Archivio della ricerca della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
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Changes in CMR-derived ventricular strain, fibrosis progression and outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
No full textLabour-saving heuristics in green patents: A natural language processing analysis
Full text linkThis paper provides a direct understanding of the labour-saving threats embedded in decarbonisation pathways. It starts with a mapping of the technological innovations characterised by both climate change mitigation/adaptation (green) and labour-saving attributes. To accomplish this, we draw on the universe of patent grants in the USPTO since 1976 to 2021 reporting the Y02-Y04S tagging scheme and we identify those patents embedding an explicit labour-saving heuristic via a dependency parsing algorithm. We characterise their technological, sectoral and time evolution. Finally, after constructing an index of sectoral penetration of LS and non-LS green patents, we explore its correlation with employment share growth at the state level in the US. Our evidence shows that employment shares in sectors characterised by a higher exposure to LS (non-LS) technologies present an overall negative (positive) growth dynamics
Advances in seed hypoxia research – an updated review
No full textSeeds represent essential stages of the plant life cycle: embryogenesis, the intermittent quiescence phase and germination. Each stage has its own physiological requirements, genetic program and environmental challenges. Consequently, the effects of developmental and environmental hypoxia can vary from detrimental to beneficial. Past and recent evidence shows how low-oxygen signalling and metabolic adaptations to hypoxia affect seed development and germination. Here, we review the recent literature on seed biology in relation to hypoxia research, and present our perspective on key challenges and opportunities for future investigations
The ICC as a Justice Hub and the EU International Criminal Justice Ecosystem - Regional Coordination Hubs in Times of Polycentricity
No full textThe icc Prosecutor’s Policy on Complementarity and Cooperation signals a strategic shift towards constructive and cooperative complementarity, intending to transform the otp into a justice hub and a proactive partner for national authorities. This article explores the policy’s implementation within the EU emerging international criminal justice ecosystem, focusing on the Ukraine situation. The Ukraine case testifies to the need to establish inter-level coordination frameworks to minimise the risk of fragmentation resulting from the rising polycentricity in international criminal justice. The analysis demonstrates that flexible and ad hoc coordination hubs, particularly if established at the regional level, are a promising approach to advancing positive complementarity. The EU international criminal justice ecosystem empowers the implementation of the Prosecutor’s policy by leveraging its effective judicial cooperation instruments and robust institutional frameworks, primarily Eurojust. The Rome Statute allows the otp to participate in decentralised accountability hubs and make an impactful contribution while better safeguarding its independence and impartiality
Application and adaptation of the Virtual Eggs Test for assessing hand dexterity in subjects with stroke: a pilot study
No full textObjectives: To verify the feasibility of the Virtual Eggs Test (VET) and establish the ranges of fragilities of the Virtual Eggs (VEs) for assessing dexterity of stroke subjects and to collect feedback to improve its usability. Methods: An observational non-profit study, with a pre-market medical device. It was conducted at a hospital neurorehabilitation unit. Nine subjects with chronic stroke (5 males; mean age 55.8 ± 18.9) performed the pilot with their paretic arm. Time to complete the test (TT), the number of failures for each VE, the threshold (T), and participants' self-reported comfort in performing the test were measured. Results: The T varied among participants from 1.70 to 4.88 N/N. The average TT was 20.1 ± 6.5 minutes (range 11-33). Only one subject found the test uncomfortable. Conclusions: The study found that the VET, with minor modifications, is feasible in stroke subjects. It might be useful for assessing sensorimotor impairment in both the affected and the less affected arm. Its metric properties and normative values in the healthy population will be determined in a study currently underway
Automated detection of larval stages of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) through deep learning augmented with optical flow
Full text linkThe black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens has garnered significant attention for its potential in sustainable waste management, nutrient recycling, and the production of valuable resources such as protein-rich animal feed and biofuels. Traditional mass production methods remain labor-intensive and error-prone, needing automated solutions. A critical challenge is the precise identification of BSF different life stages which is essential for optimizing feeding strategies, harvesting, and overall system efficiency. This study explores the use of deep learning, combined with optical flow analysis, to identify BSF life stages, particularly larvae, prepupae, and pupae. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was employed for real-time BSF larval stages detection. Training, validation, and test were performed on a comprehensive custom dataset of 2130 images. Evaluation metrics including precision, recall, and mean Average Precision (mAP) were assessed. Overall, the CNN model showed a precision of 0.96, a recall of 0.95, and a [email protected] of 0.97 on the test set, confirming its generalization capability and effectiveness in real-world scenarios. The integration of optical flow enhanced the model’s performance by leveraging prior knowledge of motor activity, particularly for identifying and correcting false positives in pupae classification. Automated identification of BSF larval stages optimizes resource management, reduces operational costs, and enhances the economic viability of BSF-based systems. The proposed system extends beyond terrestrial concerns, with potential implications for bioregenerative life-support systems, a promising space technology
Interspecies differences in mitochondria: Implications for cardiac and vascular translational research
No full textMitochondria are essential organelles that regulate cellular energy metabolism, redox balance, and signaling pathways related to proliferation, aging and survival. So far, significant interspecies differences exist in mitochondrial structure, function, and dynamics, which have critical implications for cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology. This review explores the main differences in mitochondrial properties across species of animals that are commonly used for translational research, emphasizing their cardiac and vascular relevance. By addressing key interspecies differences, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation, bioenergetic profile, oxidative stress response, epigenetic regulation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and adaptive mechanisms, we aim to provide insights into the challenges and opportunities in translating preclinical findings to clinical applications. Understanding these interspecies differences is essential for optimizing the design and interpretation of preclinical studies and for developing effective mitochondrial-targeted therapies
Leveraging interorganizational networks to foster university-industry interactions
Full text linkUniversity-industry interactions are often criticized for being sporadic and unsystematic, which limits their overall potential for impactful innovation. This paper studies how universities can promote more structured and continuous interactions through formalized interorganizational networks with industry. Based on a six-year longitudinal study of a network created by a large university (i.e. the UniSMART Community at the University of Padova, Italy), we analyze micro processes that can be leveraged by universities to foster technology transfer initiatives over time. Our work reveals key insights into how such a network works, how external and internal actors engage with it, and how to foster technology transfer interactions in such a setting. We contribute to the technology transfer literature by identifying how universities can systematically lead these interactions, detailing their evolution over time, and incorporating the perspectives of both academic and industrial stakeholders