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Volcanoes in Lake Bidahochi
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The Hopi Buttes volcanic field is located in Navajo Nation, Arizona. It is found southeast of the headwaters of the Colorado River and the mouth of the Grand Canyon, within the Bidahochi Basin. Hopi Buttes is home to over 300 maars, along with diatremes, tuff rings, and scoria cones (Dallegge et. al. 2001). These eruptions are phreatomagmatic, forming from the interaction of magma with water. Maars result from magma mixing with groundwater while tuff rings form through the eruption of magma with a water source.
Many have suggested a shallow lake, or playa, environment within the Bidahochi basin. One such evidence is the three main members of the Bidahochi Formation. The middle mafic member, related to the Hopi Buttes volcanoes, is between two sedimentary layers. These lower and upper members contain claystones, mudstones, sandstones, and other sediments that suggest lacustrine and/or fluvial deposition (Douglas et. al. 2020). Bidahochi limestone contains strontium isotope ratios consistent with the Bouse Formation limestone, believed ponded lake tufa (Austin et. al. 2020). Dallegge et. al. (2001) reports the possibility of lacustrine sediments reaching a height of 1860 m. The Hopi Buttes maars also support a lacustrine environment. The Coliseum Maar contains fossilized freshwater fish (Austin et. al. 2020). There also appears to be evidence for other lake creatures along with plants such as cattails, willows, and birches (Douglas et. al. 2020).
Looking at stratigraphic columns, volcanic materials protrude through lake sediments. There is a pattern of tuff, siltstone, pumice, sandstone, and other mafic layers alternating between the middle and upper members (Dallegge et. al. 2001). Austin et al. (2020) state that Bidahochi limestone and volcanic rocks are found interlocked surrounding the Coliseum Maar. This suggests that the maars were reacting with an aqueous environment at the surface during their eruption.
What about an overflow? Many scientists who believe that the maars and combined volcanic/lacustrine materials point to a lake also believe said lake carved out the Grand Canyon. Cited lake evidence exists all along the basin area surrounding the Colorado River’s path into the Grand Canyon. In 1858, John Newberry was the first to develop the spillover idea for Grand Canyon formation (Austin et. al. 2020). Others, such as Austin et. al. (2020), have continued his work. Blackwelder (1934) pointed out the inconsistency of the Colorado River carving out the Grand Canyon due to the lack of meanders expected for the conventional model. He also proposed that the Colorado River might have existed since the beginning of the Pleistocene (1934). This coincides with the maars’ eruptions during the late Miocene to early Pliocene, placing the Colorado River after the volcanic eruptions and potential lake overflow. Douglas et. al. (2020) used physical modeling to test the spillover theory and the appearance of the Grand Canyon after such an event. Considering the Hopi Buttes volcanic field and the possible lake evidence within the maars, it appears that the area supports a lake environment and a potential spillover event.
REFERENCES
Austin, S., E.W. Holroyd, and D.R. McQueen. 2020. Remembering spillover erosion of Grand Canyon. Answers Research Journal 13:153-188.
Blackwelder, E. 1934. Origin of the Colorado River. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 45:551-565.
Dallegge, T.A., M.H. Ort, W.C. McIntosh, and M.E. Perkins. 2001. Age and depositional basin morphology of the Bidahochi Formation and implications for the ancestral upper Colorado River. In R.A. Young and E.E. Spamer (editors), The Colorado River: origin and evolution, pp. 47-51. Grand Canyon, AZ: Grand River Association.
Douglas, J.C., B.F Gootee, T. Dallegge, A. Jeong, Y.B. Seong, and B.Y. Yu. 2020. Evidence for the overflow origin of the Grand Canyon. Geomorphology 369, no. 107361. doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107361
Engineer and Technologist Matching Program (ETMP)
Get PDFEngineer & Technologist Matching Program (ETMP)
In November 2023 Logos Research Associates expanded our ministry to include an engineering and technology related resources group to come alongside and support scientists doing creation science research. This group includes technical professionals that have not traditionally been included in creation science research. This initiative is intended to create a framework for that to happen by matching engineer and/or technologists with scientists performing creation research.
