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Asylum for reasons of sexual orientation and gender identity: an intersectional approach to the experiences of asylum claimants and refugees in London
No full textEMBARGOED - expected end date 29.01.2029</p
Revisiting technology races: evidence from Indian healthcare EMR data
No full textTechnology replacement is a frequent feature of firms’ innovation journey. However, the internal working of replacement of an old technology by a new one is typically blurred – with three simultaneously interacting mechanisms – demand-pull, technology-push, and a combination of market and non-market institutions. In this paper, we disentangle them using novel electronic medical records (EMR) data from one of the largest eye-care hospital chains in Asia. Specifically, we study a race between a newer high-end medical scanning technology replacing an older and less costly technology. We exploit the COVID-19 lockdown shock in a natural experiment setup, which led to concurrent shifts in the demand and supply of a medical scanning technology. Demand-pull generated via patients propelled new technology adoption as the supply of new technology increased in tandem. This was a cohort-specific phenomenon on the supply side, with an age-identified cohort of physicians driving the adoption, and the replacement was measurably welfare-enhancing. Fixed price for treatment ensures that the replacement was not driven by market-led incentives. We conclude by discussing management of innovation through demand- and supply-side as a strategy for the firms.</p
Phase-structured environments for selective redox transformations: photocatalytic and electrochemical strategies in biphasic systems
No full textEMBARGOED – expected end date 28.01.2029</p
Honour across borders: how cultural norms shape prejudice confrontation in migration contexts
No full textHow do internalized cultural values shape responses to discrimination among minoritized groups? This research investigates how honour values, originating from socio-ecological contexts marked by insecurity and weak institutional protection, shape prejudice confrontation among individuals from honour-culture backgrounds living in Western European dignity cultures. Across three studies, we examined South and West Asians in the United Kingdom and Turkish post-migrants in Germany. We tested whether endorsement of collective honour and modern proxies of socio-ecological conditions in which honour cultures emerge (e.g., perceived financial threat, low trust in police effectiveness and procedural unfairness) predict intentions to confront discrimination. Studies 1 and 2 showed that the frequency of discrimination experiences and collective honour predicted aggressive confrontation. Studies 2 and 3 showed the dual role of honour norms: endorsement of honour norms related to family reputation predicted only non-aggressive confrontation, whereas endorsement of retaliation norms predicted only aggressive confrontation. Study 3, a pre-registered experiment, found no causal effect of manipulated contemporary manifestations of long-term socio-ecological conditions on honour endorsement or confrontation. Together, findings suggested that lived experiences of discrimination, alongside honour norms, predict confrontation. Moreover, they highlight the importance of distinguishing between dimensions of honour norms when examining culturally grounded responses to intergroup discrimination.</p
Menstruation as taboo in the workplace: cisgender-men’s perceptions of menstruation and menstrual stigma through the lenses of femmephobia and dirty femininity
No full textDespite being very common, menstruation at work has, to date, received little attention. Guided by theories of femmephobia and dirty femininity, we explored cisgender men’s perceptions of menstruation in the workplace in three European countries: Croatia, Germany, and Italy. Semi-structured interviews with 21 cisgender men workers were thematically analyzed, uncovering pervasive beliefs and attitudes that sustain and reproduce menstrual stigma. Participants mostly characterized menstruation as taboo and irrelevant to the workplace. They felt disinterested and even uncomfortable with the subject matter and believed that it should remain private and hidden, especially at work. They acknowledged that menstruating colleagues were framed as emotionally unstable, weak, and less competent, reinforcing misogynist and femmephobic stereotypes. Our findings extend applications of femmephobia to the devaluation and regulation of menstruating bodies in the workplace, and broaden the concept of dirty femininity to include menstruation. To promote inclusive workspaces, interventions should foster dialogue and build empathy.</p
Understanding the crux of refugees’ health inequities: the challenges of the health system in Nguenyyiel refugee camp in Ethiopia
No full textBackgroundEthiopia has a longstanding history of providing refuge to forcibly displaced people. This commitment to refugee protection is underscored by progressive domestic policies and international commitments the country made to protect refugee rights. However, the country’s reliance on camp-based refugee protection has overshadowed these aspirations. Within these camps, highly regulated service provision and restricted out-of-camp movement limit refugees’ local integration and access to essential services. As a result, refugees have to rely on existing capacities and available services in the camp, including healthcare, even if they are inadequate to meet the growing demands. However, there is limited information on how healthcare service provision in the refugee camp settings reflects the associated policy and the broader context of refugee protection principles in Ethiopia. Through an equity lens, this study explores how structural barriers within camp settings inhibit the translation of progressive policies into practice and perpetuate systemic healthcare inequities.MethodsWe conducted ethnographic fieldwork including participant observation, interviews and document analysis between March and July 2022. A total of 40 study participants composed of scabies patients, service providers, caregivers, refugee administration and stakeholders at the federal