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A Novel BST@TPU Membrane with Superior UV Durability for Highly Efficient Daytime Radiative Cooling
Get PDFPassive radiative cooling technologies play an integral role in advancing sustainable development. While the potential of polymer-based radiative cooling materials is increasingly recognized, they often degrade under prolonged ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, which undermines both their mechanical and radiative cooling performance. To address this challenge, a coaxial electrospinning method to prepare a BST@TPU membrane, with a core layer of strontium barium titanate nanorods (BST NRs) and a shell layer of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is employed. Capitalizing on the UV absorption and free radical adsorption properties of BST NRs, the UV stability of the TPU membrane is significantly increased. Additionally, the inclusion of high refractive index BST NRs compensates for the decrease in reflectivity caused by their UV absorption. After 216 h of continuous 0.7 kW m−2 UV irradiation, the BST@TPU membrane, which initially exhibits a reflectance of 97.2%, demonstrated a modest decline to 92.1%. Its net radiative cooling power maintains 85.78 W m−2 from the initial of 125.21 W m−2, extending the useful lifetime of the TPU membrane threefold. This innovation extends promise for enhancing the efficiency and durability of radiative cooling materials, contributing to sustainable cooling solutions across various applications
Radiative Cooling Potential of a Water-Based Paint Formulation under Realistic Application Conditions
Get PDFPassive radiative cooling (PRC) technology holds promise to offset a significant fraction of our energy needs and carbon footprint associated with cooling. Among different approaches, paint-like systems present several advantages in terms of cost effectiveness, scalability, and application ease. However, most of the recent paint formulations capable of daytime PRC rely on the use of organic solvents which increase their cost, environmental impact, and safety hazards. Lightweight, water-based formulations are particularly desirable to suppress the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) altogether and expand their applicability. We report on a simple paint mixture, with a solar reflectance of 90% and a thermal emissivity of 95%, comprising a mixture of glass bubbles and PVDF-HFP used directly in its powder form. The paint is tested under conditions relevant for its application in the building sector without sealing it from convection. Depending on the choice of the ambient temperature reference, a material with this degree of solar reflectance is found to exert either vanishing daytime cooling power or up to 100 W m-2, highlighting the importance of rigorous testing and explaining the large performance variations found in the literature for PRC materials with similar spectral properties
Non-self-similar light transport in scattering media
Get PDFTransport processes underpin a wide variety of phenomena, ranging from chemistry, to physics and ecology. Despite their pervasiveness, however, several distinctive features of these processes are still elusive, making it difficult to recognize and classify the associated transport regimes. Using light scattering as a probe to explore different propagation regimes, we report on the experimental observation of non-self-similar light transport through turbid membranes. Our results show that a breakdown of self-similarity can arise for light waves even in the presence of isotropic and homogeneous disorder, and can be tuned by varying the turbidity of the system. By introducing the concept of self-similarity for light propagation, we provide a unified framework for the classification of light transport regimes—overcoming the dichotomy between normal and anomalous diffusion—and show that non-self-similar propagation is a common and experimentally accessible phenomenon. This insight can help to understand and model other scenarios where light transport is dominated by rare propagation events, such as in nonlinear and active media, but also in other fields of research beyond optics
Conferma Metrologica 2024 del Sistema di misura dei Parametri “S” in connessione 2.92mm e nel campo di frequenza da 9 kHz a 3 GHz
Get PDFIn questo rapporto tecnico si descrivono le operazioni di Conferma Metrologica del Sistema di misura dei Parametri “S” in connessione 2.92mm nel campo di frequenza da 9 kHz a 3 GHz. Il risultato di queste operazioni è la determinazione dell’Indice di
Compatibilità che, se ≤ 1 in valore assoluto, valida il sistema di misura INRIM.This technical report describes the operations of Metrological Confirmation for the "S” Parameters measurement system in 2.92mm connection, in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 3 GHz. The result of these operations is the determination of the Compatibility Index which, if ≤ 1 in absolute value, validates the INRIM measurement system
Development of KI-TWPAs for the DARTWARS Project
No full textNoise at the quantum limit over a broad bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for future cryogenic experiments for neutrino mass measurements, dark matter searches, and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements as well as for fast high-fidelity read-out of superconducting qubits. In the last years, Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPA) have demonstrated noise levels close to the quantum limit, but due to their narrow bandwidth, only few detectors or qubits per line can be read out in parallel. An alternative and innovative solution is based on superconducting parametric amplification exploiting the travelling-wave concept. Within the Detector Array Readout with Travelling Wave AmplifieRS (DARTWARS) project, we develop Kinetic Inductance Travelling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (KI-TWPAs) for low temperature detectors and qubit read-out. KI-TWPAs are typically operated in a three-wave mixing (3WM) mode and are characterised by a high gain, a high saturation power, a large amplification bandwidth, and nearly quantum limited noise performance. The goal of the DARTWARS project is to optimise the KI-TWPA design, explore new materials, and investigate alternative fabrication processes in order to enhance the overall performance of the amplifier. In this contribution we present the advancements made by the DARTWARS collaboration to produce a working prototype of a KI-TWPA, from the fabrication to the characterisation
Comprehensive Molecular Profiling of NPM1-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using RNAseq Approach
Get PDFAccreditare le CMM?
