Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica
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Thermal hysteresis of travelling inductance standards
No full textThe international comparison CCEM-K3.2018 "Inductance at 10 mH and 1 kHz" is under preparation. To verify the uncertainty claims of the participant institutes, travelling standards of unprecedented level of stability are required. INRIM and PTB characterised several General Radio 1482 inductance standards versus large temperature steps that may occur during air carrier transportation. This work reports on the unexpected thermal hysteresis manifested by these standards which may impact on the uncertainty of the reference value of the K3 comparison
Active Energy Meters Tested in Realistic Non-Sinusoidal Conditions Recorded on the Field and Reproduced in Laboratory
Get PDFMetrological characterisation of static energy meters under realistic low power quality
conditions is a basic requirement for proper grid control and fair energy billing. The paper reports about a new proposed methodology, where the meters are tested under conditions directly recorded at installation sites. The waveforms of voltages and currents are sampled using a portable instrument; they are reproduced in laboratory conditions with a phantom power generator, with a bandwidth covering up to the 40th harmonic. The recording site is a photovoltaic energy production facility,
having a a nominal power of 50kW, at the coupling section to the grid. These waveforms were then reproduced in the laboratory, and tested on different models of single- and three-phase commercial static energy meters; the models chosen represent both energy meters used by energy providers at the point of common-coupling, and also meters typically used for in-line monitoring by end users. The quantity of interest is the reading error of the easured energy, when tested with the conditions reproduced from the on-field Measurements, in comparison with a reference meter. All tested energy meter models comply with the present international documentary standards, which require tests under low power quality conditions; nevertheless, there are models that show unacceptable errors (up to 25%) in the measurement of active energy when tested with the on-field ecorded waveforms. This suggests that the standardised testing waveforms might, in some cases, be not fully representative of the actual conditions encountered in the field
Evaluation of the highest temperature WMO region VI Europe (continental): 48.8°C, Siracusa Sicilia, Italy on August 11, 2021
Get PDFA maximum temperature of 48.8°C (119.8°F) was purportedly recorded for the automated station in Siracusa (Syracuse) Contrada Monasteri, on the island of Sicilia (Sicily) Italy on August 11, 2021. A World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ad hoc evaluation committee was assembled to assess the possibility that the Sicilia temperature was the highest recorded temperature in WMO Region VI (continental only). After a detailed review of the site considerations and of the regional synoptic weather conditions, combined with detailed sensor testing and calibration by the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), the WMO evaluation committee concluded (and the Rapporteur accepted) that (1) on August 11, 2021 the high temperature recorded for the automated station in Siracusa C. da Monasteri, did reach a maximum value of 48.8°C (119.8°F), (2) that temperature is recommended to be listed as the WMO official “highest recorded temperature in WMO Region VI (continental only)” and (3) although, as the INRiM testing established, the recorded value of 48.8°C is actually an underestimate of the temperature, the committee recommend that the recorded (likely conservative) value of 48.8°C be the value listed in the Archive. An arbitrated archive of current weather and climate extremes is one means of ensuring that we have the best possible data for climate change analysis and public dissemination
T-matrix representation of optical scattering response: Suggestion for a data format
Get PDFThe transition matrix, frequently abbreviated as T-matrix, contains the complete information in a linear approximation of how a spatially localized object scatters an incident field. The T-matrix is used to study the scattering response of an isolated object and describes the optical response of complex photonic materials made from ensembles of individual objects. T-matrices of certain common structures, potentially, have been repeatedly calculated all over the world again and again. This is not necessary and constitutes a major challenge for various reasons. First, the resources spent on their computation represent an unsustainable financial and ecological burden. Second, with the onset of machine learning, data is the gold of our era, and it should be freely available to everybody to address novel scientific challenges. Finally, the possibility of reproducing simulations could tremendously improve if the considered T-matrices could be shared. To address these challenges, we found it important to agree on a common data format for T-matrices and to enable their collection from different sources and distribution. This document aims to develop the specifications for storing T-matrices and associated metadata. The specifications should allow maximum freedom to accommodate as many use cases as possible without introducing any ambiguity in the stored data. The common format will assist in setting up a public database of T-matrices
Micromagnetic simulations for local phase control of propagating spin waves through voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy
