60419 research outputs found
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The Nature of Positive Post-Diagnostic Support as Experienced by People With Young Onset Dementia
No full textObjectives: Studies on service needs of people with young onset dementia have taken a problem-oriented approach with resulting recommendations focusing on reducing service shortcomings. This study aimed to build on 'what works' in real-life practice by exploring the nature of post-diagnostic support services that were perceived positively by younger people with dementia and carers.Method: Positive examples of support were gathered between August 2017 and September 2018, via a national survey. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to explore the nature of positively experienced services provided for younger people with dementia, including analysis of what was provided by positively experienced services.Results: Two hundred and thirty-three respondents reported 856 positive experiences of support. Data analysis yielded eight themes regarding the objectives of positive services: Specialist Advice and Information on Young Onset Dementia, Access to Age-appropriate Services, Interventions for Physical and Mental Health, Opportunities for Social Participation, Opportunities to Have a Voice, Enablement of Independence while Managing Risk, Enablement of Financial Stability, and Support Interventions for Family Relationships.Conclusion: The study findings (a) suggest that positive services may collectively create an enabling-protective circle that supports YPD to re-establish and maintain a positive identity in the face of young onset dementia, and (b) provide a basis from which future good practice can be developed
COVID-19 recognition and digital risk stratification
No full textIn the acute hospital setting the COVID-19 pandemic presents some unique challenges to acute patient care. These include accurate recognition of cases, confirmation of both testing requests and results, establishing patient acuity and alerting to deterioration. We report our experience introducing a digital COVID-19 assessment tool with an associated live dashboard at two acute NHS hospitals, enabling accurate hospital-level reporting alongside risk stratification
Jones matrix-based speckle-decorrelation angiography using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography
No full textWe show that polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography angiography (PS-OCTA) based on full Jones matrix assessment of speckle decorrelation offers improved contrast and depth of vessel imaging over conventional OCTA. We determine how best to combine the individual Jones matrix elements and compare the resulting image quality to that of a conventional OCT scanner by co-locating and imaging the same skin locations with closely matched scanning setups. Vessel projection images from finger and forearm skin demonstrate the benefits of Jones matrix-based PS-OCTA. Our study provides a promising starting point and a useful reference for future pre-clinical and clinical applications of Jones matrix-based PS-OCTA
Modelling and optimization studies on decolorization of brilliant green dye using integrated nanofiltration and photocatalysis
No full textThe current work explores the treatment of dye wastewater using the combination of photocatalysis and ceramic nanofiltration process. Commercial ceramic membrane and titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst were used in this study to investigate the removal of Brilliant Green (BG) dye from the synthetic dye wastewater solution. The effect of various operating parameters on dye decolorization and total organic carbon removal were investigated. The operating parameters (pH, catalyst loading and time duration) were optimized using an experimental design model namely Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The use of experimental design by RSM resulted in the improvement of dye decolorization at optimum conditions. In addition to these operating parameters, the trend of initial dye concentration and the influence of catalyst loading on permeate flux was also studied. Around 99% of decolorization was obtained by the hybrid system at 500 mg L− 1 of dye concentration, 1 g L− 1 of TiO2 dosage, pH of 4.2 and 90 min. The integrated system i.e. photocatalytic reactor with nanofiltration membrane has shown complete removal of BG dye compared to individual systems. From the present study, it can be concluded that this integrated system is one of the efficient methods for dye treatment
Gender flip and person marking in Benchnon (North Omotic)
No full textSubject agreement in the North Omotic language Benchnon (Rapold 2006) lacks dedicated person marking, but indirectly indicates person distinctions through asymmetries in the distribution of gender markers. In one verbal paradigm, first and second person subjects are expressed by feminine morphology, and in the other paradigm they are expressed by masculine morphology. This is hard to reconcile with any known notion of how gender assignment works. I show that it can be explained as the particular instantiation of a rare but cross-linguistically recurrent pattern in which a (reduced) person marking system is generated by restrictions on gender agreement: only third person subjects control semantic gender agreement, while first and second person are assigned default gender. In Benchnon the default gender switched from feminine to masculine over the course of its history, yielding two contrasting verbal paradigms. The older one is morphologically frozen, the newer one is a reflection of still-active agreement conditions. Further developments show that the older paradigm can be adapted to conform to the newer conditions, showing that the division between morphosyntactically motivated and arbitrarily stipulated morphology is a fluid one
The Human Capital Legacy Of A Trade Embargo
No full textWe estimate the effects of in-utero exposure to a trade embargo on survival and
human capital in an import-dependent developing country. Using a regression discontinuity
design, we find that a nearly comprehensive embargo imposed by India
on Nepal in 1989 led to a large decline in reported live births, and increased early
life mortality. The decline in births is concentrated in poorer, more remote districts,
and is sharper for female births than male births, consistent with documented gender
discrimination. Women survivors of exposure are more educated in adulthood
than unexposed cohorts
Does process reengineering and digitalization eliminate corruption? Examining 'paperless' vehicle clearance at Ghana's port
No full textCorruption occurs globally but is noted as a bottleneck to socioeconomic development in many developing countries. Reengineering of business processes, alongside digitalization, occurs in various developing countries as part of efforts to improve organizational processes and to help in the fight against corruption. But while such initiatives have been associated with some improvements, they have questionable results in the overall control of corruption. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how and why in developing countries corruption persists in spite of reengineered business processes and digitalization. Through an exploratory case of a reengineered digitalized vehicle import clearance process at Ghana’s ports (dubbed by the government as ‘paperless’), we inductively trace complex interdependencies in the situated sociotechnical work system involving information systems, processes, individuals and organizations as well as associated corrupt practices. Our analysis reveals a complex network of cross-cutting interactions, actors and interests underpinning corruption, as well as the creation of new corruption opportunities where digitalization had disrupted old ones. We discuss the implications of our findings and derive explanatory propositions to guide further research
Gender inequalities in pension income : the case of England and Spain.
