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Partizipation in der Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie
No full textAbstract:Objective: Participation and codetermination are important rights of children and adolescents. The present study examined discrepancies between the desire and experience of participation, their relationship with treatment satisfaction, and which patient-related variables are associated with the reported discrepancies. Method: Forty adolescents from the inpatient unit or the day clinic of the university clinic of Ruppin-Brandenburg answered a questionnaire concerning their desire for and experience of participation. Additionally, we assessed sociodemographic data and personality traits. Results: Patients experienced less participation than desired. The highest discrepancy was found in items concerning communication with family and friends. Two personality traits had significant positive effects on the discrepancy of desired and experienced participation: „suspicious schizotypical“ and „loyal-dependent.“ Conclusion: Minors want more participation than they actually experience. We need flexible concepts, especially concerning communication with family and friends, to reduce the discrepancy between the desire and the experience of participation. Giving patients the possibility to participate and encouraging them to do so should be emphasized, especially with patients with the personality traits „suspicious-schizotypical“ and „loyal-dependent.“Zusammenfassung:Fragestellung: Partizipation und Mitbestimmung sind ein wichtiges Recht von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte Diskrepanzen zwischen Wunsch und Erleben von Partizipation in der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen und -psychotherapeutischen Behandlung, ihren Zusammenhang mit der Behandlungszufriedenheit und die Frage, welche patient_innenbezogenen Variablen mit den berichteten Diskrepanzen in Zusammenhang stehen. Methode: Insgesamt 40 Kinder und Jugendliche aus teil- und vollstationären Gruppen berichteten anhand eines standardisierten Fragebogens zu ihrem Erleben von Partizipation und ihrem Wunsch nach Mitbestimmung. Weiterhin wurden soziodemographische und krankheitsbezogene Variablen sowie Persönlichkeitsstile erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die Befragten erlebten in allen Bereichen weniger Partizipation als sie sich wünschten. Die höchste Differenz fand sich in der Skala der persönlichen Freiheiten, welche inhaltlich die Kommunikation mit Familie und Freund_innen abbildet. Die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale „ahnungsvoll-schizotypisch“ und „loyal-abhängig“ hingen signifikant positiv mit der Differenzvariable zusammen. Je größer die Differenz zwischen Wunsch und Erleben von Partizipation, desto geringer war die Behandlungszufriedenheit. Schlussfolgerung: Kinder und Jugendliche wünschen sich mehr Partizipation als sie erleben. Flexible Konzepte erscheinen sinnvoll, um insbesondere im Bereich der persönlichen Freiheiten die Differenz zwischen Wunsch und Erleben von Partizipation zu verringern. Insbesondere bei Patient_innen mit den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen „ahnungsvoll-schizotypisch“ und „loyal-abhängig“ sollte auf eine stärkere Einbindung geachtet werden
p53 mutation biases squamocolumnar junction progenitor cells towards dysplasia rather than metaplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus
No full textRadium levels in Brazil nuts: a review of the literature
No full textBrazil nuts are well known for their extraordinarily high selenium content. For this reason, they are frequently recommended as a kind of natural selenium ‘supplement’, particularly for certain population groups such as vegetarians and vegans in regions with low soil selenium levels. Typically, an intake of one or two Brazil nuts per day is recommended. Brazil nuts, however, also stand out from other nuts in terms of their high (albeit highly variable) radium content. The radium isotopes Ra-226 and Ra-228 emit alpha- and beta-radiation, with this type of radiation being particularly harmful when ingested. Consequently, it is important to consider radium levels in Brazil nuts before formulating recommendations for a long-term, daily intake of these nuts. To date, however, no comprehensive overview of radium levels in Brazil nuts has been published. Therefore, a literature review without time or language restrictions was conducted, including unpublished original data from Germany. The literature review (including the German data) indicated mean Ra-226 and Ra-228 levels of 49 (range: 17–205) mBq/g and 67 (range: 12–235) mBq/g, respectively. Assuming a consistent daily intake of one or two Brazil nuts, this would result in an effective dose of ~88–220 μSv/year. This level of exposure appears to be neither clearly harmful nor clearly harmless. As increased radioactivity exposure (at least at higher doses) is associated with increased cancer risk, randomised controlled trials assessing the effect of Brazil nuts on cancer risk biomarkers are needed
Chronic in vivo sequelae of repetitive acute mfb-DBS on accumbal dopamine and midbrain neuronal activity
