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A novel multisensory quality index of a food product: An analysis of a sausage properties
No full textA novel multisensory quality index of a food product is proposed as the negative common logarithm of the probability of a joint event, when the product quality properties under control are characterized simultaneously by the specified set of categories of the assessor/expert responses. This index is related to the entropy (a measure of uncertainty) of the probability distribution of the responses. R-code for calculation of the index was developed and validated. As a case study, the index was evaluated for a sausage, produced according to the same standard by two different manufacturers in a two-year period. Each batch of sausage was tested at the manufactures' laboratories for its chemical composition and for five sensory properties: appearance, consistency, color, smell and taste. The sensory properties were examined by five experts employed by each manufacturer. A total of 650 expert responses to the quality properties of 26 sausage batches of one manufacturer, and 1350 responses to the properties of 54 batches of the such sausage of the second manufacturer were studied. Since sausage sensory data are influenced by the product's chemical composition, the hypotheses of homogeneity of the product composition (measured values of mass fractions of protein, fat, moisture and salt) between the two manufacturers were tested and rejected. Then, for each manufacturer separately, the hypothesis of homogeneity of the responses by the different experts on the same quality property was tested and not rejected. A correlation analysis of the responses to different properties was performed for the corresponding datasets. The data of the first manufacturer were assumed to be uncorrelated, while correlation between all pairs of quality properties of the second manufacturer was statistically significant. The influence of the correlation on the quality index values was assessed, and the sausage quality of the two manufacturers was compared
CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRONIC WASTE MATERIALS BY INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS FOR CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIAL PRODUCTION
Get PDFRecycling of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment provides an accessible source to gather Technology Critical Elements which are in constant need. The main metrological challenge consists in the lack of Certified Reference Materials for this kind of matrices impeding to perform SI traceable and reliable analytical measurements on those heterogeneous materials. This work describes the adoption of relative- and k0-standardization of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis to quantify some of the Technology Critical Elements for certification in two Reference Material candidates
Biodegradable zein-based biocomposite films for underwater delivery of curcumin reduce thermal stress effects in corals
Get PDFCellular Contact Guidance on Liquid Crystalline Networks with Anisotropic Roughness
Get PDF: Cell contact guidance is widely employed to manipulate cell alignment and differentiation in vitro. The use of nano- or micro-patterned substrates allows efficient control of cell organization, thus opening up to biological models that cannot be reproduced spontaneously on standard culture dishes. In this paper, we explore the concept of cell contact guidance by Liquid Crystalline Networks (LCNs) presenting different surface topographies obtained by self-assembly of the monomeric mixture. The materials are prepared by photopolymerization of a low amount of diacrylate monomer dissolved in a liquid crystalline solvent, not participating in the reaction. The alignment of the liquid crystals, obtained before polymerization, determines the scaffold morphology, characterized by a nanometric structure. Such materials are able to drive the organization of different cell lines, e.g., fibroblasts and myoblasts, allowing for the alignment of single cells or high-density cell cultures. These results demonstrate the capabilities of rough surfaces prepared from the spontaneous assembly of liquid crystals to control biological models without the need of lithographic patterning or complex fabrication procedures. Interestingly, during myoblast differentiation, also myotube structuring in linear arrays is observed along the LCN fiber orientation. The implementation of this technology will open up to the formation of muscular tissue with well-aligned fibers in vitro mimicking the structure of native tissues
Evaluation of the uncertainty of coordinate measurements based on the formula for EL,MPE
Get PDFThe methodology of evaluating the uncertainty of coordinate measurements,
developed at ATH (University of Bielsko-Biała) and verified within the EUCoM
project, is presented, in which the only information about the accuracy of the
CMM used is the formula for EL,MPE. The measurement models used for
individual characteristics are derived from distance point-point, point-straight
line, point-plane and straight line-straight line formulae. Information about the
shape and dimensions of the measured workpiece is in the form of the minimum
number of appropriately distributed points needed to define individual
characteristics. The measurement model is a formula expressing the measured
characteristics as a function of the differences in the coordinates of the
characteristic points. The GUM uncertainty framework is used to propagate
individual uncertainty components. Two models and example uncertainty
budget is presented
EFFECTS OF STRESS-STRAIN DATA SYNCHRONISATION ERRORS ON THE DETERMINATION OF YOUNG’S MODULUS OF HARD AND SOFT MATERIALS IN MATERIAL TESTING MACHINES
Get PDFRealizing the redefined kelvin: Extending the life of the ITS-90
Get PDFFollowing the redefinition of the kelvin [1,2], the user is presented with a more nuanced traceability choice through the mise en pratique for the definition of the kelvin (MeP-K-19) [3]. Here we describe research to address several present and potential shortcomings with the current main dissemination route, namely using the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) [4]. The ITS-90 has served the global temperature measurement community well, providing reliable, low uncertainty traceability for over 30 years. However, there are some potentially life-limiting issues for the ITS-90. Among these are the impact of the main types (1 and 3) of non-uniqueness which currently limit the uncertainties achievable with the ITS-90, and the need to identify a possible alternative to the mercury triple point (a key fixed point of the ITS-90) whose use could be banned by an international treaty [5]. Progress in addressing these problems will be described through: • New determinations of Type 3 non-uniqueness have been undertaken in the range -189 °C to 156 °C; • A comprehensive evaluation of Type 1 non-uniqueness on a large number of Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (SPRTs) across multiple regions; • Comparison of high temperature SPRTs in pressure-controlled heat pipes to characterize Type 3 non-uniqueness between 660.323 °C and 961.78 °C; • New designs of CO2 and SF6 cells for use with long-stem SPRTs. These have been improved by using purer gases and more stable and uniform temperature-controlled baths, and by the development of a flexible set-up that can accommodate both capsule and long-stem SPRTs. The effect of replacing mercury on the ITS-90 interpolating equations and uncertainty propagation is also being investigated. References [1] https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure [2] G. Machin, The kelvin redefined, Meas. Sci. Technol. 29 022001 (11pp) (2018) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa9ddb [3] B. Fellmuth, J. Fischer, G. Machin, S. Picard, P.P.M. Steur, O. Tamura, D.R. White, H. Yoon, The kelvin redefinition and its mise en pratique, Phil. Trans R. Soc. A., 374 (2064) (2016), p. 20150037, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0037 [4] Real-K project website: https://real-k.aalto.fi/ [5] The use of mercury, even for scientific purposes, could be severely restricted or even banned by international convention (UN Minamata Convention on Mercury which introduces controls over a myriad of products containing mercury)
Internal reflections and nonlinear effects interplay in non-ideal JTWPA
No full textThe paper investigates the interplay of nonlinear effects with the non-ideal transmission properties of a Josephson Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA). Experimental characterization using a microwave and DC cryogenic setup reveals periodic transmission modulation linked to the tuning of the Josephson inductances embedded in the line. The effects of impedance matching and resonant parametric down-conversion (PDC) are observed on a broadband scale, and the impact of design parameters and fabrication issues on device performance is analyzed. These findings contribute to the optimizing techniques for JTWPA devices, advancing quantum-limited amplifiers