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ASO Author Reflections: Robotic Partial Nephrectomy Using Barbed Sutures and Elongated Pledgets for Renorrhaphy
No full textLinguaggi della normatività contemporanea: norme sensoriali e sperimentali nel settore alimentare
No full textNella normatività contemporanea del diritto agro-alimentare si ritrovano “norme sensoriali" e "Norme sperimentali". Il cibo esprime un contesto normativo sensoriale, un insieme di conoscenze, di abitudini, di riti. Le "norme sensoriali" legate al cibo hanno un valore doppiamente “performativo” perché ci dicono come i sensi influenzano il diritto e come il diritto costruisce i sensi. La “normatività sperimentale” interroga il diritto sotto diversi profili tra i quali: la giustificabilità della scelta sperimentale, l’individuazione di un metodo, la “trasferibilità” dei risultati eventualmente ottenuti in contesti limitati, la trasparenza dei processi, la rispondenza ai principi di certezza del diritto e di uguaglianza di trattamento, la presenza di risorse adeguate. Le “norme sensoriali” e le “norme sperimentali” sono inserite in un flusso normativo che interroga la normatività contemporanea in diversi modi lasciando emergere “paradossi” e profonde trasformazioni del diritto
Per un tentativo di lettura "conforme" degli sviluppi giurisprudenziali recenti ai paradigmi della sentenza La Pergola
No full textIl saggio prova ad inquadrare i recenti approdi giurisprudenziali in una cornice di medio periodo,
evidenziandone divergenze, ma anche punti di contatto rispetto a precedenti indicazioni della
Corte costituzionale. L’ipotesi è quella per cui non si assista, comunque, ad un superamento
completo della dottrina Granital, ma viceversa sia possibile offrirne una rilettura “adeguata” alla
recente fisionomia delle relazioni fra le Corti, legata anche al mutamento del quadro interordinamentale
Analysis and evaluation of compostable and conventional films for packaging bakery goods in modified atmospheres with the use of Microcontroller Unit (MCU) and digital sensors
No full textPreserving bakery products is essential for ensuring quality, and there is growing interest in developing sustainable preservation techniques. Innovative compostable materials like PBS (Polybutylene Succinate), PBSA-CHT or Poly(butylene Succinate) blendend with chitosan), and Polylactic Acid (PLA) are being studied with the aim to reduce waste, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and promote biodiversity. Evaluating these materials for food packaging involves analyzing their gas permeability, as a modified atmosphere is often used to extend shelf life. Key factors include gas concentration, humidity, temperature, and pressure. To assess the performance of these new materials, a data collection system was developed using a WiFi enabled microcontroller with digital sensors for temperature, humidity, and pressure. This compact, battery-powered system can be placed inside packages, providing continuous data without compromising the package integrity. A validation protocol was also created to compare compostable films (PBSA, PBSA-CHT, PLA) with conventional materials (PET, PP). It includes three tests: the Bubble Test for micro holes, Water Vapor Retention, and Gas Composition Retention during shelf life. This non-destructive monitoring method enhances understanding of compostable films' properties, offering insights for developing effective, sustainable packaging solutions that could replace conventional polymers
Il condizionamento dell’opinione pubblica in campo politico ed economico (relazione AIC)
No full textLa libertà di manifestazione del pensiero, storicamente mediata dal “tribunale dell’opinione pubblica”, è oggi radicalmente trasformata dai nuovi media e dal potere delle grandi piattaforme digitali.
Il suffragio universale e l’evoluzione tecnologica hanno spostato il baricentro della comunicazione politica: non più élite da convincere, ma masse da orientare, spesso tramite meccanismi di disinformazione e propaganda.
Nella rete la “verità” perde consistenza: ciò che conta è il traffico, il ranking, la capacità di generare attenzione. La politica diventa marginale rispetto agli interessi economici delle piattaforme (gli “unicorni”), che dominano lo spazio pubblico.
Il pluralismo, principio costituzionale cardine, non è garantito né dal mercato né dagli algoritmi: occorre un modello di pluralismo “outside-in”, cioè un intervento statale e sovranazionale che introduca contenuti di qualità, regole di trasparenza e fiscalità informazionale.
L’intelligenza artificiale segna una nuova fase: può rafforzare la manipolazione (deepfake, microtargeting, sorveglianza), ma anche costituire un alleato dell’uomo in una simbiosi conoscitiva che amplia la partecipazione democratica.
La sfida è evitare che l’IA diventi un monopolio o uno strumento di pura propaganda, trattandola invece come operatore di comunicazione soggetto a regole di pluralismo.
In prospettiva, l’IA a pagamento e quella gratuita potrebbero coesistere, ma lo Stato dovrebbe assicurare un accesso universale alla conoscenza, altrimenti la democrazia rischia di ridursi a merce.