No full textMedial Forebrain Bundle Deep Brain Stimulation (MFB-DBS) can have rapid and long lasting antidepressant effects in Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD) patients. The mechanisms are not well understood, but one hypothesis stipulates that modulation of the dopaminergic (DAergic) fibers contribute to the therapeutic outcome. Acute DBS effects on DA release have been studied; however, longitudinal studies with acute-repetitive DBS are lacking. Long-Evans accumbal DA release and Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) calcium tonic and phasic signaling to different mfb-DBS parameters were measured using fiber photometry over 8 weeks, following acute and repetitive stimulation in behaving and non-behaving animals. DBS-induced release was observed in both targets, with increased frequency and DBS duration. 130 Hz stimulation increased phasic and tonic DA response over time, with the latter being a potential mechanism for its long-term clinical effectiveness. VTA calcium transients decreased, while phasic activity increased with frequency. Pulse width (PW)-mediated differential peak release timing also suggests potential parallel activation of diverse fiber types. Additionally, decreased DA transients rate during Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) suggests context and stimulation duration-dependent DA release. The data confirm chronic antidromic/orthodromic DAergic responses with stimulation parameter dependent variability, providing novel insights into temporal adaptations, connectivity and fiber recruitment on mfb DBS
Die Gestaltwandlerin. Zur politischen Widerstandsfähigkeit der Pariser Universität im 15. Jahrhundert
No full textMemories of Empire: Imaginaries of pasts and futures in Iranian anti-regime online spaces
No full textPast experiences with empire, whether positive or negative, play an im-portant role in Iranian oppositional online spaces and collective memory morebroadly. The Golden Age of the Achaemenid empire, the mytho-history of theShahnameh, and the supposed decline following Iran’s conquest by Arab-Muslimarmies all serve as reference points to glorify the“Iranian nation,”condemn theIslamic Republic, and (re)define what it means to be Iranian. Drawing on threecase studies about heroization discourses surrounding recent protest“martyrs,”this chapter analyses how Iranian memories of empire shape discourses both ondiagnoses of Iran’s present woes as well as expectations regarding its near future.It argues that references to select episodes of Iran’s past are used to imagine adifferent version of the Iranian nation, separate from government-sanctioned ide-ology, which exists in a state of tension between genuine revolutionary enthusi-asm and the necessity to mobilize for further protests. Heroizing narratives andthe historical reference points they draw on thus serve as vehicles for debatingthe boundaries and possible future(s) of the national collective
Standardized student assessments: important or just extra work?
No full textSeit dem Schuljahr 2015/16 werden in Baden-Württemberg verpflichtend zu Beginn der fünften Klasse die Basiskompetenzen in den Fächern Deutsch und Mathematik der Schüler:innen mit der Lernstandserhebung Lernstand 5 erhoben. Ergebnisse aus Lernstand 5 können, wie die Ergebnisse anderer Lernstandserhebungen (z. B. VERA), im Sinne des Data Based Decision Making genutzt werden. Lernstand 5 unterscheidet sich aber in seiner vorrangig individualdiagnostisch ausgeprägten Konzeption von anderen nationalen Lernstandserhebungen. Deshalb ist es von Interesse, wie Lehrkräfte das Potenzial von Lernstand 5 einschätzen und wie sie die Ergebnisse nutzen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Überzeugungen von Mathematik- und Deutschlehrkräften zu verschiedenen Aspekten von Lernstand 5 in einer Stichprobe von N = 744 Lehrkräften verschiedener Schularten untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Rückmeldungen der Ergebnisse für die Lehrkräfte verständlich waren, die Lehrkräfte im Mittel aber eher skeptische Überzeugungen zu Lernstand 5 aufwiesen. Positivere Überzeugungen zu Lernstand 5 gingen mit einer vermehrten Nutzung der Ergebnisse einher. Zudem zeigen sich schulartspezifische Unterschiede in den Überzeugungen und der Nutzung: Lehrkräfte an nicht-gymnasialen Schularten, insbesondere an Gemeinschaftsschulen, wiesen positivere Überzeugungen zu Lernstand 5 auf und gaben an, die Ergebnisse für ihren Unterricht stärker zu nutzen.Since the school year 2015/16, it has been mandatory in Baden-Württemberg to assess students’ basic competencies in German and mathematics at the beginning of the fifth grade using the Lernstandserhebung Lernstand 5. Like other national learning assessments (e.g., VERA), Lernstand 5 is a procedure in the context of Data Based Decision Making, but differs from the latter in its primarily individual-diagnostic concept. It is, therefore, of interest how teachers assess the potential of Lernstand 5 and how they use the results. This study examines mathematics and German teachers’ beliefs about various aspects of Lernstand 5 in a sample of N = 744 teachers from different school types. The results indicate that the feedback of the results is easy for the teachers to understand, but on average the teachers are skeptical about the benefit of Lernstand 5. More positive beliefs about Lernstand 5 were associated with increased use of the results for teaching. In addition, the results indicate differences between school types: Teachers at non-academic schools, especially at comprehensive schools (Gemeinschaftsschulen), hold more positive beliefs about Lernstand 5 and stated that they used the results more often in their teaching
O‐p‐methoxyphenyl [alpha]‐hydroxycarboxylic acids as versatile hydroxyalkylation agents for photocatalysis
No full textReliable radical precursors are crucial for photocatalytic processes. In particular, heteroatom-stabilized radicals have attracted considerable research interest in photocatalysis. Among them, α-amino radicals have received the most attention, while the research on α-hydroxy radicals is much less developed. Herein, we present O-PMP α-hydroxycarboxylic acids as novel precursors for the formation of oxygen-stabilized radicals. These radicals have been successfully used as building blocks in Pd-catalyzed allylation reactions, Ni-catalyzed arylation and alkenylation reactions, and Giese reactions. A subsequent deprotection step liberates the corresponding hydroxyalkylation products