This recognizes that the origin of all things was designed with engineering principles and implemented by the master engineer and creator God. The created is way beyond man’s ability to imagine or exactly replicate. This is continually confirmed by a wide variety of ongoing new and ‘surprising’ scientific discoveries, which are not surprising to us who believe in the Creator.
Our Objectives:
1. Maximize creation research by bringing in more compute capability and expertise,
2. Apply the benefit of engineering expertise with design intent driven, higher-level hypotheses to drive scientific research directions and predictions,
3. Be a ministry to both the scientists who have not traditionally had these resources available as well as for engineering/technology professionals who have not traditionally had opportunities to contribute their expertise to the creationism movement.
The engineering/technology professionals referenced in (3) include technologists who have expertise in engineering, design, computer science and/or programming, numerical analysis, databases, geographic information systems (GIS), mathematics and statistics, and similar fields. Participants of the ETMP will contribute their expertise in support of the scientific researchers where our partnership can be fruitful.
In the presentation we explore the need, the process, and report on some of the work we have done with researchers. We ask you to pray for this initiative and consider how, as a scientist, you could make use of us or, as a technologist, how you would like to contribute your expertise to a researching scientist
Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes: Increasing Referral Rates Through Stop-Bang Questionnaire Utilization
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Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is significantly underdiagnosed in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities, despite associations with hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke, and myocardial infarction (Miller & Berger, 2016). Approximately 80% of OSA cases remain undetected (Hwang et al., 2021). Purpose: This quality improvement (QI) project evaluated the impact of implementing the STOP-BANG questionnaire on referral rates for polysomnography (PSG) in an outpatient cardiology clinic. Methods: This QI project was conducted using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) and Advancing Research and Clinical Practice through Close Collaboration (ARCC) frameworks. This QI project took place over four weeks at a cardiology clinic in Dayton, Ohio and included 512 adult patients without a prior OSA diagnosis. Providers received a 30-minute in-service on administering the STOP-BANG questionnaire, interpreting results, and referring patients with scores ≥3 for PSG testing. The tool was administered during standard clinic visits. Data was collected via retrospective chart audits and analyzed using chi-square. Results: The PSG referral rate was significantly higher after the STOP-BANG implementation (χ² = 29.85, p \u3c .001). Male patients were significantly more likely to be referred than females (χ² = 11.30, p \u3c .001). Conclusion: Implementation of the STOP-BANG questionnaire significantly improved referral rates for sleep apnea evaluation in a cardiology setting. Future studies should examine diagnostic completion post-referral and assess implementation across diverse settings to support early detection and promote equitable cardiovascular care. Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea, STOP-BANG, screening, polysomnography, cardiovascular disease, quality improvement, outpatient cardiolog
CedarCommons Mousepad
Get PDFA navy, gold, and white mousepad promoting CedarCommons reposity. Includes an inspirational quote by Thomas Fuller (1608-1661) - an English churchman and historian - All things are difficult before they become easy. A small gift to the Digital Services staff in anticipation of the repository platform and data conversion in 2025
Teaching Church Members at Dayton Avenue Baptist Church in Xenia, Oh How to Understand the Bible Better Through a Framework of Biblical Theology
