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Price discovery and efficiency in uniswap liquidity pools
No full textUsing almost three years of minute‐level data, we show that the efficiency of Uniswap v3 is much improved relative to v2, and some v3 pools are approaching or even exceeding Bitstamp in terms of price discovery ability. Regression results suggest that the channels of influence for these improvements are an increase in informed liquidity providers and swappers, who nevertheless prefer to use centralized exchanges when markets become volatile. At such times, there are relatively more uninformed speculative traders in all Uniswap pools, and cross‐exchange arbitrage activities become more prevalent. However, these decrease the price discovery ability of Uniswap pools relative to Coinbase and Bitstamp. The informed traders that remain on Uniswap during periods of high uncertainty tend to switch to the higher‐fee v3 pools to compensate for efficiency loss, or to v2 pools where there is sufficient liquidity to complete large trades.</p
The Illusion of “Apolitical” Climate Policy
No full textAround the world, countries have set up climate institutions that putatively “depoliticize” climate policymaking, removing decisions from the realm of partisan politics or delegating decisions to technocratic bodies. Here, we offer an empirical reassessment of such apolitical institutions in the UK, Norway, Denmark, and Australia. We find that what seems in many cases like depoliticization – upon closer examination – proves anything but. Instead, we offer a reinterpretation of climate advisory institutions as the path-dependent product of distributive and partisan conflicts. New climate institutions did not emerge merely as a result of norms about public goods provision and efforts to reshape intertemporal policymaking incentives, to provide stability, or to solve the gap between current and future welfare needs. Instead, these institutions addressed core distributive conflicts over climate policy, the short- or medium-term political needs of incumbent governments, or both. In turn, we argue that this political context surrounding their creation has limited the degree to which they can stabilize policy over time or depoliticize climate policy debates.</p
Expressive equivalence between decidable freeze and metric timed temporal logics
No full textWe demonstrate a surprising and first-of-its-kind expressive equivalence between decidable metric and freeze logics over timed words in pointwise semantics. Our main result states that Metric Interval Temporal Logic with future, past and Pnueli modalities, MITPPL, and full unilateral timed propositional temporal logic with both future and past temporal modalities, UPTL, have identical expressiveness. One of the highlights of this paper, which allows for this equivalence, is to prove that UPTL formulas admit monadic decomposition. Our result also implies that several decidable logics for real-time specifications, such as one-variable UPTL, unilateral MITPPL, and Q2MLO, are all expressively equivalent, and the reductions between them are effective. Hence, our result unifies the fragmented expressiveness boundary of timed temporal logics. As corollaries, we resolve the open question of the decidability for full UPTL, and the variable or clock hierarchy problem for the future fragment of UPTL.</p
Development and evaluation of a training module for people with lived experience of mental illness using social contact strategy for stigma reduction: a study protocol
No full textSocial contact strategy or social contact based anti-stigma intervention, where a person with lived experience (PWLE) of mental illness shares his/her lived experiences with the target group, has been found to be effective in reducing stigma and discrimination. A culturally appropriate social contact based anti-stigma intervention training module would be helpful in training PWLE. Since there is no culturally appropriate training module available in India, there is a need to develop a training module for PWLE of mental illness to deliver a social contact based anti-stigma intervention. Thus, the proposed mixed-methods study aims to develop and test the efficacy of a training module for PWLE of mental illness, using social contact strategy to reduce stigma and discrimination towards people with mental illness amongst undergraduate students. The proposed study will be carried out in three phases; Phase-I: formative work will be conducted using an explorative research design. After a formative and extensive literature review, the culturally appropriate training module will be developed and subsequently reviewed and validated by mental health experts and service users. Phase-II: PWLE of mental illness will be trained using the developed manual adopting a case series design. Phase-III: To test the efficacy of the training, a quasi-experimental research design will be used, in which the target group’s knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards mental illness will be assessed pre- and post and at three-month follow-up. Socio-demographic data will be analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data (Phase-I and Phase-III) will be analysed through thematic analysis. Based on normality distribution, a parametric test like RMANOVA or an equivalent non parametric test will be adopted during phase III for efficacy testing. In addition, the outcomes amongst the PWLE, i.e., self-stigma and self-esteem, will be assessed and use of the training module will be analysed using thematic analysis.</p
Exploring the views of key stakeholders on dementia risk prediction in areas of socioeconomic deprivation: a qualitative study
No full textBackground There is growing interest in personalised approaches to dementia risk assessment and prevention. Risk prediction tools can estimate an individual’s likelihood of developing dementia, but none are currently used clinically. Socioeconomic disadvantaged populations may reduce opportunities for individuals to engage in healthy behaviours that support brain health even if risk is determined. Aim To explore the potential challenges and facilitators in introducing dementia risk prediction tools into UK general practice, with an emphasis on those living in areas of socioeconomic deprivation. Design and Setting General Practices from three geographical areas of England (Greater Manchester, North East, and South East). Method Semi-structured qualitative interviews exploring the views of key stakeholders around the use of risk prediction tools for future dementia analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results In total 71 participants were purposively sampled and interviewed (31 primary care staff; 40 patients). We identified four themes which influenced engagement with dementia risk prediction in general practice (1) risk as an idea, (2) patient views on the impact of, and choice around, risk screening, (3) embedding risk prediction into clinical consultations, and (4) wider system level engagement to support adoption of risk prediction tools to prevent dementia. Conclusion Dementia risk assessment presents distinct challenges compared to other areas of medicine. The increased public awareness around dementia prevention and risk reduction can facilitate this process. When developing interventions, there needs to be a recognition of the need for a whole systems approach that supports individuals to adopt strategies to reduce their risk.</p
Pro(vider) Bono: Non-chargeable time in legal aid work
No full textThe purpose of the research was to capture data on the amount of time spent on non-chargeable tasks
generated by both casework and non-casework activities that are required when operating under a legal aid contract. There was anecdotal evidence that these tasks are many and varied, taking differing amounts of time and being required on a daily, weekly or less frequent basis, such as file reviews and audits. 84 participants across ten organisations completed a ten-day data recording period, noting time spent in different categories of non-chargeable time, alongside their chargeable time (as billed to the Legal Aid Agency) and their total contracted time. All participating legal aid organisations undertake a significant amount of unpaid work on non-chargeable casework and non-casework tasks. Across the sample, the average amount of time spent on non-chargeable tasks was just over one hour and 43 minutes per day, which is approximately one quarter of a standard 7 hour working day. These tasks are not optional – they must be undertaken to maintain contracts and to complete cases – but providers cannot bill for them. Despite the small sample, the data illustrates this phenomenon across different types and sizes of organisations, with different staffing structures and across a wide range of legal aid work. We conclude by recommending review of the fees paid, the guidance on what may be charged for, and the tasks required of providers.</p
Structural, biochemical, and functional insights into LMTK3 regulation: implications for therapeutic targeting
No full textEMBARGOED – expected end date 03.10.2027</p
Precarity: poetic and aesthetic explorations
No full textThe Special Forum establishes as an integral part of “critical global studies” the effort to interrogate how plural poetic and aesthetic registers enable distinct analyses of the establishment, harms and survivances of “the international” and “the global.” The authors’ reconstructive moves refuse the occlusion of histories of colonialism and slavery, surfacing as central to precarity their practices of extraction, land dispossession, and dehumanization, that Eurocentric accounts of precarity as a contemporary sociological problem of post-Fordist political economy occlude. At the same time, the contributors centre the practices of endurance, survival and evasion of precarious populations. Supplementing, and at times destabilizing, social scientific modes of analysis, aesthetic-poetic registers centre the genres, practices and artistic production generated in the midst of precarity. The complex analytics that aesthetics and poetics offer the examination of precarity resist the abstraction, abjection, and universalization of precarious life and its obverse, the entrenchment as normative of Euro-Western, liberal subjectivities. In this way, the approaches espoused in this Special Forum pluralize the modes of seeing, sensing, and knowing precarity, through a poetic-aesthetic sensibility that attends to the specificity of precarious lives as lived.</p
Introduction to Pakistan and International Law: Dynamics of Identity and State Practice
No full textThis introduction lays the conceptual groundwork for this volume, highlighting the substantive gap in international legal scholarship concerning how post-colonial states, particularly Pakistan, internalise, contest, and contribute to the development of international law. It outlines the central problem arising from the absence of a nuanced, state-specific analysis that captures the complex interplay between Pakistan’s evolving legal identity and the structural asymmetries of the international legal order. The introduction situates Pakistan within the broader historical and ideological evolution of international law, particularly through the critical lens of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL). It then explores how Pakistan’s constitutional, legal, and diplomatic engagements reflect a dynamic negotiation between inherited colonial legacies, Islamic legal traditions, and contemporary global norms. The introduction lays the foundation for the central argument presented in the chapters included in this volume, which suggests that Pakistan’s legal identity is shaped by both domestic governance imperatives and international legal pressures, resulting in a complex legal posture that challenges, reinterprets, or diverges from dominant narratives in international law. It concludes by outlining the volume’s structure and contributions, which collectively offer critical insights into how Pakistan’s legal experiences inform broader debates on sovereignty, compliance, and justice in international law.</p
Festschrift for Prof. Michael Bull
No full textThe sonic turn in contemporary scholarship has altered our understanding of the mediated condition of modern life. Where once the visual held sway over theoretical and methodological approaches to cultural analysis, the emergence of sound studies has provided a counterpoint that reveals the ways in which auditory experience also shapes subjectivity, social relations, and our engagement with technology. At the forefront of this scholarly field stands Michael Bull, whose pioneering work has not merely contributed to this field but has, in many ways, constituted it.
This collection bears witness to the extraordinary intellectual contributions of a scholar whose investigations into the cultural politics of personal stereos, mobile listening technologies, and urban sonic environments have opened up new avenues for understanding the relationship between technology, experience, and everyday life. Michael’s approach has always been characterised by a remarkable synthesis of theoretical sophistication and empirical attentiveness. A combination he has deployed to allow his work to speak to the lived realities of technological users and to broader questions about the porosity of modernity itself.
The contributions gathered here reflect the breadth and depth of Michael’s influence across multiple disciplines and geographical contexts. From the ethnographic study of his early Walkman research to his later analysis of iPod culture, his work has consistently demonstrated how seemingly mundane technologies can become sites of cultural investigation.
Michael’s work has anticipated and helped us understand the disruptive technological landscape of mobile media. His attention to the phenomenology of listening, the politics of urban space, and the management of everyday experience through sound has provided a helpful framework for understanding not just what these technologies do, but how they reconfigure the conditions of social life.</p