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Comments of the German Cardiac Society on the guidelines of the ESC (2024) on chronic coronary syndrome : from the Committee for Clinical Cardiovascular Medicine with participation of the German Society for Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery
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Towards causality graph expansions for local and global causal assessment of flow network models for analytical system resilience explainability
No full textNetwork models of modern systems such as critical infrastructures, systems of systems, or human cyber-physical systems are key for their modelling, understanding, design, and analysis. Examples include electrical, communication, supply and transport networks, smart homes, or physical access systems. Graph, flow, or engineering-physical models allow by now to assess the influence of disruptions of single or more elements at different system levels to an increasing level of accuracy, transiency, and real time. Also, a plethora of metrics are available to assess system overall risk, e.g., system loss or resilience metrics. The present approach employs the concept of causal graphs and their quantification to reveal levels of dependencies of nodes, which can be extended to cover also edges. This is first conducted at the level of two nodes starting with direct causal dependency chains of first order, and then proposed to be extended to causal elementary models for three elements: chain, fork, and immorality. To assess to which degree two arbitrary nodes of the network are linked by a causal chain of first order, for simplicity a linear dependency model between the nodes is assumed, and its parameters are determined assessing the effect of critical possible risk and resilience weighted disruptions. In this way for each causal elementary graph its relevancy for the overall causal network can be ranked. If this is available for all causal building blocks a procedure can be given how to construct the overall causal graph bottom up avoiding cyclic and undirected structures. The proposed approach is described stepwise as well as equations are given for up to causal chains. The scaling of the approach is assessed. Best local causal models as well an overall causal model can be constructed. For an example the causal graph is constructed and discussed using first order causal chains
Untersuchung von Scaffolds mit unterschiedlicher Gewichtung von β-Trikalziumphosphat und Polycaprolacton für Bone Tissue Engineering
No full textResponse: Use of integrated genomic surveillance by local public health authorities: Recommendations based on a mixed-methods study of current adoption, applications and success factors, Germany, 2023
No full textVisual acuity in various phenotypes of intermediate age related macular degeneration (AMD) in a multicentre cohort study in Europe- INTERCEPT-AMD report 1
No full textBackground/ObjectivesTo study the associations of VA and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) subclassifications.Subjects/MethodsThis is the analysis of baseline data of a multicentre study on patients with iAMD in at least one eye. The subclassifications of iAMD were classified as: (i) iAMD with no evidence of incomplete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA) or subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD); (ii) iAMD with SDD with no iRORA; (iii) iAMD with iRORA with no SDD and (iv) iAMD with iRORA and SDD.Results983 eyes from 805 patients with iAMD were analysed. The mean age was 75.8 years (SD 7.9), with 35.0% (282) male. Eyes with iRORA with SDD had lower VA relative to eyes with no iRORA and no SDD (OR = 0.98 [95% CI 0.96, 0.998]; P = 0.03). The VA in the better seeing eye was significantly higher than in the worse seeing eye. Increased age (sex adjusted OR, 1.07, 95% CI 1.05–1.09; P ConclusionsBaseline age, presence of SDD and/or iRORA and fellow eye status need to be considered in future clinical trials evaluating preventive or treatment options for iAMD
Patellafraktur biomechanisch stabil behandeln : aktuelle Empfehlungen des Frakturkomitees der DKG zur Versorgung von Patellafrakturen
No full textHigh-resolution rapid-scanning Fourier transform spectroscopy of ultracold atoms
No full textFemtosecond (fs) interferometry combined with acousto-optical phase modulation is an effective approach to implement various types of coherent nonlinear and multidimen-sional spectroscopy schemes. Here, we focus on gaseous and ultracold samples and compare directly the performance and spectral resolution between two experimental imple-mentations of the phase modulation technique, which are stepwise and continuous rapid scanning of the underlying Fourier transform (FT) interferometers. We show the per-formance advantage of the rapid-scanning approach and demonstrate a spectral resolution of 250 MHz in the spectroscopy of laser-cooled Li atoms. This is a 10-fold resolutionimprovement compared to previous experiments
“Bridging Europe” advancing education: The 12th Educational Corner at EuroELSO 2024 Conference in Krakow, Poland
No full textThe nonbinary gender star (Genderstern) in German : attitudes, mental representations, and readability
No full textThe gender star form (Radfahrer*in – cyclist) is not only the most popular nonbinary genderfair form in German (Krome, 2020), it is moreover the most central to the emotionally led public debate (e.g. Bröder et al., 2022; Meuleneers, 2024). However, empirical research on both its popularity as well as its functionality is still rare. First, while public surveys suggest an overall low acceptance of the star form (e.g. Welt am Sonntag, 2020; Westdeutscher Rundfunk 2022), only little is known about how beliefs on the equality of all genders, the recognition of the discriminatory power of language, and the actual willingness to read or use the star form are intertwined. Second, while the gender star was introduced with the intention to inclusively address all genders, that is, persons identifying beyond the binary categories as well as women and men, opponents of the star form doubt that it serves this purpose (e.g. Kotthoff, 2020; Zifonun, 2018). However, so far, no experimental study tested the efficiency of the star form beyond the binary categories. Third, opponents of the gender star moreover claim that, due to the insertion of the asterisk in a role noun, the form’s use impedes the readability of role nouns and texts (e.g. Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache, 2020; Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung, 2021). Again, however, so far, no experimental study investigated the influence of the star form on readability with implicit measures. The thesis at hand aims at addressing these open questions. For this purpose, after an introduction to the foundations and the history of gender-fair language (GFL) in German (chapter 2), three published research articles will be presented, which will each be introduced, summarized, and discussed in a separate chapter. While there exists a variety of different forms of GFL in German, the public debate mainly focuses on the gender star form (e.g. Bröder et al., 2022). This “homogenization” (Meuleneers, 2024), however, disguises the fact that a person might, for example, hold a positive attitude towards forms of GFL intending to increase the visibility of women, but a negative attitude towards the more recent nonbinary forms, or the other way round (Kotthoff, 2020). These 9 insights from qualitative research have been neglected in surveys on GFL in German. Moreover, recent experimental studies investigating the functionality of the nonbinary gender star have not taken them into account—even though previous research has shown that attitudes might influence the processing of different types of GFL (e.g. Steiger-Loerbroks & Stockhausen, 2014; Stahlberg & Sczesny, 2001). Zacharski (2024) (chapter 3), presents the development, the first validation as well as a first application of a psychological questionnaire which allows to measure potentially different stances towards nonbinary and binary GFL. The ABNBL (Attitudes towards Binary and Nonbinary GFL) does not only serve as a tool for future psycholinguistic research. Moreover, it shows how different dimension of attitudes of GFL are intertwined. In particular, its first application suggests that a lower willingness to use special character forms such as the gender star is correlated with a lack of awareness of the intended purpose of nonbinary forms as well as a lack of awareness of the discriminatory potential of binary forms towards persons identifying beyond the female-male dichotomy. This finding is particularly interesting for those who are interested in promoting the use of GFL. Zacharski and Ferstl (2023) (chapter 4) presents a psycholinguistic study that investigates which mental representations are elicited by the gender star form. Other studies recently published on this topic merely tested how inclusive the star form is for women and men (Keith et al., 2022; Körner et al., 2022; Kurz & Mulder, 2023). In contrast, the goal of this study was to find out whether the gender star is a suitable form to also increase the visibility of persons identifying beyond the binary categories. For this purpose, a word-picture matching task was developed in which acceptance rates and reaction times were used to infer which mental representations are elicited by role nouns in feminine, masculine, and star form. A first application of this paradigm with a student sample showed that the gender star, indeed, serves as an inclusive form for all genders, that is, women, men, and persons read as nonbinary—a finding that is most relevant for both the academic as well as the public debate on GFL in German. What is more, this study 10 was the first to introduce a paradigm that allows the investigation of mental representations beyond the binary and is thus a major contribution to this field of research in general. Inclusive mental representations can, however, only be elicited by role nouns in star form if they are well readable and comprehensible (Friedrich & Heise, 2019). Zacharski, Kruppa, and Ferstl (2024) (chapter 5) thus present a study that investigated whether and how the gender star form impedes the readability of role nouns on the word level. In contrast to previous studies that tested the readability of the gender star with explicit measures (Friedrich et al., 2021; Pabst & Kollmayer, 2023), a lexical decision task was used which allows to infer from acceptance rates and reaction times whether word recognition is impeded by the insertion of the special character—independent of potential influences of, for example, social desirability. Interestingly, while there were no difficulties in word recognition for the student sample, role nouns in star form where recognized slower by a group of older non-students. These initial difficulties, however, vanished over the course of the experiment suggesting that reading the star form can be learned once its usage becomes more popular. Not only is this finding a major contribution to the debate on the use of GFL in Germany. The results moreover emphasize the importance of taking interindividual differences into account when conducting research on the functionality of GFL and thus prove the relevance of the ABNBL-questionnaire. After the presentation of the three research articles, their findings will be embedded into a broader context: In a final chapter (chapter 6), their contributions to both the theoretical discourse on GFL—in German but also in other languages—as well the public debate in Germany will be discussed. Moreover, limitations of the studies are considered and questions that remain open will be identified. The latter guide the potential directions of future research and thus, finally, interesting and already ongoing continuative research projects will be sketched, before the thesis closes on a short conclusion (chapter 7)