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Visuelle Kommunikation und Film: Qualitative Geographien durch Storytelling im Film vermitteln
No full textDer Einsatz visueller Methoden in qualitativen Forschungsarbeiten der Geographie nimmt mittlerweile einen wichtigen Stellenwert im Forschungsfeld ein. Das Handbuch Visualisierung Qualitativer Geographien zielt darauf ab, zentrale Begriffe, Konzepte und Debatten geographischer Visualisierungspraxen systematisch in einen umfassenderen theoretischen und methodischen Kontext einzuordnen und eine Reflexionsfläche für ihre Anwendungen zu bieten. Geographische Forschung mit qualitativen Methoden ist auf vielfältige Weise mit Visualisierungen verknüpft, die sich seit Jahren immer weiter ausdifferenziert. Visualisierungen finden Einsatz in der Raumerkundung und Datenerhebung, als Datenquellen, beim Strukturieren und zum Reflektieren empirischen Materials oder bei der Kommunikation von Ergebnissen. Das Buch zeichnet einen nicht-linear gedachten Forschungsablauf nach – von der Forschungskonzeption über den Einsatz visueller Methoden und visuellen Materials bis hin zu der Reflexion und Kommunikation von Ergebnissen. Es verbindet damit konkrete methodisch-empirische Vorgehensweisen und die mit ihnen einhergehenden arbeitspraktischen Herausforderungen mit einer sozial- und bildtheoretisch informierten methodologischen Reflexion. Damit bildet das Handbuch erstmalig in der deutschsprachigen Geographie ein breites Spektrum von theoretischen, ethisch-rechtlichen sowie methodischen Auseinandersetzungen mit Visualisierungen ab und richtet sich vornehmlich an Lesende, die Einstiege in unterschiedliche Aspekte dieses Feldes suchen
Kardiale Stress-Marker während der Körperexposition bei Jugendlichen mit Anorexia nervosa und hoher Körperunzufriedenheit
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Somatic symptom severity and psychological distress among immigrants: findings from a population-based study
No full textBackgroundSomatic symptoms are frequently reported among immigrants, yet their occurrence and association with psychological distress remain understudied in population-based research using validated and measurement-invariant instruments. This study assessed the measurement invariance of the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8) and compared somatic symptom severity (SSS) between first- and second-generation immigrants and non-immigrants in a German population sample.Materials and methodsSomatic symptom severity and psychological distress were assessed using the SSS-8 and PHQ-4, respectively. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the measurement invariance of the SSS-8. Group differences were examined with ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analyses were performed to explore associations between immigration status and SSS, adjusting for distress and sociodemographic variables.ResultsThe sample included N = 6860 participants (46.8% women; M = 49.4 years, SD = 18.1), comprising n = 504 first-generation immigrants and n = 472 second-generation immigrants. The SSS-8 demonstrated measurement invariance across groups. Pain was the most frequently reported symptom. High or very high SSS was reported by 9.9% of first-generation immigrants, 12.7% of second-generation immigrants, and 7.5% of non-immigrants. In hierarchical regression models, second-generation immigrant status (ß = .15; 95% CI, 0.08–0.22; p ConclusionsIn this study, the SSS-8 demonstrated measurement invariance across immigrant and non-immigrant populations, supporting its applicability for research in diverse sociocultural contexts. The findings suggest a higher vulnerability to SSS and distress among second-generation immigrants, emphasizing the need for targeted screening to improve early identification and healthcare access. However, clinical studies are needed to replicate these findings
Self-assembly of anisotropic colloids
No full textThis work concerns itself with the cholesteric phase – a chiral liquid crystal phase that is characterized by a twist deformation of the nematic director field. The first part of the thesis begins by showcasing the common challenges encountered during (Monte Carlo) simulations of the cholesteric phase. Then it presents the usual workarounds that are used to obtain equilibrium values of the cholesteric pitch. In order to facilitate large-scale bulk simulations, a structure-based sequential multiscale modelling method is proposed with the cholesteric pitch as the ‘message’ being passed through the different stages. The first two stages utilise a lattice model at different levels of coarse-graining, where the formation of the cholesteric phase is driven by an electrostatic chiral interaction between achiral anisotropic particles. This is followed by a final off-lattice stage where the formation of the cholesteric phase is driven by the excluded volume interaction between chiral particles.The macroscopic chirality of a phase has a non-trivial relationship with the microscopic chirality of its constituent particles. A novel class of hard chiral particles is introduced, namely convex twisted n-prisms or n-antiprisms, and their phase behaviour is studied by computer simulations.The results show that molecular chirality is neither a sufficient nor necessary condition for the emergence of bulk chirality in a liquid crystal phase. An almost uniform phase behaviour is observed across different particle shapes by introducing an effective volume-based aspect ratio of the twisted n-prisms. A chiral liquid crystal phase - the splay nematic phase - is found for unary systems of achiral particle shapes in the C2v point group (no centre of inversion symmetry). The phase is formed with a special initial configuration that mimics the effect of an initial aligningfield. The parameters affecting the formation and structure of the splay nematic phase are also studied.The second part of the thesis looks at the phase stability of mixtures of hard spheres and hard rods. Free volume theory (FVT) is used to study the excluded volume interactions, free volume fraction available, and the phase behaviour of the mixture. The original FVT does not fully take into account the excluded volume between the depletants, resulting in significant qualitative and quantitative deviations between the theoretical and simulation results. The theory is compared to a recent, more rigorous, extension of the FVT which includes the excluded volume interactions between all particles. Predictions by the new FVT are found to agree well with the computersimulation results
High-frequency resonator readout of quantum states in semiconducting nanowire double quantum dots
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Fence and fencibility : using technology to direct wildlife
No full textWe examine the virtual fence in terms of how it communicates with wildlife about interspecies boundaries. This is done using a biosemiotic point of departure, which regards interventions as communicative devices tailored to be ‘read’ by wild animal sensory perceptions (Umwelten). Having synthesised some current uses of such technologies in wildlife management, our chapter shows how wires cross in miscommunication across species boundaries. In particular, we show such instances as when wildlife may come to associate a deterrent and boundary marker with food or a nesting opportunity instead of ‘danger – keep out’. We interrogate the impact of technology on the design of these signalling devices. Fences and fence technology are increasingly digitally mediated through AI-based surveillance and automatic responses to ‘discipline’ animals – deterrents which use sounds, light flashes or other repellents. This minimises not only human involvement in wildlife management but also physical manifestations: a fence is no longer a visible structure but is present as coordinates in a software program, felt but not seen. This prompts us to ask whether digitisation changes the nature of fencibility – what a fence is and stands for. In the absence of visual manifestation, but materially enforced by negative stimuli when crossed, what are the implications of these digitally encoded devices for communication across the species in wildlife management