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Linking millipede trophic niche to litter–millipede elemental composition across an altitudinal gradient
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 German Research Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 National Natural Science Foundation of Chinahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004543 China Scholarship Counci
Changes in Porcine Muscle Gene Expression: Influence of Stunning Gases and Postmortem Time Course
No full textOpen-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
Molecular genotype-phenotype correlation in ACTB- and ACTG1-related non-muscle actinopathies
No full textRecent advances in Mendelian genomics reveal the importance of variant-level characterization of allelic disorders. Non-muscle actin isoforms, encoded by the genes ACTB and ACTG1, are the most abundant intracellular proteins, but historically, they are often regarded as merely being "housekeeping" molecules. Here, we illuminate the extraordinary clinical heterogeneity and complex pathobiology of genetic non-muscle actinopathies. To do this, we combine human genomics studies with molecular biology. Strikingly, variants in ACTB and ACTG1 isoforms generate at least eight distinct clinical disorders. A subset of disease-associated missense variants causes dysregulated actin polymerization-depolymerization and neuronal migration defects. In contrast, nonsense, frameshift, and missense variants enhancing protein degradation cause milder phenotypes or are benign. These results emphasize the essential functional aspects of the non-muscle actin isoforms. Critically, they additionally constitute a template for the personalized genetic variant-level-driven management of the pleiotropic allelic single-gene disorders
A tool for repression of RNAi overcomes sterility in Tribolium castaneum
No full textAbstract RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural antiviral defense mechanism in plants and animals. As a counter defense strategy, most viruses have evolved viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to antagonize the RNAi pathway. Here, we utilized transgenic misexpression of a VSR from Cricket Paralysis virus (CrPV1A) to dampen RNAi in a temporal and life-stage specific way in order to overcome limitations of knocking down pleiotropic genes by the strong systemic RNAi response in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. We found that ubiquitously driven VSR rescued the sterility of the females injected with Tc-axin or Tc-decapentaplegic double-stranded RNA, where sterility had previously hampered analysis. By overcoming sterility using this tool and by rescuing zygotic function with a heat-shock driven VSR, we were able to separate maternal from zygotic function for the Wnt pathway inhibitor Tc-Axin. Thereby, we could provide evidence that maternal Wnt signalling alone is responsible for axis formation in Tribolium. Our tool opens new experimental possibilities such as studying genes by parental RNAi, which would normally lead to sterility and separating maternal from zygotic gene functions. Further improvements are required to allow for studying zygotic gene function while rescuing maternal functions and for spatially restricting the RNAi effect
Mixed-selective organization of reach and grasp in the primate fronto-parietal network
No full textReaching and grasping in primates require coordinated control of several parameters, such as grip type, wrist orientation, spatial position, and hand laterality. The anterior intraparietal (AIP) and rostral ventral premotor (F5) areas are key hubs in this process. This study used electrophysiological data to investigate how these parameters are co-represented in AIP and F5. The results indicate that neurons predominantly show mixed selectivity with stable temporal organization related to movement and pre-movement phases. This uncategorizable mixture of selectivity allows flexible decoding. Despite condition-dependent shifts, selectivity preferences were largely preserved across task conditions. Notably, object-related factors (orientation and position) remained more stable during grip type changes in AIP, whereas grip type was more stable in F5, suggesting a functional hierarchical organization of context-dependent coding in both areas. Together, despite the continuous range of mixed selectivity at the single-neuron level, neural ensembles exhibit a stable organization on the temporal and functional scales, enabling flexible readouts
Transmission of MPXV from fire-footed rope squirrels to sooty mangabeys
No full textMpox, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV; Orthopoxvirus monkeypox), is on the rise in West and Central Africa1-3. African rodents, especially squirrels, are suspected to be involved in MPXV emergence, but no evidence of a direct transmission to humans or non-human primates has been established4-9. Here we describe an outbreak of MPXV in a group of wild sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) in Taï National Park (Côte d'Ivoire). The outbreak affected one-third of the group, killing four infants. To track its origin, we analysed rodents and wildlife carcasses from the region. We identified a MPXV-infected fire-footed rope squirrel (Funisciurus pyrropus), found dead 3 km from the mangabey territory 12 weeks before the outbreak. MPXV genomes from the squirrel and the mangabey were nearly identical. A video record from 2014 showed a mangabey from this group eating the same squirrel species and diet metabarcoding of faecal samples collected from mangabeys before the outbreak identified two samples containing fire-footed rope squirrel DNA. One of these samples was also the first positive for MPXV. This represents a rare case of direct detection of interspecies transmission. Our findings indicate that rope squirrels were the source of the MPXV outbreak in mangabeys. Because squirrels and non-human primates are hunted, traded and consumed by humans in West and Central Africa10,11, exposure to these animals probably represents risk for zoonotic transmission of MPXV
A longitudinal bifactor approach to modelling somatic symptom development in psychosomatic treatment
No full textIntegrated transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling and functional characterization of the MaXTH23 gene in boron stress adaptation in mulberry (Morus alba L.)
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100017691 Guangxi Key Research and Development Programhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004608 Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provincehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012453 China Agricultural Research Syste
Unveiling the canopy heat trapping effect in green roofs: Thermo-dynamic mechanisms during subtropical urban heatwaves
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003453 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Provinc
Detection of Radical Anions by Electrospray‐Ionization Mass Spectrometry
No full textABSTRACT Radical anions constitute an important class of reactive intermediates. Here, we investigate the suitability of electrospray‐ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry for their qualitative and quantitative analysis. To this end, we have probed solutions of 14 different benzoquinones and nitrobenzenes in the presence or absence of the reductant CoCp 2 . The latter greatly helped in the formation and detection of radical anions, but even without, analytes of sufficiently high electron affinity could accept an electron upon cathodic reduction during the ESI process and, thus, became observable. Analytes with low electron affinities escaped from detection because the corresponding radical anions did not form to a sufficient extent and/or underwent electron detachment during the ESI process and the consecutive ion transfer. Furthermore, we studied the effect of the analyte concentration, different reducing agents as well as the solvent and demonstrated the utility of the present approach for the mechanistic elucidation of reactions involving radical anions.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Niedersächsische Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur https://doi.org/10.13039/10001193