Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica
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Construction of Phantoms for MR Electrical Properties Tomography (From Structure to Composition): A Guideline From the ISMRM Electro‐Magnetic Tissue Properties Study Group
No full textVerifica di 112 sensori di temperatura PT100 installati nel laboratorio per la verifica di contabilizzatori di calore (HCA)
No full textThis report describes the verification activity of calibrated PT100 temperature sensors installed on the 'Mockup system present in Building 4, with the objective of evaluating their functionality and accuracy under simulated operating conditions
Toward the Optimization of the Optical Behavior of Transparent Wood: Current State of the Art and Perspectives
No full textTransparent wood (TW) is a type of bio-based optical composite that combines wood’s hierarchical microstructure with polymers’ tailored optical properties to achieve high transmittance and controlled light scattering. TW is developed by removing lignin or modifying lignin chromophores and infiltrating a polymer whose refractive index closely matches that of the delignified wood framework. This review critically examines the parameters governing transparency in millimeter-thick TW, including the influence of wood species, delignification and bleaching strategies, and polymer selection for infiltration and polymerization/curing. The discussion emphasizes the interplay between microstructural anisotropy, refractive index matching, and processing-induced defects, which collectively determine light transmittance and haze. The review summarizes current progress toward achieving glass-like transparency in the millimeter range, highlighting the advances and remaining challenges in optimizing TW for scalable structural and functional applications
Riunione della ISO/TC 213 Dimensional and Geometrical Product Specification and Verification - Chiswick (Outer London, GB), 2025-03-03/14
No full textHa ospitato ancora una volta il BSI, l’ente di normazione britannico, nella sua sede di Chiswick, nella parte occidentale di Londra. È la sesta volta, la terza dal 2017 quando il BSI ha assunto la gestione della ISO/TC 213 (Committee Manager è Sarah Kelly, funzionaria del BSI). Sarà presumibilmente l’ultima a Chiswick, perché il BSI si trasferirà nei prossimi mesi a Covent Garden, nella zona centrale di Londra
Linking dielectric dispersion and age in brain tissues via water content-based Electric Properties Tomography
No full text: Popular dielectric dispersion models of biological tissues, which describe dielectric properties as a function of frequency, do not account for age-related variations. In particular, existing databases have limited validity in pediatric populations. In this work, we applied water content-based Electric Properties Tomography in vivo to healthy subjects across the lifespan to incorporate age-related information into dielectric dispersion models of white and grey matter. Water content, derived from magnetic resonance fingerprinting-based T1 mapping, was modelled as a function of age. The age-water relationships was then integrated with Cole-Cole dispersion via water-dependent permittivity and conductivity equations. The resulting model allows obtaining age-specific conductivity and permittivity of brain tissues at frequencies higher than 50 MHz. In addition, it provides confidence intervals accounting for both intra-subject and inter-subject variability. In terms of applications for brain studies, this model enables age-specific electromagnetic simulations for pediatric subjects and evaluations on the safety of electromagnetic exposure in developing brains. An open code is freely available online to compute electrical properties and their uncertainties as a function of frequency and age
QuAHMET: Quantum anomalous Hall effect materials and devices for metrology
No full textQuAHMET --- Quantum anomalous Hall effect materials and devices for metrology is a Joint Research Project of the European Metrology Partnership research funding programme. The project focus is the traceable measurement and characterisation of quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) materials as devices, enabling them as the foundation for the future generation of primary realisations of the resistance unit, the ohm (Ω)
Il Public Engagement delle università italiane nella VQR 2015-19. Uno studio dei casi
No full textThe paper presents a study on Italian universities’ PE impact assessment
during the 2015-19 Evaluation of Research Quality exercise (Valutazione
della Qualità della Ricerca – VQR). It starts by outlining the regulatory
framework for evaluating TM and then discusses the main features of the
case studies submitted for the VQR 2015-19. After that, it presents a study
based on a mixed approach, starting with a quantitative content analysis of a
sample of PE cases to describe the universities’ orientations in selecting
cases and indicators, highlighting the rewarding choices. It then shows the
results of qualitative content analysis exploring the interpretative ways
adopted by some PE cases to conceptualize the impact and to define the