and regional levels participated in the study. We employed an inductive coding strategy and thematic analysis using NVivo software to understand the structural barriers and systemic inequities shaping refugee health in the camp.ResultsOur findings show that the healthcare provision in Nguenyyiel Refugee Camp faced significant challenges that forced it operate a critical level capacity. As of 2023, over 110,000 refugees relied on a single health centre and health post, staffed by only 38 professionals. In addition, the camp faced insufficient funding, high staff turnover, a lengthy recruitment process, and inadequate facilities. The root causes of these challenges are twofold. They include the lack of a clear strategy to integrate refugee health system into the national health system and the reliance on precarious external funding sources. The lack of sustainable solutions for refugees has overburdened the camp’s services, which can no longer meet the needs of its growing population. As a result, many refugees turn to illegal private pharmacies for help.ConclusionsThe refugee health system in Nguenyyiel camp faced significant challenges that ran in contrast to global efforts to attain equitable and Universal Health Coverage (UHC). We call for adaptive strategies that include refugee health financing strategies, staff retention, refugee work permits and community engagement in the identification and control of illegal pharmacies.</p
The Modern World After Colonialism: Remaking the Social Sciences
No full textThis book provides a concrete set of resources through which students and teachers can work towards remaking the social sciences. The contributors each address specific issues of sociological concern, taking seriously the processes of colonialism, empire and enslavement that enabled the making of the modern world. The book is divided into sections that address the Making of the Modern World; the Politics of Inequality; Migration, Diaspora, and Asylum; Multiculturalism and Anti-Racism; and the Environment. Across the chapters, the contributors show the inadequacy of standard accounts which locate the emergence of modern institutions – the nation-state, democracy, industrial capitalism and the scientific revolution – within Europe’s internal history. But they also ask what difference it would make to standard social scientific categories and accounts of modern institutions if we took colonial and imperial histories into account. Focusing primarily, though not exclusively, on Britain’s colonial connections, the chapters traverse histories of enslavement and enclosure; class, labour movements and housing; asylum, refugees and border control; Black Feminisms, anti-racism and state attacks on multiculturalism; and extractivism, Green New Deals and the racial politics of climate change. In doing so, this volume shows that the modern world cannot be adequately understood by analytical categories or frameworks that fail to respond to the colonial connections through which the modern world has been forged</p
Reflections on the Past, Present, and Future of the Biological Weapons Convention Research Community
No full textThis chapter examines the evolution and current state of the research community surrounding the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). Over five decades, this community has grown from a small group of scientists and experts into a diverse network of academics, NGOs, and professionals, playing a crucial role in shaping biological weapons governance.
The paper identifies four enduring challenges that drive biological weapons governance: the perceived utility of biological weapons in evolving conflict landscapes, risks of acquisition and proliferation through advancing technologies, gradual legitimization of prohibited activities through boundary-pushing, and divergence from established norms due to shifting strategic interests. While the community has successfully adapted to emerging issues, fundamental shifts in research funding structures, career pathways, and knowledge-sharing mechanisms now threaten its ability to maintain deep engagement with these challenges.
The chapter illustrates how contemporary pressures — including the shift toward project-based funding, changing academic incentives, and fragmented institutional memory — risk undermining the community's historical strengths in providing sustained critical analysis and bridging technical and policy domains. We argue that preserving the community's effectiveness requires attention not just to immediate policy concerns, but also to these enduring challenges and the structural conditions that enable sustained, critical analysis for biological weapons governance. This becomes particularly crucial as the field grapples with rapid technological change and evolving security dynamics.</p
Culpability, Liability, Responsibility, and Self-Interest Analyzing the Reasons for Our Duties to Refugees and Migrants
No full textNational citizenship is often taken to form a deep and fundamental aspect of our personal identity—to be a feature of persons which shapes the core of who we are and how we relate to other people. However, global trade, rapid transport, and instantaneous electronic communication provide the means for people to be closely connected to the lives of distant others, rendering national boundaries increasingly porous and diluting the significance of nationality for personal identity. Citizenship is also widely taken to grant priority consideration over noncitizens for access to important public goods such as health and welfare services. This chapter examines three categories of argument to reject the prioritization of citizens in resource allocation policymaking and the differential provision of health care resources it engenders. It provides an overview of these arguments and explains how they support, reinforce, and complement each other to collectively function as the basis for a more comprehensive argument for wealthy nations to meet the healthcare needs of refugees and migrants. In doing so, it notes the challenges associated with assigning responsibility appropriately due to the structural nature of the harms associated with migration and the pursuit of refuge and of the interventions necessary to mitigate them.</p