No full textThe purpose of this project was to teach church members at Dayton Avenue Baptist Church in Xenia, OH how to understand the Bible better through a framework of biblical theology so they might rightly handle the Scriptures to become mature and equipped in the faith and in the application of God’s Word. Chapter 1 describes the ministry context of Dayton Avenue Baptist Church, the rationale, and the goals of the project. Chapter 2 presents the exegesis of three passages of Scripture (2 Peter 3:14-18; 2 Timothy 2:14-17; and 2 Timothy 3:14-17) giving the biblical and theological basis for understanding the Bible better. Chapter 3 argues the theoretical and practical issues for understanding the Bible better. Chapter 4 describes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the project, and chapter 5 evaluates the success of the project against the goals outlined in chapter 1
Bach in Brazil: An Intertextual Analysis of the Bachianas Brasileiras
Get PDFThe twentieth century was the age of globalization and with it, an opportunity for non-European composers to display their skills and their nations’ voices. One of these composers who saw a lot of success internationally was Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos, known for his use of popular Brazilian music elements in his works. One of Villa-Lobos’s most well-known works is his Bachianas Brasileiras, a suite of nine pieces composed as an homage to Villa-Lobos’s favorite composer, Johann Sebastian Bach. Villa-Lobos’s goal for the suite was to combine aspects of Bach’s Baroque music and elements of popular Brazilian music, including conceptual folkloric elements. This article uses several biographies to survey the composer’s life and every aspect of it that had a major role in composing the suite, including the composer’s passion for the music of Bach. This article also examines some original manuscripts to analyze the music of the suite, providing a complete in-depth analysis of Bachianas Brasileiras Nos. 1–4 and 6, as well as the fugues in Nos. 7–9, highlighting both the Baroque and popular Brazilian music elements that the composer integrated. By surveying the composer’s life and the music of Bachianas Brasileiras, this article argues that the suite exemplifies his ability to merge seemingly contrasting musical elements into a cohesive and evocative whole, highlighting the richness of Brazilian culture while honoring Bach’s legacy. This fusion not only showcases Villa-Lobos’s compositional mastery but also underscores the broader success of cultural synthesis in classical music, prevalent in the compositions of several other non-European artists in the twentieth century
Volume of a Potential Ancient Lake in the Colorado Plateau Basin
Get PDFThe Bidahochi Basin, located in the southern Colorado Plateau, is a structural depression primarily bounded by the Mogollon Rim and Kaibab Uplift, filled with Miocene-Pliocene lacustrine sedimentary strata. These deposits, primarily preserved in the diatremes and maars of the Hopi Buttes volcanic field, were initially interpreted as smaller playa-like lakes (~7000 km³). Recent findings such as tufa deposits and shoreline terraces at 1800-2000 m elevation ~75 km from the Hopi Buttes suggest a much larger lake. Others have estimated this Hopi Lake to have a volume up to 30,000 km³. It has been hypothesized that this large lake contributed to the carving of the Grand Canyon by catastrophically overflowing the Kaibab Uplift.
To better constrain the volume of the basin, a comprehensive map was created using Google Earth Pro and ArcGIS Pro. The basin outline was initially defined at the 1860 m contour, with subsequent analysis performed on merged raster data from USGS EarthExplorer. Key elevation contours (1600, 1800, 1860, 1950, 2000, and 2100 m) were selected based on prior research, and volume calculations were made using ArcGIS’s “Surface Volume” tool. Geological map units of volcanic and lacustrine deposits were also incorporated.
Our analysis suggests that Hopi Lake extended further north than previously thought, reaching from the Grand Canyon\u27s mouth to as far north as Moab, Utah, at every investigated elevation. Using the 1800 m contour, the basin reached the Uinta Mountains. Additional “basins” also appeared in Glen Canyon, Monument Valley, and west of Canyonlands National Park, with a potential outlet opening across the Cockscomb (Kaibab Uplift, Utah). Using the 1860 m contour, the shoreline runs along the Hopi Buttes, and above 2000 m, another potential outlet occurs north of the San Francisco volcanic field. At the 1860 m contour, the lake had a volume of ~40,000 km³. Breaching of much smaller ancient lakes such as Missoula and Bonneville created extensive canyon systems. Field investigations at proposed outlets or shorelines could further clarify Hopi Lake’s extent and geologic history