Archivio della ricerca della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
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Quale futuro per l'insindacabilità parlamentare? Una garanzia per l'istituzione, non per l'individuo
No full textCon questo articolo si intende operare alcune considerazioni sul tema dell’insindacabilità parlamentare, mettendo a sistema osservazioni e spunti emersi nel corso del seminario. Nello specifico, ci si concentrerà su principi e valori in gioco, sulla difficoltà nel delimitare i concetti chiave e la loro portata applicativa e sul ruolo della Consulta in materia, con riferimenti alla giurisprudenza.This article offers reflections on parliamentary non-liability, drawing on insights from the seminar held in Siena. It focuses on the underlying principles and values, the challenges in defining key concepts and their scope, and the role of the Constitutional Court, with references to relevant case law
Untangling the heart-brain connection in Parkinson's disease: emerging mechanisms and models
No full textCardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (CVAD) is a prevalent yet underrecognized nonmotor manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) that adversely affects morbidity, prognosis, and quality of life. Framed by the heart-brain axis, this review examines bidirectional interactions between neurodegeneration and cardiovascular control, synthesizing clinical and preclinical evidence from 2015 to 2025. We searched PubMed for English-language studies addressing autonomic involvement in PD and cardiovascular outcomes; of 1035 records identified, more than 240 met inclusion criteria following removal of duplicates, commentaries, and off-topic articles. Consistent clinical observations include orthostatic hypotension, diminished heart rate variability, impaired baroreflex sensitivity, and blood pressure lability, though heterogeneity in acquisition protocols and analytics limits comparability. Experimental models reveal mechanistic leads but often lack integration of central and peripheral endpoints, sex-inclusive cohorts, aging variables, and longitudinal designs. We highlight methodological constraints, particularly the interpretive limits of HRV, anesthesia effects in preclinical work, and inconsistent preprocessing, and outline priorities for standardized, multimodal approaches that couple neural markers with cardiovascular readouts. Advancing an integrative, translational framework may enable earlier diagnosis, robust autonomic biomarkers, risk stratification across "body-first" and "brain-first" trajectories, and targeted interventions, including neuromodulation and metabolic strategies, aimed at mitigating CVAD and potentially modifying PD progression
Enhancing the ripening profile of 1-methylcyclopropene treated 'Rocha' pear through abscisic acid treatment
No full textRecently, several studies have investigated strategies to reduce the antagonistic ripening effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). In this study, we examined how abscisic acid (ABA) influences ethylene production and fruit ripening in 'Rocha' pears treated with 1-MCP. To explore potential mechanisms for reactivating ripening, 'Rocha' pears treated with 1-MCP were exposed to 50 mg mL-1 of ABA and stored at 20 ± 2 °C for 15 days. Typical ripening indicators, such as firmness, skin colour, ethylene and aroma volatile production, sugar content, and the expression of ethylene-related enzymes and receptors, were measured throughout the 15 days of storage. Multivariate and clustering analyses showed that the treatment countered the effects of 1-MCP, with ABA significantly increasing ethylene production, fruit softening, yellowing, simple sugar accumulation, and the emission of specific ripening volatile organic compounds, especially acetates, compared to pears exposed only to 1-MCP. Furthermore, ABA boosted the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes (PcACS, PcACO) and the receptor gene (PcETR2), confirming its role in enhancing ethylene metabolism. Overall, the findings indicate that ABA influences metabolic pathways closely associated with ripening. This research provides new insights into the ripening mechanisms of pears and highlights the regulatory interaction between ABA and ethylene
Il valore strategico della biodiversità Esperienze di imprese, istituzioni e organizzazioni
No full textTowards the development of a management protocol for subjective cognitive decline: Insights from a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of multimodal data from a memory clinic
No full text: BackgroundSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) represents the first early symptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD).ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the relationships between features in SCD and to assess the importance of these features in the future development of dementia to inform a targeted management protocol.Methods440 SCD patients underwent neurological and neuropsychological assessments, MRI scans, APOE genotyping, and AD biomarker evaluations. Patients were followed for a median of 10 years. Relationships among features were first assessed univariately, focusing on differences across stratified subgroups. To capture multivariate associations, we applied network analysis using a Markov Random Field. Finally, baseline features were related to dementia progression using an XGboost machine learning model.ResultsWomen comprising 68.9% of the cohort, were generally younger at onset, had lower APOE ε4 prevalence, and differed in neuropsychological performance compared to men. Older patients (age >60) exhibited a higher prevalence of APOE ε4 and cerebral small vessel disease. Patients with depressive symptoms demonstrated lower cognitive performance across multiple domains. Network analysis indicated complex interconnections among gender, cognitive reserve, SCD severity, and depressive symptoms. The XGboost model achieved 74% accuracy in predicting progression to dementia, identifying age at onset, mini-mental state examination scores, and APOE genotype as the most predictive factors.ConclusionsThis study highlights the role of age, gender, APOE genotype, and depressive symptoms in the presentation and progression of cognitive decline. By identifying key predictive features, we propose a personalized management protocol aimed at optimizing care for individuals with SCD.Trial registration number: NCT05569083, registration date: 2019-05-30
