Archivio della ricerca della Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
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La sussidiarietà orizzontale nello spazio costituzionale europeo
Full text linkIl presente scritto si propone di riflettere sulla collocazione della sussidiarietà orizzontale nello spazio costituzionale europeo. La ricerca si inserisce in un contesto particolarmente significativo, segnato dalla rilevante attuazione che negli ultimi anni il legislatore italiano ha dato della sussidiarietà orizzontale, attraverso il Codice del Terzo settore. Tale operazione non poteva non creare qualche tensione con il diritto dell’Unione europea e con alcuni principi caratterizzanti la propria identità costituzionale, come quello di tutela della concorrenza e del divieto di aiuti di stato. Nello scritto si esamina dunque la problematica interazione del principio di cui all’art. 118, quarto comma, Cost. con l’ordinamento dell’Unione europea, anche alla luce dei più recenti approdi della giurisprudenza della Corte costituzionale italiana e della Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea.This paper aims to examine the interaction between horizontal subsidiarity and the European constitutional legal order. The research is set within a particularly significant context, marked by the implementation that the Italian legislator has recently given to horizontal subsidiarity through the Third Sector Code. This development inevitably generated some tensions with European Union law, especially with regard to competition law and the prohibition of state aid. This paper examines the complex interaction between the principle set forth in Article 118, paragraph 4, of the Italian Constitution and the EU legal order, also in the light of the recent case law of the Italian Constitutional Court and of the EU Court of Justice
State Silence and International Space Law
No full textThis Chapter focuses on the legal implication of State silence in international space law. The analysis proceeds chronologically by presenting three main topics: the emergence of the fundamental principles of space law, space mining, mega-constellations, and anti-satellite weapons. State silence is particularly important for the development of the space law regime: Since its inception, space activities concentrated around a few states and non-state actors, prompting the reaction of other states towards the identification of customary rules. More recently, subsequent practice and subsequent agreements of all state parties became particularly relevant for the interpretation of the main multilateral treaties that go back to the 1960s. This Chapter aims at describing the practice of States and scholarship on State silence in the context of the interpretation of treaties and the identification of customary international law
Rehabilitation with and Without Robot and Allied Digital Technologies (RADTs) in Stroke Patients: A Study Protocol for a Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness, Acceptability, Usability, and Economic-Organisational Sustainability of RADTs from Subacute to Chronic Phase (STROKEFIT4)
Full text linkARTEMIS: animal recognition through enhanced multimodal integration system
Full text linkThis paper introduces Animal Recognition Through Enhanced Multimodal Integration System (ARTEMIS), a transformer-based framework designed for multilabel animal action recognition by fusing video, image, and textual modalities. ARTEMIS utilizes state-of-the-art captioning and language models, such as BLIP2 and Llama 3, to generate textual descriptions from video frames, which are input to the model, significantly enhancing its performance unlikely previous results that do not consider this modality. Through comprehensive ablation studies, we explore the contribution of various model components and propose optimization strategies, including genetic algorithms and reinforcement learning, to dynamically adjust ensemble weights. Our feature alignment techniques-using contrastive and cosine similarity losses-further improve multimodal integration. Evaluations on the Animal Kingdom dataset, which includes 30,100 clips across 140 action classes, demonstrate that ARTEMIS achieves a new state-of-the-art mAP of 79.82, outperforming existing methods. The combination of multimodal fusion and ensemble strategies makes ARTEMIS a robust solution for complex animal action recognition tasks. The code of our fusion method is available at https://github.com/edofazza/ARTEMIS
Territories of Commons: A Review of Common Land Organizations and Institutions in the European Alps
Full text linkCommon land organizations and institutions (hereinafter: CLOIs) have been extensively studied worldwide. However, the extent of the European ones is relatively unknown, despite studies and evidence of their long existence. This is the first comparative study on the CLOIs at a European regional scale. This study focuses on the Alps as defined by the Alpine Convention, and presents the first comprehensive review of data, and status of CLOIs across and within 6 alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The aim is to assess (i) their historical evolution, (ii) their institutional arrangements and governance characteristics, and (iii) their numbers, surface, and land uses. To carry out this analysis, we used secondary data from official statistics, surveys, scientific and grey literature, legislation, and bylaws for each country and each region. The results show that CLOIs emerged in the Middle Ages and went through key changes in the 19th century, primarily due to Napoleon's influence in reorganising public administration structures, and post-World War II centralization processes, especially in eastern European countries. In total, we accounted for between 5785 and 11 063 CLOIs, distributed across 32 types in the 6 countries; among which, CLOIs with full property rights and membership based on farmstead ownership are the most frequent. The main land use for Alpine CLOIs is forest followed by pasturelands. CLOIs holding agricultural land, such as cropland, was instead reported for only one country and was negligible. In this review we have identified and highlighted several scientific gaps for future but urgent research on Alpine commons. This review depicts the need for more systematic and cross-country data collection, which could encourage networking and innovation, stakeholder engagement, and CLOIs' recognition in contributing to the sustainable development goals
