Archivio della ricerca della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
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Contemporary Oral Medication Use and Frequency in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
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Out of the single‐neuron straitjacket: Neurons within assemblies change selectivity and their reconfiguration underlies dynamic coding
Get PDF: We investigated cell assemblies in the frontal cortex of macaques during two discrimination tasks. Focusing on the period of goal-action transformation, we extracted spikes fired during assembly activation from the full neural activity and showed that the contribution of a neuron to assembly coding, when it co-ordinates with other assembly neurons, differs from its coding in isolation. Neurons, with their flexible participation to multiple assemblies, contributed to the encoding of new information not encoded by the neurons alone. Even non-discriminative neurons acquired selectivity as part of the collective activity of the assemblies. Thus, neurons in their assemblies process distinct information for various purposes as a chess simul master, playing on multiple chessboards. The reconfiguration of the participation of the neurons into different assemblies in the goal-action transformation process translated into a dynamic form of coding, whereas minimal reconfiguration was associated with the static goal coding of the memory period. KEY POINTS: Traditionally, the coding properties of a neuron are studied using all its activity (full-spikes), irrespective of its co-ordination with different groups of neurons. With an assembly centered approach, we can determine the neuron's coding properties not in absolute terms, but relative to the assembly of neurons with which it co-ordinates. When neurons are studied in different assemblies-focusing only on the spikes fired during assembly coordination (assembly-spikes)-they can contribute to the coding of different variables. The coding flexibility of the same neuron in multiple assemblies increases the amount of information it can contribute to encoding compared to isolated neurons. Dynamic coding, as opposed to static coding, as observed during the goal-action transformation process, can be explained by an increase in the reconfiguration of active assemblies, with neurons contributing to the coding of different variables in different epochs, depending on which assembly is active
Il sesso come oggetto dello scambio illecito. Dogmatica e traiettorie di politica criminale in tema di corruzione e abuso sessuale nelle asimmetrie di potere
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Parkinsonism disrupts cortical function by dysregulating oscillatory, network and synaptic activity of parvalbumin positive interneurons
Get PDFIdentifying novel and accessible therapeutic targets for Parkinson’s Disease (PD) remains a pressing goal. Growing evidence implicates cortical dysfunctions in PD-related symptoms, yet the mechanisms—especially those involving parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV-INs), key regulators of brain oscillations and plasticity—are not fully understood. In this study, we investigate how PD alters PV-IN network and cortical oscillatory dynamics using the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mouse model. Through an integrated approach combining electrophysiological recordings, wide-field calcium imaging, and histological analysis, we reveal a profound cascade of cortical changes. These include pathological hyperactivity above 100 Hz during movement and severe disruptions in PV-IN connectivity across the motor cortex. Synaptic imbalances and microglial activation further point to a multifaceted cortical response to dopaminergic degeneration, revealing inhibitory dysfunction, oscillatory instability, structural remodeling, and neuroinflammation. Our results link PD to cortical instability and highlight cortical plasticity as a promising target for therapeutic intervention
Exploiting luminescent solar concentrators in indoor visible light communication systems
No full textVisible Light Communication (VLC) is a breakthrough technology, enabling a new type of wireless communications in both indoor and outdoor. For the first time, here we achieve VLC transmission in indoor by combining a new and innovative, large-Field of View (FoV) receiver with commercial high-power white Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). After careful characterization and optimization of the devices, we assess the system performance by Bit Error Ratio (BER) measurements. Then, in a realistic configuration, we perform several transmission tests. We transmit a real-time 10 Mbit/s HD video stream. Finally, mixed-color white LEDs are also shown to be instrumental in improving the performance. Our work paves the way to the deployment of the proposed solution in real scenarios
Laser‐Induced Graphene from Wood‐Based Composites: Integrating Circuits in Bioderived Furniture
Get PDFThe growing global demand for sustainability is driving the scientific community to explore alternative manufacturing approaches, particularly in the electronics field, where resource scarcity and e-waste pose significant environmental challenges. One promising solution is the direct patterning of laser-induced graphene (LIG) conductive tracks onto bioderived substrates. In this study, several wood panels are successfully fabricated with different resin formulations from Jatropha curcas L. seeds to reduce the urea-formaldehyde content, and the feasibility of LIG-based electronics on these panels is assessed. The panels’ physical and mechanical properties are evaluated, including thickness swelling and internal bond strength, and conductive LIG is successfully scribed on all samples. Proofs of concept include a four-LED circuit and humidity sensors, with the best sensor achieving ≈0.2031 pF %RH−1 sensitivity and ≈5% hysteresis error. These results demonstrate the feasibility of embedding functional circuits into bioderived substrates and pave the way for sustainable smart furniture by integrating bioderived materials with advanced manufacturing techniques