125878 research outputs found
Sort by
Personalità giuridica ed elettronica alla luce dell’AI Act: responsabilità, soggettività artificiale e giurisprudenza globale.
No full textIl rapido avanzare dell’intelligenza artificiale (IA) solleva interrogativi inediti sullo status giuridico degli agenti autonomi e sulla distribuzione delle responsabilità per i danni da essi causati. Il presente lavoro esamina il dibattito relativo alla “personalità giuridica elettronica” dell’IA e ne analizza l’evoluzione alla luce del recente AI Act europeo. Vengono confrontati gli approcci normativi di Unione Europea, Stati Uniti e Cina in materia di responsabilità civile e soggettività artificiale, evidenziando come nei tre ordinamenti prevalga – seppur con differenze di metodo – la scelta di non riconoscere all’IA uno status di soggetto di diritto, mantenendo invece gli esseri umani e le persone giuridiche tradizionali al centro dell’apparato di responsabilità. Nei paragrafi centrali si discutono casi emblematici a livello globale: dal robot Sophia (cittadinanza saudita) alle controversie su DABUS (IA inventrice nei brevetti), fino a decisioni giurisprudenziali quali l’uso di algoritmi predittivi in ambito penale (State v. Loomis negli USA) o civile (es. funzione Autocomplete di Google) e provvedimenti regolatori recenti (l’intervento del Garante Privacy italiano su ChatGPT, e il caso dell’auto a guida autonoma Uber a Tempe). L’analisi comparata evidenzia come, pur senza attribuire personalità giuridica alle macchine intelligenti, i sistemi giuridici stiano adattando principi e regole per affrontare le sfide poste dall’IA, tra esigenze di innovazione, tutela dei diritti e garanzia di rimedi effettivi. In conclusione, si propongono riflessioni critiche sul tema della responsabilità e sui limiti concettuali e pratici di un’eventuale soggettività giuridica artificiale, sottolineando la necessità di soluzioni normative bilanciate e di una cooperazione globale in materia
A Pragmatic Two-Step Screening Algorithm for Sarcopenia and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study
No full textSarcopenia and physical frailty are interconnected geriatric syndromes that frequently coexist in older adults, sharing common pathophysiological pathways. However, their early detection in community settings is limited by resource constraints and by the lack of simplified, scalable diagnostic tools. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence and overlap of sarcopenia and frailty in a real-world public health screening programme and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a pragmatic two-step algorithm. In September 2025, a total of 256 consecutive community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years underwent standardized assessment using the SARC-F questionnaire, handgrip strength dynamometry, and selective bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Sarcopenia was defined according to 2019 EWGSOP2 criteria, and frailty according to the Fried phenotype. Confirmed sarcopenia was identified in 37 participants (14.5%, 95% CI 10.7–19.1%) and frailty in 31 (12.1%, 95% CI 8.6–16.7%), with substantial overlap (77.4% of frail individuals also had sarcopenia; Cohen’s κ = 0.62). The two-step algorithm (Step 1: SARC-F ≥ 4; Step 2: handgrip strength and BIA only in screen-positive participants) demonstrated excellent accuracy for confirmed sarcopenia (AUC 0.913, 95% CI 0.871–0.955), with sensitivity 91.9%, specificity 81.3%, and a 53.9% reduction in BIA use. Factors independently associated with confirmed sarcopenia included older age, BMI < 22 kg/m2, physical inactivity, and higher SARC-F score. A simple, function-centered two-step approach enables efficient and scalable identification of sarcopenia and frailty in community settings, supporting early preventive strategies to preserve physical function
Produzione di ammendanti da necromasse di origine marina mediante trattamenti biologici integrati e arricchimento minerale
No full text
Advances in Cuprates and Iron-Based Superconductors: Physics, Properties, and Applications
No full text
The uncanny setting: therapeutic chatbots and the dissolution of the symbolic function in the clinical relationship
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) and therapeutic chatbots based on Large
Language Models (LLMs), which allow for dialogical interaction closely
resembling that with a human being, are transforming psychological practice
and generating new clinical and cultural challenges. This study explores the
impact of such technologies on therapeutic relationships, focusing on the
concept of the setting and the emergence of the Freudian notion of the
uncanny (Unheimlich) within human – machine interaction. Through
a review of the literature on major platforms (Woebot, Wysa, Elomia), it
becomes evident that although chatbots demonstrate efficacy in psychoeducational
support and accessibility, they are structurally incapable of reproducing
an authentic therapeutic setting. The absence of symbolic containment,
the impossibility of elaborating transference, and the lack of spatiotemporal
boundaries create an ambiguous clinical space, self-structured by the user.
