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Alpha rhythm and Alzheimer’s disease: Has Hans Berger’s dream come true?
No full textIn this “centenary” paper, an expert panel revisited Hans Berger's groundbreaking discovery of human restingstate electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms (8–12 Hz) in 1924, his foresight of substantial clinical applications in patients with “senile dementia,” and new developments in the field, focusing on Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia in pathological aging. Clinical guidelines issued in 2024 by the US National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) and the European Neuroscience Societies did not endorse routine use of rsEEG biomarkers in the clinical workup of older adults with cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the expert panel highlighted decades of research from independent workgroups and different techniques showing consistent evidence that abnormalities in rsEEG delta, theta, and alpha rhythms (< 30 Hz) observed in AD patients correlate with wellestablished AD biomarkers of neuropathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. We posit that these abnormalities may reflect alterations in oscillatory synchronization within subcortical and cortical circuits, inducing cortical inhibitory-excitatory imbalance (in some cases leading to epileptiform activity) and vigilance dysfunctions (e.g., mental fatigue and drowsiness), which may impact AD patients’ quality of life. Berger's vision of using EEG to understand and manage dementia in pathological aging is still actual
Preface
No full textShadow economy and tax evasion are widely studied topics in economics and behavioural sciences. Still, determinants of the tax behaviour of individuals and firms (including psychological aspects and social and cultural norms and customs) are not fully understood. Additionally, questions related to the evolution, operation, and design of formal institutions capable of effectively counteracting these two widespread and related phenomena remain (substantially) unanswered. Finally, fiscal policies fighting against shadow economy and tax evasion could (at least in the short term and in some countries) have adverse effects on economic growth and unemployment. This Special Issue Reprint contributed to improving the understanding of several aspects of shadow economy and tax evasion. It comprises 12 papers, both theoretical and empirical, by scholars and experts in the field
Rheological and performance characterisation of cold bituminous mastics made with different bitumen emulsions and mineral fillers
No full textIn recent years, the evolution in the field of bituminous binders has led to the affirmation of modified emulsions for cold recycled asphalt mixtures (CRAM). However, the behaviour of CRAM, as a function of the emulsion type and the modification process, is still not understood. The paper deals with the analysis of mastics made with three different types of bitumen emulsion (unmodified, pre-blended SBS-modified, and post-blended latex-modified) and three different types of filler (limestone filler, lime-based filler, and plant-collected filler). The laboratory investigation included the measurement of the delta ring and ball, the linear viscoelastic characterisation, and the evaluation of the resistance to permanent deformations and fatigue damage. The results showed how, in defining the properties of a cold bituminous mastic, it is not only the presence or absence of polymers that is important but also the modification method, as well as the type of filler
Modernization of higher education in Western Balkan countries by incorporating renewable energy engineering and energy efficiency methodologies in curricula relating to the building sector
No full textBuildings in the Western Balkans (WB) lack severely when it comes to the performance demands
on energy efficiency set forth by the European Commission. The need to support the region’s building sector
to achieve better performance resulted in identifying a requirement for higher education reform,
incorporating components of both active and passive design elements and engineering on energy efficiency,
in programs that relate to construction. Within the scope of the EU co-funded project “reZEB- Fostering
Renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency knowledge towards new zero energy buildings of
engineers and professionals in Western Balkan countries”, a group of seven universities and one vocational
school cooperated to modernize curricula in Bachelor’s and Master’s programs. The project modernized
sixteen modules and introduced ten new modules in various fields pertaining to sustainability in the built
environment. The process included technical aspects, supported through advanced laboratory equipment
and applications. Herein, we present a rare example of a comprehensive effort to modernize curricula and
improve targeted professional skills in Albania and Kosovo. The paper describes the process followed and
the educational targets covered, and discusses the preliminary results of the assessment feedback, aiming to
produce professionals able to understand and take advantage of the opportunities that green technologies
offer on environmental, social and economic levels
Dosimetric Impact of Air Gaps in High-Dose-Rate Contact Interventional Radiotherapy (Modern Brachytherapy) for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer of the Ear
No full textIl ricambio generazionale dei dipendenti nelle imprese familiari e la gestione dell'assunzione dei loro discendenti
No full textThe paper aims to identify some characteristics of generational turnover among employees belonging to the same family that does not own the family firm and to define some best practices. After analyzing the scientific literature on the subject and some cases of business history, the research was carried out by administering a questionnaire to three historical family businesses, characterized by the control exercised by the family for at least three generations.
The objective was to detect the prevalence, motivations, relationship with the generational turnover of leadership, characteristics also in terms of the effects of the said processual phenomenon of generational transition. This generational transition will have to be considered, with confirmation of the hypothetical assumptions of initiation and for conclusions, in its complexity and non-negli gibility also as a challenge for family businesses in the course of which to preserve a part of the business assets in a long-term view. The main limitation of research stems from the small sample considered in the survey.
The paper aims to make its own contribution to the advancement of studies on the topic, highlighting aspects and practices that can be implemented for a more successful generational turnover.
Originality is detectable in the theoretical and multifaceted treatment of an issue sometimes relevant to the continuity of family businesses