Get PDFQuesto articolo vuole ripercorrere gli eventi che portarono ad accreditare in Italia le prove di prestazioni delle CMM secondo la UNI EN ISO 10360-2. L’occasione è quella dello ILC (Inter-Laboratory Comparison) appena organizzato da SA quality for metrology di Stefania Accorsi, di cui lei stessa dà conto nel successivo articolo. Vogliamo qui ripercorrere i risultati di ieri per eventi per comprendere meglio quelli di oggi; ne risulta che, dopo anni e con contesti normativi assai differenti, l’ossatura del lavoro svolto a partire dal 2004, e in particolare lo schema di ILC, è ancora pienamente valido e seguito in quello appena concluso
ILC EM-RF02/2021 Parametri “S” in connessione 3.5mm 100 kHz – 26.5 GHz Rapporto finale
Get PDFQuesto rapporto tecnico presenta i risultati finali di un Confronto Interlaboratorio nell’Area Metrologica Elettricità e Magnetismo – Grandezza: Parametri di Scattering (Parametri “S”) ovvero Coefficiente di Riflessione e Coefficiente di Trasmissione/Attenuazione a radiofrequenza in linea coassiale con connettori di tipo “3.5mm” nel campo di frequenza da 100 kHz a 26,5 GHz, codice Identificativo ILC: EM-RF02/2021.
Si tratta di un confronto nazionale di misura (ILC) in accordo con la norma EN ISO/IEC 17043:2010, effettuato nell’anno 2021 e destinato a tre Laboratori nazionali (LAT), due dei quali con sistema di misura accreditato ed il terzo con sistema di misura
non accreditato.This technical report outlines the conclusive findings from an Interlaboratory Comparison within the Electricity and Magnetism Metrological Area. The focus was on Scattering Parameters ("S" Parameters), encompassing Reflection Coefficient and Radio Frequency Transmission/Attenuation Coefficient, measured in coaxial lines with "3.5mm" type connectors across the frequency spectrum of 100 kHz to 26,5 GHz. The assigned ILC identification code is EM-RF02/2021.
