Archivio della ricerca- LUISS Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli di Roma
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On the Kolmogorov equation associated with Volterra equations and fractional Brownian motion
No full textWe consider a Volterra convolution equation in Rd perturbed with an additive fractional Brownian motion of Riemann-Liouville type with Hurst parameter H is an element of (0, 1). We show that its solution solves an infinite-dimensional stochastic differential equation (SDE) in the Hilbert space of square-integrable functions. Such an equation motivates our study of an unconventional class of SDEs requiring an original extension of the drift operator and its Fr & eacute;chet differentials. We prove that these infinite-dimensional SDEs generate a Markov stochastic flow which is twice Fr & eacute;chet differentiable with respect to the initial data. This stochastic flow is then employed to solve, in the classical sense of infinite-dimensional calculus, the path-dependent Kolmogorov equation corresponding to the SDEs. In particular, we associate a time-dependent infinitesimal generator with the fractional Brownian motion. In the final section, we show some obstructions in the analysis of the mild formulation of the Kolmogorov equation for SDEs driven by the same infinite-dimensional noise. This problem, which is relevant to the theory of regularization by noise, remains open for future research
La Corte costituzionale tra convergenze desiderate e contrapposizioni reali: i limiti di un’interpretativa di rigetto sui limiti probatori in materia tributaria (osservazioni a C. cost. sent. n. 137/2025)
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Volunteering for the platforms – How social media terms of service may violate the fair remuneration principle of authors and performers
No full textMajor social media terms of service (i.e., YouTube, TikTok, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, X) impose to users a royalty-free license covering uploaded “content” protected by intellectual property rights (“IPRs”). Consequently, while social media service providers’ revenues are significant, users that are also authors and performers do not directly receive any remuneration in most cases. Most recently, the benefits of training artificial intelligence (“AI”) tools on what is published on social media further intensify this imbalance.
This bargain has not gone completely unnoticed. However, the doctrine often questioned the workability of any legislative or judicial intervention aimed at restoring balance. This article argues that online social media service providers have an obligation under EU law to share the revenues derived from the exploitation of works and performances published on their platforms with authors and performers.
For this purpose, this work discusses the legitimacy of free licenses with the fair remuneration principle of authors and performers. It interprets the so-called “Linux clause” of Recital 82 Directive (EU) 2019/790 (“CDSMD”) and proposes a distinction between “free licences for the benefit of any users” (“open licenses”) and those for the benefit of specific licensees (“gratuitous licenses”). Abuses by the general public cannot occur in the case of open licenses. On the contrary, specific licensees who have a stronger position could unfairly impose gratuitous licenses to authors and performers. This inquiry runs in parallel with a recent litigation in Belgium on the matter (the “Streamz” case)
Self-image matters: Examining individual differences in resistance to loss framing messages
No full textIn response to the growing prevalence of overweight and obesity, public service advertisements (PSAs) promoting healthy eating have been placed throughout consumers’ online retail experiences. Some of these advertisements highlight the benefits of healthy diets (gain framing), while others warn against the negative consequences of unhealthy eating (loss framing). Understanding consumer resistance to PSAs, particularly psychological reactance, has become increasingly important due to shifts in how people access information. In an era when content platform algorithms personalize information exposure, health content continues to appear only if consumers actively engage with it. Yet consumer reactance, which often leads to information avoidance, can substantially reduce continued exposure. Through three online experiments, we found that loss framing messages are more likely to elicit greater psychological reactance compared to gain framing, particularly among individuals with a lower promotion focus trait or higher concern for face. This increased reactance results in more negative attitudes toward PSAs and further reduces willingness to engage with the information provider. This research offers practical insights for public health communicators and online food retailers on the effective placement of PSAs
City diplomacy and the internationalization of cities
No full textIn this chapter, the first part will be devoted to conceptualizing the notion of city diplomacy,
while the second will address its explanatory and normative dimensions. In the first
part, a definition of city diplomacy will be provided, along with key reference points on the
actors and dynamics involved. In addition, the relevance of city diplomacy for the issue of
democratization of politics will be addressed to highlight the progressive potential of such a
practice. In the second part, the key variables to explain the development of city diplomacy
will be studied, as divided into inside-out and outside-in ones. Conclusions on the future of
city diplomacy will be provided thereafter
Oltre il media spend. Ecco la trasformazione industriale della comunicazione
No full textL’evoluzione della comunicazione è un vero e proprio processo di riorganizzazione industriale, con una ipotesi di fondo semplice ma ambiziosa: la comunicazione non sta solo cambiando strumenti, ma logiche. E queste logiche hanno implicazioni strategiche per imprese, agenzie e policy maker