No full textThis thesis explores gender role differences as indicators of inequalities in pension income, using the cases of England and Spain. It contains several layers of comparison both through using these two nations, but also by exploring birth cohort differences between those born before and after 1939, in order to better understand how context influences pension income inequalities between men and women. The main research strategy in this thesis has been a quantitative approach, adopted to provide a robust within-country analysis in England and Spain. The cross-country comparison on the other hand, adopts a qualitative dimension, where the aim is not to directly quantify the differences between the two countries, but to provide an indirect comparison that embeds the quantitative results obtained from the within-country analysis in a comprehensive contextual analysis of gender differences in pension income in the two countries.
For the quantitative analysis, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) has been used for England, and the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for Spain, using retrospective and cross-sectional data in both datasets. The aim of doing a cross-national comparison from a qualitative perspective instead, has been to obtain a deeper understanding of gender inequalities in pension income considering more critically their cultural, institutional and historical contexts. This combined approach provides a robust understanding of how personal circumstances across the lifecourse impact gender differences in pension income in each country. It also critically assesses the role of a complex set of different contextual factors in measuring differences in pension income between men and women, delivering a detailed cross-country discussion.
Gender inequalities in pension income are a complex issue, which are interlinked to both micro and macro factors. In this thesis, context plays a central role in understanding gender differences in pension income. However, despite differences in the mechanisms by which current (2010-12) retired women have become disadvantaged with regards to pension income in England and Spain, the result is similar. The gender pension income gap is a problem in both England and Spain. This is higher in England than in Spain, although in Spain access to pension income is more of an issue, mostly for women, at least for the current (2010-12) generation of retirees.
Women in both countries have been penalised by their respective pension systems, for not meeting or only partially meeting pension requirements. Policies imposed by governmental institutions, in particular in areas such as employment or family, have in some cases stopped women from meeting these pension requirements. The political institutions and systems of England and Spain as well as their labour markets cannot be the only factors blamed for pension income differences however. Specific lifestyles framed in traditional gender roles and family culture, are another key factors in explaining these differences
Authentic Leadership and Career Satisfaction: The Meditating Role of Thriving and Conditional Effect of Psychological Contract Fulfillment
No full textPurpose
This study aims examine the impact of authentic leadership on the career satisfaction of hospitality employees through the lens of thriving. The two components of thriving, that is, learning and vitality, are tested as mediators, and psychological contract fulfillment is tested as a boundary factor.
Design/methodology/approach
Data are collected using an online survey through the Qualtrics panel service in the USA. Structural equation modeling and an invariance test are conducted to investigate the framework.
Findings
The findings show that authentic leadership can determine career satisfaction through the influence of learning and vitality. Moreover, psychological contract fulfillment exerts a conditional effect on this mediation.
Practical implications
The findings of this study extend the understanding on authentic leadership and its impact under specific conditions. This study offers several meaningful recommendations to hospitality managers on how to influence employees’ career success to maintain sustainable performance. Detailed approaches include establishing practices for regular and authentic leadership development, increasing attention on employee thriving states and addressing employee psychological contracts.
Originality/value
This study enriches research on authentic leadership and career management in the hospitality industry. Moreover, this study provides meaningful insights by examining the relationships between authentic leadership, thriving, career satisfaction and psychological contracts
From Individual to Social Trauma: Sources of Everyday Trauma in Italy, the US and UK during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThe heterogeneity of COVID-19 experience and response for each individual is irrefutable; nevertheless, similarities can be observed between countries with respect to people’s psychological responses. The main aim of this Commentary is to provide a cultural perspective of the sources of trauma, at the individual and social level, in three different countries: Italy, US and UK. The evidence from previous outbreaks, such as SARS, H1N1 flu, Ebola, and the ongoing Italian, the US and the UK experience of COVID-19 shows that COVID-19 has introduced not only an individual trauma, but also a collective trauma, that researchers should attend to now and in future global emergencies. Future clinical interventions should aim to reconnect dissociated parts both in the individual and in society. This commentary discusses four potential sources of trauma: high-stakes decision fatigue in healthcare professionals, traumatic grief and bereavement in people who have lost loved ones, loss of roles and identity, and social divisions related to economic shutdown
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