Conducted in 2021, this national measurement comparison (ILC) adheres to the EN ISO/IEC 17043:2010 standard. It involved three national laboratories (LAT), two of which with an accredited measurement system and the third with an unaccredited measurement system
Use of bioresorbable fibers for short-wave infrared spectroscopy using time-domain diffuse optics
Get PDFWe demonstrate the usability of bioresorbable phosphate glass fibers for time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (TD-DOS) in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) region of 950-1600 nm, with the use of an InGaAs detector. Bioresorbable fibers for diffuse optics present an exciting prospect due to their ability to be left implanted while retrieving optical properties from deeper regions (few cm) for monitoring treatments. Extending TD-DOS to the SWIR region could be useful to better identify biomarkers such as water, lipids and collagen, given their increase in absorption in this range. We attempt to use the bioresorbable fibers to spectrally identify these biomarkers by measuring a series of biological samples known to contain them, such as porcine muscle, porcine fat and bone. We further validate our measurements by comparing the optical properties of high-scattering solid silicone phantoms retrieved with these bioresorbable fibers with those by a standard Si fiber
Development of Superconducting Single-Particle Detector Transition-Edge Sensor
Get PDFThis thesis presents the development and advancement of superconducting singleparticle
detectors, specifically Transition-Edge Sensors (TESs), focusing on enhancing
their performance for various scientific fields. TESs are highly sensitive
microcalorimeters capable of detecting radiation across a wide spectrum, from submillimeter
wavelengths to gamma rays, due to their intrinsic energy resolution. They
are also known for their near-unit system detection efficiency, low dark count rate
and photon-number resolution capabilities. This work was conducted at the Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), the National Metrology Institute of Italy,
where I worked in the Innovative Cryogenic Detectors Laboratory using TES devices
fabricated at QR Laboratories, a micro and nanofabrication lab.
The primary motivation for this research is to improve TES performance to
enhance their use in physical and metrological experiments. Among these is the
PontCorvo Tritium Observatory for Light, Early-Universe, Massive-neutrino Yield
(PTOLEMY) experiment, which seeks to detect the Cosmic Neutrino Background
(CNB). TES devices with an energy resolution of 0.11 eV are required to detect electrons
produced by CNB via neutrino captures on beta-unstable nuclides, providing
insights into the early universe and the nature of neutrinos. Two TiAu TES, with
areas of 20 μm × 20 μm and 50 μm × 50 μm, were characterized, achieving energy
resolutions of 0.114 eV and 0.158 eV, respectively. These results are particularly
noteworthy as they match state-of-the-art energy resolutions reported in the literature
but with TES devices of significantly larger area. This advancement is critical for the
PTOLEMY project because it facilitates the implementation of large-area detectors
based on an array of TESs.
Moreover, this thesis demonstrates the first detection of electrons with kinetic
energy in the 100 eV range using a TES. This was achieved with a 100 μm × 100 μm
TiAu TES. Electrons were produced directly in the cryostat by a cold-cathode source
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based on field emission from vertically-aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes. The
energy resolution obtained for fully-absorbed electrons in the (90−101) eV energy
range was between 1.8 eV and 4 eV, compatible with the resolution for photons
in the same energy range. This measurement opens new possibilities in electron
detection, crucial for PTOLEMY, where TES devices must detect electrons with
high precision, but also in electron spectroscopy.
The Quantum Haloscope Search experiment (QHaloS) aims to search for light
dark matter in the form of dark photons using a dielectric haloscope equipped with a
TES for photon detection. This innovative detector aims to convert non-relativistic
dark photons into Standard Model photons, which are then detected by the TES. Since
the experiment searches for rare events, it requires a detector with high efficiency
and low dark count rate (DCR). We characterized the intrinsic DCR of a TiAu TES
having an area of 20 μm × 20 μm, finding it to be 3.6×10−4 Hz in the 0.8 eV to
3.2 eV range. Furthermore, a deeper study was conducted to categorize the types of
dark counts in TES to improve its use in the experiment.
The Single and Entangled Photon Sources for Quantum Metrology (SEQUME)
project aims to develop high-purity single-photon sources and high-efficiency entangledphoton
sources for quantum-enhanced measurements in quantum metrology. A TES
with high efficiency is crucial for characterizing these single-photon sources. The results
for the SEQUME project were obtained at the PTB in Braunschweig (Germany)
during a four-month period abroad in my third year of PhD. In this thesis I present
the measurement on a TiAu TES fabricated at AIST (Japan) with a system detection
efficiency of 98%, a significant milestone for the SEQUME project’s objectives.
Finally, the thesis describes preliminary results on the development of TES with
fast recovery time to enhance operation above 1 MHz. Two distinct approaches are
presented: one involving the use of Al TES with a high critical temperature, and the
second utilizing Au pads to increase thermal conductance.
Overall, this thesis encompasses the development, characterization and application
of advanced TES devices, significantly contributing to their potential use
in metrological and fundamental physics research, pushing the boundaries of their
performance