The central theoretical contribution lies in the definition of the Uncanny
Setting: a hybrid psychic configuration in which interaction with the artificial
agent activates emotional experiences that oscillate between the familiar
and the unfamiliar, the real and the simulated. This dynamic arises when
chatbots display seemingly ‘human’ behaviours, generating ontological confusion
and undermining the symbolic function essential to the therapeutic
process. It unfolds within a culture of hype and a loss of awareness of both
Self and Other – elements fundamental to therapeutic transformation –
replaced by hypnocratic mechanisms characterised by constant emotional
stimulation and the suspension of critical discernment, with the concrete risk
of establishing a new form of AI-based addiction. The user enters a kind of
functional trance, losing the capacity to distinguish between symbolic elaboration
and algorithmic simulation. The clinical implications highlight the
need to rethink the integration of AI into psychology, considering not only
its technical efficacy but also its effects on the quality of consciousness and
contemporary therapeutic relationships
CARBON NEUTRAL ARCHITECTURE: LCA METHOD "FROM THE CRADLE TO THE CRADLE" FOR THE "ZERO EMISSIONS" DESIGN OF TIMBER BUILDINGS
No full textThe research aims to investigate the potential of using wood in the construction industry, a natural and renewable raw material, whose main property is CO2 storage, as it consists of half carbon: one m3 of wood absorbs about one ton of CO2. Therefore, if wood is used as a building material or wood product, the carbon remains absorbed for the entire life of the product.
A first phase will be addressed relating to practical work in which a methodology structured according to the LCA approach (UNI EN 15978:2011) will be outlined, with particular reference to the C2C phase (from Cradle to Cradle), with the aim of eliminating emissions from buildings with a predominantly timber construction system. A model will therefore be developed that provides, with respect to an initial data, appropriate strategic actions for the reduction of the quantity of emissions, estimated by incidence of "carbon credit" for each phase of the life cycle.
The methodological approach outlined in the first phase will be applied to two timber buildings (completed works) with two different construction systems: a load-bearing structure in CLT panels and a framed laminated timber structure. In the third and final phase, an analysis and careful processing of the results obtained will follow. The aim of this study is to highlight the potential of timber construction systems, of their profitable and conscious use, whose primary objective is the elimination of greenhouse gas emissions, in the perspective of total emission neutrality
A novel system to record pulses, thrills, and bruit sounds generated by arteriovenous fistulas
No full textArteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred vascular accesses for hemodialysis and are made by anastomosing an artery and a vein. The arterial blood flowing into the anastomosed vein results in abnormal infrasonic and audible vibrations of venous walls, which produce tactile and audible sensations known as thrill and bruit sounds. Physical examination of AVFs is instrumental for early detection of stenoses, but it is operator-dependent. Several measurement systems have been proposed for quantitative analysis of bruit sounds, and only a few focused on thrill. However, none of these has demonstrated that the signals acquired correspond to the thrill and bruit sounds perceived by physicians. This study presents, for the first time in literature, a novel AVF monitoring system that simultaneously records sphygmic pulses, thrills, and bruit sounds signals, also demonstrating that they share the same behaviors of tactile and audible sensations perceived by physicians. The proposed system is based on a small, non-invasive force sensor that captures both infrasonic and audible vibrations, and an ad hoc signal processing that accurately separates sphygmic pulses from thrills and bruit sounds. Experimental tests were carried out on 18 patients to assess two common behaviors observed during medical routine examinations. In particular, recordings were acquired on 3 measurement sites along the anastomosed vein, to verify the progressive amplitude reduction of thrill and bruit sounds from the anastomosis, and also their brisk amplitude reduction during vein occlusion tests. One-tailed Wilcoxon rank sum tests confirmed the expected amplitude reductions in both tests (p < 0.00001). In conclusion, the proposed AVF monitoring system accurately captures all vibrations produced by AVFs, which could be used to quantitatively evaluate the health status of patients and improve their surveillance
Recensione a Ch. Walde, Lucans Epos vom Bürgerkrieg zwischen Caesar und Pompeius. Eine poetische Anatomie menschlicher Destruktivität, Berlin-Boston 2025
No full textReview of Ch. Walde, Lucans Epos vom Bürgerkrieg zwischen Caesar und Pompeius. Eine poetische Anatomie menschlicher Destruktivität, Berlin-Boston 202