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Computational Modelling and Analysis of Thermo-Mechanical and Material Flow Characteristics in Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) of Thin AA7075-T6 Sheets using Advanced Meshless Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Approach
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SANDSTONE AND SHALE
No full textMajor Rock Type: Sedimentary Rock
Lithology: Sandstone
Age: Oligocene – Early Miocene (33.9 – 15.97 million years ago)
Origin: Beaufort, Kota Kinabalu
* This is a compacted sandstone from Crocker Formation in Sabah, similar to the other sandstone samples from Croker Formation.
* The sample has very fine to fine grains of minerals, mostly accommodated by higher concentration of quartz.
* The grains shape is rounded to sub-rounded and the composition of the sandstone is almost similar to quartz arenite.
* All the sandstone from Crocker Fm. Might have gone through slight metamorphism due to emplacement of the Kinabalu igneous pluton.
* Spherical shape sandstone known as cannon ball which is medium to coarse grained is a unique geological process where mineral rich water seeps through the porous layers and act as a kind of glue, holding these sediments together, often forming around a core. As more and more layers are deposited, the concretion builds outward like a pearl, before being exposed by erosion
PORPHYRITIC GRANITE
No full textMajor Rock Type: Igneous Rock
Province: Main Range Province
Age: Late Triassic (230 - 200 million years ago)
Origin: Tampin, Negeri Sembilan
* Granite is a coarse-grained, igneous rock composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is one of the most abundant rocks in the Earth's crust and forms from the slow crystallization of magma beneath the Earth's surface. The word "granite" comes from the Latin word "granum," which means grain, highlighting the rock's granular texture.
* Granite is renowned for its exceptional durability, making it a popular choice for various applications in construction and design.
Nestled in the heart of Tampin, Negeri Sembilan, donated by Halaman Mantap Sdn.Bhd, granite extracted from this region emerges as a unique and valuable geological masterpiece for ornamental, tabletop and tiles.
* Granite that have been polished to a high sheen produce natural beauty that not only improves aesthetics but also adds a layer of protection, making it more resistant to stains and scratches.
Its trinity of minerals—quartz, providing unwavering hardness; feldspar, bestowing color and alkali richness; and mica, lending a captivating reflective quality.
* This is due to gradual cooling and crystallization of molten magma beneath the Earth's surface. As minerals like quartz, feldspar, and mica slowly crystallize and interlock during this cooling process, they form granite's distinctive coarse-grained texture