evaluation designs. Finally, it examines the relationship between TM,
research, and teaching to understand the changes generated by PE in the
universities
Nanoporous Copper Films via Dynamic Hydrogen Bubbling: A Promising SERS Substrate for Sensitive Detection of Methylene Blue
Full text linkCu-based nanomaterials have received considerable attention as promising and cost-effective substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications despite their relatively low enhancement factor (EF) compared to noble metals like gold and silver. In this study, a fast and affordable synthesis route is proposed to obtain a three-dimensional porous copper film (NPC) via an electrodeposition technique based on the dynamic hydrogen bubbling template (DHBT). Two sets of NPC film were synthesized, one without additives and the other with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The impacts of deposition time on the NPCs’ porous morphology, thickness, and SERS performance were systematically investigated. With the optimal deposition time, the nanopore sizes could be tailored from 26.8 to 73 μm without additives and from 12.8 to 24 μm in the presence of CTAB. The optimal additive-free NPC film demonstrated excellent SERS performance at 180 s of deposition, while the CTAB-modified film showed strong enhancement at 120 s towards methylene blue (MB), a highly toxic dye, achieving a detection limit of 10−6 M. Additionally, the samples with CTAB showed better efficiency than those without CTAB. The calculated EF of NPC was found to be 5.9 × 103 without CTAB and 2.5 × 103 with the CTAB, indicating the potential of NPC as a cost-effective candidate for high-performance SERS substrates. This comprehensive study provides insights into optimizing the structural morphology of the NPCs to maximize their SERS enhancement factor and improve their detection sensitivity toward MB, thus overcoming the limitations associated with conventional copper-based SERS substrates
Geometry Dependent Superconductive Transition of Nb Nanostructures
Full text linkRecently, superconducting nanostructures gained particular attention due to the visualisation of some intriguing phenomena, such as phase fluctuations, quantum phase slip, shape resonance in critical temperature, allowing the definition of a tailored superconducting nanodevice with the desired superconducting features, quantum phenomena. A deep investigation into the relationship between superconductivity, low dimensionality, quantum phenomena should be performed, in order to explain the emergence mechanism of these effects in nanostructures, how superconductivity is affected. In the following, we report on the investigation of the superconductive transition in triangular-shaped Nb pads connecting a Nb nanostripe. As revealed by R vs T curves, and the superconductive transition is observed to be characterised by two regions: i) a first smooth and wide transition reflecting the continuous reduction in the width of the Nb triangular pads that progressively experience superconductive transition, and ii) a more abrupt transition reflecting the transition of the Nb nanostripe. This work could pave the way concerning the realisation of Nb nanostructures with tunable critical temperature, transition width, and slope
Emissivity and Reflectivity Measurements for Passive Radiative Cooling Technologies
Full text linkDue to their optical properties, passive radiative cooling (PRC) materials can effectively reflect solar radiation while simultaneously dissipating heat through the infrared transparency windows using outer space as a cold and renewable heat sink. This makes it possible to achieve sub-ambient temperatures even in direct sunlight without using any electricity for cooling or air-conditioning. However, the accurate determination of these peculiar optical properties is challenging and subject to high uncertainty levels when using commercial instruments available to industrial end users and research laboratories. Within the EU project PaRaMetriC, aiming at establishing a metrological framework for the comparable performance evaluation of PRC technologies, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt is leading a work package dedicated to the development of accurate and traceable methods to determine the infrared optical and thermophysical properties of PRC materials. These include reflectivity and emissivity in the broad spectral range from 250 nm to 50 μm, encompassing both, the solar spectrum (250 nm–2500 nm) and the infrared transparency window of the atmosphere (7.1 μm–13 μm) with a target absolute uncertainty of less than 0.03. For this purpose, several candidate benchmark passive cooling materials have been characterized by PTB in the wavelength range between 1.4 μm and 50 μm. The range 250 nm to 1.4 μm will be covered in an upcoming paper. Characterizations of, and comparisons between, reference and end-user measurement techniques applied for the measurements of selected PRC materials will not only allow accurate determination of the thermophysical properties, but also identification of measurement problems and suitable approaches in this rapidly expanding field