Archivio della ricerca della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
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It’s not About the Money: New evidence on U.S. reconstruction aid in Italy, 1947-1968
Get PDFThis paper studies the economic impact of foreign aid on Italian firms. In particular, I study the different effects of three main forms of aid: The Export-Import Bank loans, the Marshall Plan ERP ‘dollars’ loans, and the Marshall Plan ERP ‘lire’ loans. In all programs, the U.S. sent technologically advanced machinery to allow a modernisation of the technology of Italian firms, but the conditions of such loans differed. This paper tests how crucial such different features have been for the effectiveness of firm reconstruction aid. By creating a new data set on recipient firms and linking it to a large comprehensive firm-level dataset (Imita.db), I compare the effects on the performance of firms. I find that the Export-Import Bank loan raised the long-run profitability of firms, but that firms who received more flexible forms of Marshall Plan aid (‘ERP-lire’) raised their performance much more than Export- Import Bank recipients. Recipients who only received funds provided with long delays (‘ERP-dollars’) did not benefit from them. This evidence suggests that rather than receiving foreign aid per se, the most crucial features of reconstruction aid in Italy have been obtaining the requested goods on time and adjusting requests to receive the most needed productive goods
Prognostic role of updated Lake Louise criteria for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis (ITAMY-mapping study)
No full textEnabling Containerisation of Distributed Applications with Real-Time Constraints
No full textContainerisation is becoming a cornerstone of modern distributed systems, thanks to their lightweight virtualisation, high portability, and seamless integration with orchestration tools such as Kubernetes. The usage of containers has also gained traction in real-time cyber-physical systems, such as software-defined vehicles, which are characterised by strict timing requirements to ensure safety and performance. Nevertheless, ensuring real-time execution of co-located containers is challenging because of mutual interference due to the sharing of the same processing hardware. Existing parallel computing frameworks such as Ray and its Kubernetes-enabled variant, KubeRay, excel in distributed computation but lack support for scheduling policies that allow guaranteeing real-time timing constraints and CPU resource isolation between containers, such as the SCHED_DEADLINE policy of Linux. To fill this gap, this paper extends Ray to support real-time containers that leverage SCHED_DEADLINE. To this end, we propose KubeDeadline, a novel, modular Kubernetes extension to support SCHED_DEADLINE. We evaluate our approach through extensive experiments, using synthetic workloads and a case study based on the MobileNet and EfficientNet deep neural networks. Our evaluation shows that KubeDeadline ensures deadline compliance in all synthetic workloads, adds minimal deployment overhead (in the order of milliseconds), and achieves lower worst-case response times, up to 4 times lower, than vanilla Kubernetes under background interference
The 'picking the fittest' approach and spatial dynamics in China’s artificial intelligence regional development
No full textThis paper investigates the role of regional specialization in ICT in fostering AI patenting performance and inter-regional spatial spillovers across China's provincial-level regions. Using panel fixed effects estimators, a Spatial Autoregressive Regression model and by adapting the technological frontier IV strategy on a comprehensive database covering 2006–2021, we find that positively selecting areas where regional ICT specialization is leveraged – the “picking the fittest” approach – can increase AI patenting performance while exacerbating regional disparities. Furthermore, we find that geographical proximity to developed AI regions impedes AI patenting progress in neighboring areas. The findings highlight the need for collaborative regional strategies and urge policy-makers to achieve a balance between strengthening regional specialization and promoting cooperation
La governance dei sistemi ad alto rischio nell'Artificial Intelligence Act: uno sguardo panoramico
No full textEMPOWERING FOUNDRIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY: A USER-FRIENDLY ECO-DESIGN TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SELF-ASSESSMENT
No full textLa recente “disciplina penale” del cybercrime tra armonizzazione internazionale e interventi nazionali: convergenze parallele?
No full textLa tutela penale del cyberspazio è stata, per lungo tempo, il terreno privilegiato di una politica criminale quasi esclusivamente “armonizzata” a livello internazionale ed europeo. Negli ultimi anni, tuttavia, emergono due tendenze divergenti. Da un lato, nella dimensione globale si registra una rilevante evoluzione con l’adozione della Convenzione ONU contro il Cybercrime (2024) e la Draft Policy on Cyber-Enabled Crimes (2025) dell’Ufficio del Procuratore della Corte Penale Internazionale, che qualificano il cybercrime come una minaccia rilevante nell’interesse dell’intera comunità internazionale. Dall’altro lato, si moltiplicano in questa materia le iniziative unilaterali dei legislatori statali, soprattutto in aree percepite come strategiche per la sicurezza e l’interesse nazionale (ad esempio, attacchi ransomware, FIMI, disinformazione). La ricerca analizza criticamente questa sovrapposizione di interventi penalistici, assumendo il concetto di (cyber)sicurezza come prisma interpretativo che scompone – ma al tempo stesso connette – la politica criminale in materia di cybercrime, tra equilibrio geopolitico globale e tutela della sicurezza nazionale