Get PDFSpin waves, known for their ability to propagate without the involvement of moving charges, hold immense promise for on-chip information transfer and processing, offering a path toward post-CMOS computing technologies. This study investigates the potential synergy between propagating Damon-Eshbach spin waves and voltage-controlled magnetization in the pursuit of environmentally sustainable computing solutions. Employing micromagnetic simulations, we assess the feasibility of utilizing spin waves in DE mode in conjunction with localized voltage-induced alterations in surface anisotropy to enable low-energy logic operations. Our findings underscore the critical importance of selecting an optimal excitation frequency and gate width, which significantly influence the efficiency of the phase shift induced in propagating spin waves. Notably, we demonstrate that a realistic phase shift of 2.5 [pi mrad] can be achieved at a Co(5 nm)/MgO material system via the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect. Moreover, by tuning the excitation frequency, Co layer thickness, gate width, and carefully selecting the dielectric layer, we extrapolate the potential to enhance the phase shift by a factor of 200 when compared to MgO dielectrics. This research contributes valuable insights toward developing next-generation computing technologies with reduced energy consumption. (c) 2024 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Precision spectroscopy and frequency determination of the hyperfine components of the P(63) 4-4 transition of molecular iodine near 652 nm
Get PDFWe report the observation of the hyperfine spectrum of the weak P(63) 4-4 line of the B-X electronic transition of molecular iodine 127I2 near 652.4 nm, using frequency-modulated saturated absorption spectroscopy. Through the precise measurements of the absolute frequencies of hyperfine components, we estimate electric quadrupole and magnetic spin-rotation constants. Additionally, we determine the center of gravity of the P(63) transition of the 4-4 vibrational band, resulting in a 250-fold improvement in the precision of its position. We also note an interesting overlap of the hyperfine transitions of the P(63)4-4 line with the UV 1S0–3P1 narrow intercombination transition of cadmium atoms, which occurs near the second harmonic of the master laser radiation, corresponding to 326.2 nm. This study contributes to updating the iodine atlas, improving the precision of the empirical formulae, and providing an important frequency reference for precision spectroscopy of the narrow intercombination transition of atomic cadmium
Development and application of a comprehensive measurement equation for the direct comparator standardization method of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
Get PDFA comprehensive model equation for the measurement of elemental mass fractions in solid materials using the direct standardization method of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis was developed. The extensive modelling established for the single comparator standardization was revised and changed for the direct standardization to obtain a complete mathematical description of the measurand by physical and chemical quantities having dimensions in SI units. The model equation is presented both in case measurement and standard samples are measured in the same γ-counting position and in different γ-counting positions. The first was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of As mass fraction in a seafood matrix with a percent level relative uncertainty. The SI traceability of the result is established by a traceable standard via the measurement equation and the uncertainty budget compiled to highlight the input quantities that contribute most to the combined uncertainty
Climatological reference stations: Definitions and requirements
Get PDFGround-based stations are one of many observing systems contributing to the generation of data to evaluate climate trends and variations locally and globally. Networks of stations are made of various numbers of observing sites, equipped with different typologies and varieties of instruments, differently managed and maintained. Among such networks a limited number of stations are required as a reference, to provide top quality traceable measurements and as the top level of a tiered approach; it is these stations which are here designated as Climatological Reference Stations (CRS). At present, there is no agreed definition of the key instrumental and technical features of a CRS, nor are there defined reference measurement procedures. This leads to the situation of a multitude of approaches among different National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs), research institutes and other agencies that reduces the comparability of results in space and in time. The lack of CRSs, moreover, is a major contributor to the huge efforts required to harmonize data and detect biases locally, regionally and globally, as in their absence there is a need to fall back on other stations which are more likely to have such biases. This article reports on the outcomes of the work of a group of experts, nominated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Climatology (CCI), tasked to promote a standardized and agreed concept about the definitions, specifications and technical characteristics of climate reference data and stations for ground-based networks, with the addition of a practical example of climatological reference station installed in the framework of an European funded project, with the purpose of comparing and confirming the prescribed characteristics and guidance, with respect to practical field use and available instrumentation. The adoption of a unique definition and prescription on the technical setup, measurement procedures and uncertainty evaluation will substantially progress towards a common approach in detecting climate trends. This will improve data comparability in space and time and allow a more robust understanding of climate evolution locally and globally
Project activity and management report - M12
No full textThe Project Activity and Management Report provides an overview of the QUANTIFY project’s
progress, achievements, and organizational aspects for the reporting period. This deliverable
summarizes the status and developments within each WP, highlighting milestones reached, tasks
completed, and any deviations from the planned schedule. In addition, it outlines key management
and coordination efforts, resource allocation, risk mitigation strategies, and overall consortium
performance. By integrating both technical and administrative details, the report serves as a
comprehensive reference for partners, stakeholders, and funding bodies, ensuring transparency and
informed decision-making throughout the project’s lifecycle