Archivio della ricerca- LUISS Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli di Roma
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Are Generative-Based Graph Counterfactual Explainers Worth It?
No full textCounterfactual Explanation (CE) methods have gained traction as a means to provide recourse for users of AI systems. While widely explored in domains like medical images and self-driving cars, Graph Counterfactual Explanation (GCE) methods have received less attention. GCE explainers generate a new graph similar to the original but with a different outcome according to the underlying prediction model. Notably, generative machine learning methods have achieved remarkable success in generating images with a particular art style and natural language processing. In this study, we thoroughly examine the capabilities of Generative GCE methods. Specifically, we analyse G-CounteRGAN, a graph-specific adaptation of the CounteRGAN method, and compare its performance against other generative explainers and a selection of search- and heuristic-based explainers in the literature. Contrarily to heuristic-based methods, we remark that generative approaches are extremely useful to generate multiple counterfactuals by sampling the learned latent space on the training data
Eroding Meroni: The Fate of the Delegation to EU Agencies
No full textSince 1958, the Court of Justice has established the key criteria governing the legitimate delegation of powers to EU agencies. Nevertheless, the principle of delegation remains a subject of debate and has been revisited by the Court in recent years. This article examines the current state of the so-called non-delegation doctrine, arguing that the original doctrine has been progressively “eroded” over time not only de facto, through the pragmatic involvement of EU agencies in the regulatory process, but also de iure, through the gradual and sometimes strained evolution of the EU courts’ case law
Aesthetics and Sustainable Luxury Consumption. Evidence from Scientific Literature, Case Studies and Consumer Neuroscience
No full textLuxury goods and service environments are inherently beautiful, refined, and aesthetically pleasing, qualities that closely align them with the concept of "art”. Yet specific aesthetic attributes can shape or undermine responsible consumer choices.
Drawing on relevant literature, enriched by insightful case studies and empirical research, the book introduces a novel conceptualization of sustainable luxury consumption, integrating individual motivations and aesthetic characteristics to better understand the psychological and physiological consumers’ response.
Insightful reading for early-career and experienced academic scholars interested in luxury and sustainability, this book also offers valuable managerial insights for luxury brand leaders seeking to navigate the sustainable transition more effectively
Diritto e discriminazione. Per una ricostruzione sistematica del concetto di privilegio.
No full textPrivilegio è una parola polisemica che si presta ad essere utilizzata in diversi contesti linguistici: si parla di individui privilegiati, di privilegi di classe, ancora di privilegi legati al colore della pelle, all’orientamento sessuale, al genere. In questo senso, il privilegio è divenuto un concetto problematico per il diritto: il fantasma di una categoria che non esiste. In questo contesto il volume affronta le questioni che emergono dall’analisi del diritto anti-discriminatorio, qualificato come insieme di norme in grado di inibire posizioni di dominio e oppressione a danno dell’autonomia di individui, i diversi-inferiori. Da qui lo spunto per articolare una riflessione giusfilosofica a partire dal recente dibattito giurisprudenziale intorno alla attribuzione del cognome paterno e alla autodeterminazione volta alla genitorialità. Il rapporto fra diritto e discriminazione viene riletto alla luce del principio di eguaglianza inteso come principio anti-subordinativo proprio attraverso la ricostruzione genealogico-sistematica del concetto di privilegio
BRIDGING INTUITION AND RATIONALITY: DATA BROKERAGE IN THE CREATIVE PROCESS OF A MULTIMEDIA COMPANY
No full textViaggio tra i meandri spinosi del contratto tra imprenditori (b2b): i misteri corrivi della penale riducibile
No full textThe rules governing penalty clauses in Europe (and especially in Germany) are much more varied than those resorted to in the Italian legal system. An exploratory journey promises to reveal critical issues that go far beyond the observation of the poverty of a domestic model based on (and trapped by) a compulsory nature that is formally doubly oriented but in fact rigidly monotonic
Local government responses to procurement centralization: Evidence from Italy
No full textThis paper analyzes how local public authorities in Italy responded to recent procurement centralization reforms. Using detailed data on all Italian public contracts awarded between 2015 and 2017, we document three types of strategic behavior aimed at retaining local autonomy. First, authorities anticipating the reforms accelerated purchases to avoid central oversight. Second, they manipulated contract values to remain below monetary thresholds. Third, when required to centralize, they often chose the least centralized forms of coordination. These findings highlight how institutional design and local incentives can blunt the intended effects of centralization policies, offering broader lessons for procurement reform across the EU
Carbon Neutrality and Net-Zero Regulation
No full textWe analyze the impact of carbon dioxide regulation on a system of polluting, heterogeneous companies. We consider two compliance frameworks: one based on an emission trading system (ETS) mechanism and the other relying only on abatement efforts. The shocks in the economy are spanned by a multivariate Brownian motion, and the companies' emissions are modeled as general diffusions. Firms must match their projected emission imbalance with their reduction effort at the compliance date in both frameworks. Under the ETS program, to do so firms can both abate and trade carbon permits in the ETS permits exchange. Existence and uniqueness of the optimal abatement and trade, together with the equilibrium carbon price, are proven under mild necessary and sufficient conditions. The optimizers and the carbon price are explicit, and their analytic expressions provide an instance of classic economic principles. Numerical examples illustrate the flexibility of the model in the study of the effect of significant allocation policies. Under the net-zero framework, firms can only rely on abatement, which is also provided in closed-form
Living Segment Of The People, Costituzioni e generazioni future. Spunti dalla lettura del volume di Alessandro Ferrara
No full textGiovanni Piccirilli offre una lettura del volume di Alessandro Ferrara, Sovranità intergenerazionale, ponendo al centro la categoria del popolo
transgenerazionale e la nozione di “living segment of the people” come parte non esaustiva, ma attiva e temporalmente situata, di un’entità più
ampia e permanente. Questa prospettiva consente di ripensare la sovranità popolare oltre i confini dell’elettorato attuale e riporta in primo piano il
tema del “popolo”, da tempo marginalizzato nel dibattito costituzionale a favore del concetto più riduttivo di elettorato. Il saggio rilegge il confronto Jefferson-Madison sulla mutabilità costituzionale alla luce della tensione tra identità storica delle Costituzioni e apertura intergenerazionale, interrogandosi sui limiti di revisione e sul ruolo delle corti costituzionali nella rappresentanza delle generazioni future. Infine, si solleva il problema della legittimità democratica di tale rappresentanza: le Corti possono supplire all’assenza di mandato, o serve una piena rappresentanza politica delle generazioni non ancora viventi? La proposta della Valutazione d’impatto generazionale (VIG) è indicata come primo passo verso un riequilibrio intertemporale delle decisioni politiche.Giovanni Piccirilli offers a reading of Alessandro Ferrara’s volume, Sovereignty Across Generations, that places at its core the category of the transgenerational people and the notion of the “living segment of the people” as a non-exhaustive, yet active and temporally situated, part of a broader and enduring entity. This perspective allows for a rethinking of popular sovereignty beyond the boundaries of the current electorate and brings the notion of “the people” back to the forefront of constitutional debate,
a concept that has long been overshadowed by the more reductive idea of the electorate. The essay revisits the Jefferson-Madison debate on constitutional mutability in light of the tension between the historical identity of constitutions and their openness to future generations, questioning both
the limits of constitutional revision and the role of constitutional courts in representing future generations. Finally, it raises the issue of the democratic legitimacy of such representation: can courts compensate for the lack of an electoral mandate, or is a full political representation of the not-yet-living necessary? The proposal for a Generational Impact Assessment (VIG) is identified as a first step toward a temporal rebalancing ofpolitical decision-making