Archivio della ricerca della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
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From Climate Goals to Human Impacts: Why the EU Needs an Intersectional Shift Before COP30
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An EU Copyright Framework for Research: Opinion of the European Copyright Society
No full textResearch and academic freedom are at the core of the EU project. Yet, the relationship between EU copyright law and research is intricate. Research and education interests have traditionally been recognized within copyright law to some degree, however, the current EU copyright acquis is not really conducive to an effective research environment. This jeopardises the fulfilment of the EU’s ambitions in the field.
Building on the pillars of action of the European Research Area (ERA) Policy Agenda 2022-2024 and its follow-up, the ECS emphasises the need for a copyright framework that fosters research, and supports the call for immediate action on the EU copyright framework to address the most pressing challenges it raises for European researchers and their institutions.
This Opinion stresses the need to ensure a proper balance between IP rights, protected under Article 17(2) CFREU, and the freedom of art and science (Article 13 CFREU), coupled with the ‘right to research’, as enshrined in international legal instruments (UDHR and ICESCR), the objectives of the EU treaties, and the CFREU and ECHR. Various EU and national legal instruments are in place that facilitate access and reuse of scientific works, but these have several shortcomings. They weaken the effective balance between copyright, research policy needs, and the fulfilment of ERA policy goals, including the EU Open Science agenda.
This opinion focuses on the flaws in key provisions aimed at balancing copyright and research needs: the general InfoSoc Directive research exception, the text and data mining exception of the CDSM Directive and national secondary publication rights. It also briefly assesses the interface between copyright and (research) data regulation. We propose several policy interventions to address the identified shortcomings. These include the introduction of an EU-wide secondary publication right with specific characteristics; the amendment of text and data mining exceptions; the creation of a general mandatory research exception overcoming the challenges raised by Article 5(3)(d) InfoSoc; and a more careful legislative drafting to reduce legal complexity and ensure consistency across copyright and data legislation
A predictive surrogate model for heat transfer of an impinging jet on a concave surface
No full textThis paper aims to comprehensively investigate the efficacy of model order reduction and deep learning techniques in predicting heat transfer of pulsatile impinging jets on a concave surface. We introduce two predictive approaches: one employing a Fast Fourier Transform-augmented Artificial Neural Network for predicting the area-averaged Nusselt number under constant-frequency jet scenarios, and another comparing the performance of LSTM and Transformer neural networks for random-frequency jets. Results indicate that the Transformer significantly outperforms the LSTM, achieving higher accuracy and robustness in predicting Nusselt numbers — covering up to 50% of the cycle with precision, whereas the LSTM covers only 20% with greater error margins. Additionally, the integration of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition with Transformer networks yields a novel strategy for predicting local Nusselt number distributions. This method significantly reduces computational complexity while maintaining high accuracy, with a maximum prediction error of 5%. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of advanced deep learning techniques for temporal prediction of the Nusselt number on complex surfaces, suggesting further applicability in broader fluid dynamics and heat transfer analyses
A bitter aftertaste? The effects of privatisation reforms on evaluations of health systems across Europe
No full textWhat is the effect of healthcare privatisation on citizens’ views of the health system? Using an original data set of legislative changes in health policy and European Social Survey data on healthcare system evaluation, we analyse the link between healthcare privatisation reforms and citizens’ evaluations of health systems across 30 European countries. Our results show that after an initial positive reaction, privatisation is associated with the worsening of attitudes towards the health system. Partisanship of the government enacting privatisation matters for evaluations, but this effect of partisanship is relatively short-termed. Most importantly, results point to the critical importance of proximity. Privatisation reforms with more direct effects on healthcare use are evaluated more negatively compared with those with indirect effects, demonstrating the importance of policy proximity to beneficiaries. Similarly, an individual’s proximity to policy, which refers to direct exposure to health policy based on health status, has a more immediate and extended effect on evaluations compared to characteristics unrelated to care use, such as ideology. Overall, the results demonstrate that citizens react to privatisation in a dynamic way and discriminate between different types of privatisation reforms, contributing to a better understanding of the individual and the temporal dimension of policy effects
Biostimulant effect of apple and potato by-product extracts on viability and germinability of fresh and stored pollen in several fruit species
No full textReassessing Insurance Models under Climate Change: State of the Art and Legal Implications
No full textThis paper examines the dynamics of insurance within the context of climate
change, focusing on the complex interplay between anthropogenic environmental
transformations and the intensification of natural hazards. The progressive exacerbation of climate-related risks has prompted the adoption of international and domestic regulatory frameworks aimed at risk reduction, the promotion of resilient urban systems, and the operationalization of preventive adaptation strategies, with an emphasis on stakeholder participation and public engagement.
Insurance mechanisms are positioned as critical instruments within this normative and policy framework, functioning not only as financial risk-transfer tools but
also as catalysts for ex ante risk mitigation, adaptive governance, and the consolidation of multi-stakeholder networks. Their integration into climate governance is indispensable for achieving systemic resilience, as they enable the alignment of public
and private interests, facilitate the pooling and mutualization of risks, and incentivize
climate-resilient behavior across sectors. The paper underscores the necessity of
embedding insurance instruments within a broader legal architecture that encompasses civil, administrative, and, where applicable, criminal liabilities, thereby reinforcing compliance with adaptation obligations and advancing the global transition
toward sustainable risk governance
Micropatterned styrene-butadiene-styrene thin films doped with barium titanate nanoparticles: effects on myoblast differentiation
No full textTransesophageal Echocardiography Before Elective Direct Current Cardioversion in Cardiac Amyloidosis: Too Soon to Discard It?
No full textOptimization and Validation of an Artificial Bladder Design Through Finite Element Analysis to Meet Clinical Requirements
No full textBladder cancer and urinary dysfunctions present significant challenges to patient health and quality of life. Considering that radical cystectomy remains the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, there is an urgent need for the implantation of artificial bladders (ABs). In this study, we present the optimization and validation of a novel, collapsible, origami-based AB through Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. We evaluated various materials and wall thicknesses to improve unfolding capability and minimize structural stress concentrations. Simulations were conducted under different filling conditions, replicating the in-body constraints posed by surrounding organs. The optimal material-thickness combination, namely MoldStar 15 with a 2:1 wall-to-fold ratio, effectively maintained low intravesical pressures during filling (0.5-1.96 kPa), meeting the clinical requirements for renal function preservation. Stress analysis showed Von Mises stresses lower than 2.5 MPa, well below the material’s tensile stress limit, thus ensuring the structural integrity of the device. The AB model was validated by comparing FEM simulation results with a physical prototype, showing a pressure difference of approximately 15% and a volumetric overlap deviation under 10%