Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica
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Green Methods for the Fabrication of Graphene Oxide Membranes: From Graphite to Membranes
Get PDFGraphene oxide (GO) has shown great potential as a membrane material due to its unique properties, including high mechanical strength, excellent thermal stability, versatility, tunability, and outperforming molecular sieving capabilities. GO membranes can be used in a wide range of applications, such as water treatment, gas separation, and biological applications. However, the large-scale production of GO membranes currently relies on energy-intensive chemical methods that use hazardous chemicals, leading to safety and environmental concerns. Therefore, more sustainable and greener approaches to GO membrane production are needed. In this review, several strategies proposed so far are analyzed, including a discussion on the use of eco-friendly solvents, green reducing agents, and alternative fabrication techniques, both for the preparation of the GO powders and their assembly in membrane form. The characteristics of these approaches aiming to reduce the environmental impact of GO membrane production while maintaining the performance, functionality, and scalability of the membrane are evaluated. In this context, the purpose of this work is to shed light on green and sustainable routes for GO membranes’ production. Indeed, the development of green approaches for GO membrane production is crucial to ensure its sustainability and promote its widespread use in various industrial application fields
Improvement of Hyperthermia Properties of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Surface Coating
Get PDFMagnetic hyperthermia is an oncological therapy that exploits magnetic nanoparticles activated by radiofrequency magnetic fields to produce a controlled temperature increase in a diseased tissue. The specific loss power (SLP) of magnetic nanoparticles or the capability to release heat can be improved using surface treatments, which can reduce agglomeration effects, thus impacting on local magnetostatic interactions. In this work, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized via a coprecipitation reaction and fully characterized in terms of structural, morphological, dimensional, magnetic, and hyperthermia properties (under the Hergt- Dutz limit). Different types of surface coatings are tested, comparing their impact on the heating efficacy and colloidal stability, resulting that sodium citrate leads to a doubling of the SLP with a substantial improvement in dispersion and stability in solution over time; an SLP value of around 170 W/g is obtained in this case for a 100 kHz and 48 kA/m magnetic field
Development of a PJVS System for Quantum-Based Sampled Power Measurements
Get PDFThe paper deals with recent progresses at INRiM towards the development and characterization of a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) operating in a small liquid helium dewar as well as with its integration for the realization of a practical quantum sampling electrical power standard. The
PJVS is based on a 1V superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) binary-divided array of 8192 Josephson junctions. To ensure proper operating conditions of the PJVS chip, a custom short cryoprobe was designed, built and successfully tested. The overall system is being developed in the framework of EMPIR project 19RPT01-QuantumPower. The goal is to establish a new quantum power standard (QPS) based on a single Josephson voltage standard for sampled power measurements and to gain confidence
in running PJVS for precise calibration of digital sampling multimeters and arbitrary waveform digitizers used in the ac-voltage and power metrology community
Improving valuable metals recycling: best digestion method for retrieving Technology Critical Elements
Get PDFThe role of influence coefficients in hardness measurements: A case study in Rockwell hardness measurements
No full textIn the field of hardness measurements, a problem arises when trying to understand the effect of different measurement parameters (i.e. speed of the indenter, force, thermal drift) on the measurement itself. Since the mathematical models defining hardness scales do not consider such factors, additional influence parameters are introduced linearly via influence coefficients, obtained experimentally and thus characterized by uncertainties. However, uncertainties of the influence coefficients have never been considered in the evaluation of the com-bined standard uncertainty of hardness measurements. In this paper, the law of propagation of uncertainty is applied taking into account the uncertainty contribu-tions of the influence coefficients. We apply such a procedure to a case study that shows how the presented method can be used to determine the tolerance limits of the testing cycle parameters given in the related standards and verify that the actual tolerances assure hardness variations inside the expected uncertainty of the method
Quantum Monte Carlo study of the role of p-wave interactions in ultracold repulsive Fermi gases
Get PDFOptically detected magnetic resonance with an open source platform
No full textLocalized electronic spins in solid-state environments form versatile and robust platforms for quantum sensing, metrology and quantum information processing. With optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), it is possible to prepare and readout highly coherent spin systems, up to room temperature, with orders of magnitude enhanced sensitivities and spatial resolutions compared to induction-based techniques, allowing for single spin manipulations. While ODMR was first observed in organic molecules, many other systems have since then been identified. Among them is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, which is used both as a nanoscale quantum sensor for external fields and as a spin qubit. Other systems permitting ODMR are rare earth ions used as quantum memories and many other color centers trapped in bulk or 2-dimensional host materials. In order to allow the broadest possible community of researchers and engineers to investigate and develop novel ODMR-based materials and applications, we review here the setting up of ODMR experiments using commercially available hardware. We also present in detail the dedicated collaborative open-source interface named Qudi and describe the features we added to speed-up data acquisition, relax instrument requirements and extend its applicability to ensemble measurements. Covering both hardware and software development, this article aims to overview the setting of ODMR experiments and provide an efficient, portable and collaborative interface to implement innovative experiments to optimize the development time of ODMR experiments for scientists of any backgrounds
Use of bioresorbable fibers for interstitial time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy using fast-gating
Get PDFBioresorbable materials have gained interest for implantable optical components such as fibers for medical devices
and have been demonstrated as suitable to perform diffuse optical measurements. In this work, we demonstrate
interstitial, broadband, time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy measurements using bioresorbable fibers, by
employing a single-photon avalanche diode operated in an ultrafast time-gate mode for photon detection. Using
tissue equivalent liquid phantoms, we test the system absorption linearity as per the MEDPHOT protocol and
demonstrate the scattering independent absorption retrieval of the water spectrum in the 600-920 nm range.
Consequently, we also attempt to distinguish the spectral changes due to the presence of optically denser speck
inclusion in a tissue equivalent liquid phantom
An Overview on Transport Phenomena within Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Their Impact on the Performance and Durability of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Get PDFThe nature of the electrode-electrolyte interface has an impact on the performance and durability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The initial electrolyte's thermodynamic instability at the anode-electrolyte interface in LIBs results in the formation of a passivation layer, called solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The initial dense and intact layer allows Li+ transport and restricts electron tunneling, thus preventing electrolyte decomposition and ensuring the electrochemical stability of a battery. However, the growth of this layer can reduce the availability of active lithium and electrolyte, and ultimately lead to an irreversible battery capacity fade. Investigating the transport phenomena of lithium ions within SEI is crucial for understanding its formation and growth. Nonetheless, accurately describing all relevant mechanisms is challenging due to its complex and multiscale nature. An overview of current computational efforts to study Li+ transport within SEI is given in this article, ranging from electronic/atomistic scale simulations to macroscopic models. The drawbacks and advantages of the proposed numerical approaches are summarized along with the obstacles that need to be overcome to obtain accurate experimental data, identified on the basis of the most recent literature evidence. We highlight collaboration gaps between modeling and experimental approaches, as well as the urgent need for new multiscale models, to gain a better understanding of such a crucial transport phenomenon