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Comparison of gravimetry and dynamic dilution for the generation of reference gas mixtures of CO2 at atmospheric amount fraction
Get PDFCarbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas generated by human activities. Its concentration has been growing in the atmosphere reaching a current annual average of 410 μmol mol-1. Reliable determinations of the atmospheric CO2 concentration are of great importance for the development of models used in climate change predictions. The production of reference mixtures of known composition is a key step for the achievement of reliable data for the monitoring of greenhouse gases in atmosphere.
The present work deals with a comparison of two methods for gas mixtures preparation, the first based on the gravimetric preparation of gas mixtures in high pressure cylinders and the second based on dynamic dilution, for generating gas mixtures at the desired amount fraction online.
Reference mixtures of CO2 can be used for the calibration of monitoring sensors, with various applications ranging from environmental monitoring to industrial process control
Comparison between the 5960A Fluke and the Ar-IMGC system for the realization of the triple-point of Argon at INRiM
No full textIn 2018 a new cryostat (Ar-Fluke) for the realization of the triple-point of the argon, a defining fixed point of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90), was acquired at INRiM. The new system, manufactured by Fluke, was intended to substitute the current National reference, a model developed at BNM-INM in the 1975 (Ar-IMGC). The Fluke system has many advantages over the other system, such as the possibility to calibrate four long-stem Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (SPRTs) simultaneously and to have much longer plateau, so reducing the time for customer’s calibration.
This technical report describes the working principle and the typical phase transitions obtained with the two argon systems. Then, the result of the direct comparison between the two systems is reported.
A complete uncertainty budget was evaluated, for the first time, for the new Ar-Fluke system and compared with that of the National standard
Disentangling electric field effect on spin waves in ferromagnetic insulators
No full textIn this paper we extend the micromagnetic theory of magnetostatic surface waves in insulating ferromagnetic thin films to include the applied electric field effects. We start by identifying the two main effects on the dispersion relation: the first one is of relativistic nature and emerges as a consequence of the Aharonov-Casher effect, while the second one is a consequence of the electric field induced symmetry breaking operating at the level of magnetic exchange interactions. We support our theory by comparing its predictions with experimental data on ittrium iron garnet thin films taken from the literature. The main result is to evidence the limitations of using the same value of the applied electric field to address both effects and to emphasize that crystal symmetry breaking due to the applied electric field brings about the contributions of the crystal field and determines different amplitudes for the two effects
High-performance novel asymmetric MXene@CNT//N-doped CNT flexible hybrid device with large working voltage for energy storage
No full textWe developed a novel fiber-shaped supercapacitor based on a hybrid MXene@CNT//N-doped CNT device. In particular, for the first time, electrophoretically deposited Ti3C2Tx MXenes on carbon nanotube yarns and microwave-assisted nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube yarns are proposed as negative and positive electrodes, respectively. Short-circuit encountered during cell assembly was prevented entirely by coating a reproducible polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane directly on the electrodes. Based on the developed electrodes, the assembled cell exhibited a large operating voltage window of up to 2.0 V in a diluted 0.5 M H2SO4 liquid electrolyte. The device displayed excellent stability over 5000 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100 %. The device withstood a floating test for 70 h with approximately 100 % capacity retention and exhibited excellent resistance to mechanical stress. Areal energy density as high as 298.5 mu Wh cm-2 was recorded for a power density value of 855.5 mu W.cm- 2 at an areal current value of 0.5 mA cm-2. At a high current density of 10 mA cm-2, the energy density remained high at 99.0 mu Wh cm-2 for a corresponding power density of 8.11 mW cm-2. The reported values rank among the highest obtained for carbon nanotubes-based wired-shaped super -capacitors and show the potential of this flexible wired-shaped hybrid energy storage unit as a wearable device
MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY: INTRODUCING NEW TRAINING MATERIAL AND A EUROPEAN TEACHERS’ COMMUNITY
Get PDFTuning of surface chemical and optical properties of nanodiamonds for biosensing and drug delivery applications
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USE OF THERMAL IMAGERS TO PERFORM TRACEABLE NON-CONTACT SCREENING OF HUMAN BODY TEMPERATURE
No full textThe European GeoMetre project: developing enhanced large-scale dimensional metrology for geodesy
No full textWe provide a survey on the joint European research project “GeoMetre”, which explores novel technologies and their inclusion to existing surveying strategies to improve the traceability of geodetic reference frames to the SI definition of the metre. This work includes the development of novel distance meters with a range of up to 5 km, the realisation of optical multilateration systems for large structure monitoring at an operation distance of 50 m and beyond, and a novel strategy for GNSS-based distance determination. Different methods for refractivity compensation, based on classical sensors, on dispersion, on spectroscopic thermometry, and on the speed of sound to reduce the meteorological uncertainties in precise distance measurements, are developed further and characterised. These systems are validated at and applied to the novel European standard baseline EURO5000 at the Pieniny Kippen Belt, Poland, which was completely refurbished and intensely studied in this project. We use our novel instruments for a reduced uncertainty of the scale in the surveillance networks solutions for local tie measurements at space-geodetic co-location stations. We also investigate novel approaches like close-range photogrammetry to reference point determination of space-geodetic telescopes. Finally, we also investigate the inclusion of the local gravity field to consider the deviations of the vertical in the data analysis and to reduce the uncertainty of coordinate transformations in this complex problem