Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica
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Development and application of reference and routine analytical methods providing SI-traceable results for the determination of technology-critical elements in PCB from WEEE
Get PDFThe recovery and reprocessing of technology-critical elements (TCE) present in printed circuit boards (PCB) from electrical and electronic waste is essential both for recycling valuable materials subject to supply risk and for reducing the environmental impact. Although the quantitative knowledge of TCE amounts in end-of-life PCB plays a key role, there are neither matrix certified reference materials nor harmonized analytical methods available to establish the traceability of the results to the International System of Units. To fill these gaps, we developed and applied five reference analytical methods based on ICP-MS standard addition calibrations and INAA k0- and relative calibrations suitable to certify reference materials. In addition, we developed and tested six analytical methods based on more commonly used ICP-MS external standard calibrations to provide industry with routine analysis methods. Twenty TCE (Ag, Au, Co, Cu, Dy, Ga, Gd, Ge, In, La, Li, Nd, Ni, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rh, Sm, Ta and Ti) were selected as target analytes and a batch of powdered PCB was used as measurement material. An overall mutual agreement was observed among data collected by reference methods at a few percent relative uncertainty levels. Moreover, all but one of the methods developed for routine analysis demonstrated their suitability in industrial applications by producing data within ± 20% of the values established with reference methods
Il progetto QuAHMET, Quantum anomalous Hall effect materials and devices for metrology: attività all'INRIM
Get PDFYear-long optical time scale with sub-nanosecond capabilities
Get PDFAn atomic time scale is a method for marking events and the passage of time by using atomic frequency standards. Thanks to the superior performance of atomic clocks based on optical transitions, time scales generated with optical clocks have the potential to be more accurate and stable than those based on microwave clocks. In this work, we demonstrate an experimental optical time scale based on the INRiM Yb optical lattice clock and a hydrogen maser as a flywheel oscillator, showing sub-nanosecond accuracy over months-long periods and nanosecond accuracy over a 1-year period. The obtained results show that optical time scales have competitive performances even when the optical clock has a limited and non-uniformly distributed up-time. Consequently, we are working to include the Yb clock within the ensemble of clocks routinely used for the generation of the Italian time scale. Furthermore, these results represent a crucial step towards the future redefinition of the second of the International System of Units based on an optical transition. (c) 2024 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreemen
Light-field ghost imaging
Get PDFTechniques based on classical and quantum correlations in light beams, such as ghost imaging, allow us to overcome many limitations of conventional imaging and sensing protocols. Despite their advantages, applications of such techniques are often limited in practical scenarios where the position and the longitudinal extension of the target object are unknown. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an imaging technique, named light-field ghost imaging, that exploits light correlations and light-field imaging principles to enable going beyond the limitations of ghost imaging in a wide range of applications. Notably, our technique removes the requirement to have prior knowledge of the object distance, allowing the possibility of refocusing in postprocessing, as well as performing three-dimensional imaging while retaining all the benefits of ghost imaging protocols
Implementation of dissemination of unit of mass in emerging mass laboratories
Get PDFAs industrial and technological requirements have increased in recent years, the reliable and effective dissemination of the unit of mass became more critical for laboratories where these techniques are not applied. The EMPIR project “Improvements of the realisation of the mass scale” addressed needs of the emerging mass laboratories. As part of the implementation of the dissemination techniques, two case studies were conducted. Initial case study shows the initial implementation was successful in terms of agreement of the measured values with already known information. Follow-up case study was aimed at the level of achievable uncertainties. Participating laboratories proved their capabilities in the field of dissemination of the unit of mass with uncertainties below requirements for weights of class E1 as defined by document OIML R111:2004
Muochrony: timing with muons - First experimental results at INRIM on the synchronization of atomic clocks and dissemination of reference timescales
No full textEfficient Fabrication of High‐Density Ensembles of Color Centers via Ion Implantation on a Hot Diamond Substrate
Get PDFNitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds are one of the most promising systems for quantum technologies, including quantum metrology and sensing. A promising strategy for the achievement of high sensitivity to external fields relies on the exploitation of large ensembles of NV centers, whose fabrication by ion implantation is upper limited by the amount of radiation damage introduced in the diamond lattice. In this work an approach is demonstrated to increase the density of NV centers upon the high-fluence implantation of MeV N2+ ions on a hot target substrate (>550 degrees C). The results show that with respect to room-temperature implantation, the high-temperature process increases the vacancy density threshold required for the irreversible conversion of diamond to a graphitic phase, thus enabling to achieve higher density ensembles. Furthermore, the formation efficiency of color centers is investigated on diamond substrates implanted at varying temperatures with MeV N2+ and Mg+ ions revealing that the formation efficiency of both NV centers and magnesium-vacancy (MgV) centers increases with the implantation temperature
Integrative gene regulatory network analysis discloses key driver genes of fibromuscular dysplasia
No full textFibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a poorly understood disease affecting 3–5% of adult females. The pathobiology of FMD involves arterial lesions of stenosis, dissection, tortuosity, dilation and aneurysm, which can lead to hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction and even death. Currently, there are no animal models for FMD and few insights as to its pathobiology. In this study, by integrating DNA genotype and RNA sequence data from primary fibroblasts of 83 patients with FMD and 71 matched healthy controls, we inferred 18 gene regulatory co-expression networks, four of which were found to act together as an FMD-associated supernetwork in the arterial wall. After in vivo perturbation of this co-expression supernetwork by selective knockout of a top network key driver, mice developed arterial dilation, a hallmark of FMD. Molecular studies indicated that this supernetwork governs multiple aspects of vascular cell physiology and functionality, including collagen/matrix production. These studies illuminate the complex causal mechanisms of FMD and suggest a potential therapeutic avenue for this challenging disease
The CCL-K11 ongoing key comparison. Final report for 2023
No full textSix lasers from six national metrological institutes (NMIs) were compared in the year 2023 as part of the CCL-K11 ongoing key comparison, initiated by the 13th meeting of the Comité Consultative des Longueurs (CCL) in 2007. The absolute frequency of theses lasers was measured in three different node laboratories following the technical protocol for CCL-K11. All are practical realisations of the definition of the metre according to the MeP for the definition of the metre.
Five standards are He-Ne-lasers stabilized on the f component of the R(127) 11-5 transitions of molecular iodine 127I2 with a wavelength of approximately 633 nm.
The sixth standard is a fibre laser stabilized to the P(16) (ν1+ν3) transition of molecular acetylene 13C2H2 with a wavelength of approximately 1542 nm. The technical protocol was deliberately designed to accommodate artefacts of different wavelengths in a common framework.
The results of these measurements are compiled in the present report. The comparison reports, as communicated by each participant, are included in the main document.
This document constitutes the thirteenth final report for the ongoing key comparison CCL-K11.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA)