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Certificazione grandezza “Parametri S”. Programma di elaborazione dei dati grezzi di misura e relative incertezze, per la produzione dei Certificati di Taratura
No full textQuesto rapporto tecnico descrive il funzionamento e la validazione dei 4 programmi excel da utilizzare per l’elaborazione dei dati grezzi di misura della grandezza “Parametri S”, nelle connessioni “N”, “3.5mm”, “2.92mm” e “2.4mm”. L’elaborazione determina il valor medio di 4 misurazioni del dispositivo, calcola l’incertezza finale della misura e prepara le tabelle dei dati da inserire nei Certificati di Taratura.
Per quanto riguarda l’incertezza finale, il calcolo tiene conto del contributo della ripetibilità delle misure e del confronto con le CMC INRIM dichiarate al BIPM (CIPM-MRA) o quelle
con copertura ILAC-P10, applicando l’interpolazione dei dati di incertezza dichiarati nelle CMC per la determinazione dei valori intermedi.
Per quanto riguarda i dati da inserire nei Certificati di Taratura, il programma genera due tabelle, una con la rappresentazione dei dati in forma di numero complesso (Reale e Immaginario) e l’altra in forma di Modulo lineare e Fase per i parametri di Riflessione e Modulo logaritmico (dB) e Fase per i parametri di Trasmissione.
I programmi coprono il campo di frequenza da 9 kHz a 50 GHz e permettono l’inserimento di 500 punti di frequenza.This technical report describes the functioning and validation of the 4 excel programs to be used for the processing of the raw measurement data of the quantity "Scattering Parameters", in the connections "N", "3.5mm", "2.92mm" and "2.4mm”. The processing determines the average value of 4 device measurements, calculates the final measurement uncertainty and prepares the data tables to be included in the Calibration Certificates.
Concerning the final uncertainty, the calculation takes into account the contribution of the repeatability of the measurements and the comparison with the INRIM CMCs declared to the BIPM (CIPM-MRA) or those with ILAC-P10 coverage, applying the interpolation of the uncertainty data declared in the CMC for the determination of the intermediate values.
For what concerns data needed for the Calibration Certificates, the programs generate two tables, one with the representation of the data in the form of a complex number (Real and Imaginary) and the other in the form of Linear Modulus and Phase for the Reflection parameters and Logarithmic Modulus (dB) and Phase for the Transmit parameters.
The programs cover the frequency range from 9 kHz to 50 GHz and allow the entry of 500 frequency points
Recent progress in organic-based radiative cooling materials: fabrication methods and thermal management properties
Get PDFOrganic-based materials capable of radiative cooling have attracted widespread interest in recent years due to their ease of engineering and good adaptability to different application scenarios. As a cooling material for walls, clothing, and electronic devices, these materials can reduce the energy consumption load of air conditioning, improve thermal comfort, and reduce carbon emissions. In this paper, an overview is given of the current fabrication strategies of organic-based radiative cooling materials, and of their properties. The methods and joint thermal management strategies including evaporative cooling, phase-change materials, fluorescence, and light-absorbing materials that have been demonstrated in conjunction with a radiative cooling function are also discussed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of organic-based radiative cooling, exemplifying the emerging application directions in this field and highlighting promising future research directions in the field
Modeling of Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers
Get PDFThe recent developments in quantum technologies, as well as advanced detection experiments, have raised the need to detect extremely weak signals in the microwave frequency spectrum. To this aim, the Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier, a device capable of reaching the quantum noise limit while providing a wide bandwidth, has been proposed as a suitable cryogenic front-end amplifier. This work deals with the numerical study of a Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier, without approximations regarding the nonlinearity of the key elements. In particular, we focus on the investigation of the system of coupled nonlinear differential equations representing all the cells of the Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier, with proper input and output signals at the boundaries. The investigation of the output signals generated by the parametric amplification process explores the phase-space and the Fourier spectral analysis of the output voltage, as a function of the parameters describing the pump and signal tones that excite the device. Beside the expected behavior, i.e., the signal amplification, we show that, depending on the system operation, unwanted effects (such as pump tone harmonics, incommensurate frequency generation, and noise rise), which are not accounted for in simple linearized approaches, can be generated in the whole nonlinear system
Software implementation for processing and quantitative analysis of surfaces and profiles from profilometry images
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Domain wall statics and dynamics in nanowires with arbitrary Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya tensors
Get PDFThe influence of different Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) tensor components on the static and dynamic properties of domain walls (DWs) in magnetic nanowires is investigated using one-dimensional collective coordinates models and micromagnetic simulations. It is shown how the different contributions of the DMI can be compactly treated by separating the symmetric traceless, antisymmetric, and diagonal components of the DMI tensor. First, we investigate the effect of all different DMI components on the static DW tilting in the presence and absence of in plane (IP) fields. We discuss the possibilities and limitations of this measurement approach for arbitrary DMI tensors. Secondly, the interplay of different DMI tensor components and their effect on the field driven dynamics of the DWs are studied and reveal a nontrivial effect of the Walker breakdown field of the material. It is shown how DMI tensors combining diagonal and off-diagonal elements can lead to a nonlinear enhancement of the Walker field, in contrast with the linear enhancement obtainable in the usual cases (interface DMI or bulk DMI)
Flow leaks normalization
Get PDFFlow leaks are small devices generating a well-determined flow when subject to a pressure differential (feed pressure). Though, they need to be calibrated against a reference flow based on the feed pressure and fluid density through a complex relation derived from the modified Darcy law, therefore results of a calibration performed in a given condition are not necessarily valid when the leak is used in different conditions. In this paper we will describe a correct renormalization of the calibration results allowing to compute precisely the actual flow rate generated by the leak. A mathematical description of the renormalization will be presented and a method for the experimental determination of the permeability will be discussed. It will be shown that the calibration uncertainty can be reduced by applying the correct normalization, and that the in-use uncertainty can be brought to be of the same order of magnitude as the calibration uncertainty