In conclusione: la democrazia deve reinventare il proprio rapporto con il mercato delle idee nell’era della simbiosi uomo-macchina, promuovendo un pluralismo attivo e garantendo che la conoscenza prodotta dall’IA diventi patrimonio condiviso e non strumento oligarchico.Freedom of expression, historically mediated by the “tribunal of public opinion”, has today been radically transformed by new media and by the power of major digital platforms.
Universal suffrage and technological evolution have shifted the center of gravity of political communication: no longer elites to be persuaded, but masses to be steered—often through mechanisms of disinformation and propaganda.
Within the digital sphere, “truth” loses its consistency: what matters is traffic, ranking, and the ability to capture attention. Politics becomes marginal compared to the economic interests of platforms (the “unicorns”) that dominate the public space.
Pluralism, a cardinal constitutional principle, is guaranteed neither by the market nor by algorithms: what is needed is an “outside-in” model of pluralism, that is, state and supranational intervention introducing quality content, rules of transparency, and an informational tax system.
Artificial intelligence marks a new phase: it can reinforce manipulation (deepfakes, microtargeting, surveillance), but it may also serve as an ally of humankind in a cognitive symbiosis that expands democratic participation.
The challenge is to prevent AI from becoming a monopoly or a mere instrument of propaganda, and instead to treat it as a communicative actor subject to rules of pluralism.
Looking ahead, paid and free forms of AI might coexist, but the state should guarantee universal access to knowledge; otherwise, democracy risks being reduced to a commodity.In conclusion, democracy must reinvent its relationship with the marketplace of ideas in the era of human–machine symbiosis, fostering an active pluralism and ensuring that the knowledge generated by AI becomes a shared patrimony rather than an oligarchic tool
Warming up the frozen elephant trunk for aortic arch pathology
No full textBackground: The frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique is a well-established procedure for chronic and acute aortic arch (AA) pathologies. Over time, practice has shifted from deep to moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA), especially for elective cases. This strategy might, however, impact neurological and renal outcomes. The aim of this single-center study is to assess the safety of very mild HCA (MiHCA) in patients who underwent FET with a core temperature ≥30 °C. Methods: Data on all consecutive patients who electively or urgently underwent FET requiring HCA at Cardiac Surgery Unit of the University of Pisa were collected. In all cases, antegrade selective cerebral perfusion was performed, and hypothermia was maintained only during circulatory arrest (CA). We assessed postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), neurological events, and bleeding as primary endpoints. Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the predictors of the three outcomes. Results: We included 92 patients, 86% of which presented with an acute aortic syndrome. Of this cohort, 17% had neurological deficits at baseline and 9% were intubated at arrival; the German Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (GERAADA) score was 24%±14%. The mean bladder temperature was 30±1.6 °C, and the mean cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and CA times were 219±78 and 15 (I–III quartile, 13–19) min, respectively. Median cerebral perfusion time was 59 (I–III quartile, 31–113) min, bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) was performed in 96% of cases, and unilateral in 4%. Packing for bleeding was necessary in 4% of cases, and 21% of patients required surgical revision for bleeding within the first 24 hours from surgery. We had one (1%) fatal, eight (9%) disabling, and five (5%) non-disabling strokes, while 6% of patients developed renal impairment requiring temporary venovenous hemofiltration. Thirty-day mortality was 14%. Bladder temperature was not associated with outcomes, while retrograde perfusion and GERAADA score were predictors of neurological events. GERAADA score also tended to predict postoperative bleeding, while the involvement of the descending aorta tended to predict renal impairment. Conclusions: CA with core temperatures above 30 °C, paired with selective bilateral cerebral perfusion, resulted in the best outcomes in patients undergoing FET in case of acute aortic syndromes
Multi-site investigation of gut microbiota in CDKL5 deficiency disorder mouse models: Targeting dysbiosis to improve neurological outcomes
No full textCyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder often associated with gastrointestinal (GI) issues and subclinical immune dysregulation, suggesting a link to the gut microbiota. We analyze the fecal microbiota composition in two CDKL5 knockout (KO) mouse models at postnatal days (P) 25, 32 (youth), and 70 (adulthood), revealing significant microbial imbalances, particularly during juvenile stages. To investigate the role of the intestinal microbiota in CDD and assess causality, we administer antibiotics, which lead to improved visual cortical responses and reduce hyperactivity. Additionally, microglia morphology changes, indicative of altered surveillance and activation states, are reversed. Strikingly, fecal transplantation from CDKL5 KO to wild-type (WT) recipient mice successfully transfers both visual response deficits and hyperactive behavior. These findings show that gut microbiota alterations contribute to the severity of neurological symptoms in CDD, shedding light on the interplay between microbiota, microglia, and neurodevelopmental outcomes
Erratum to “Textbook outcomes and minimally invasive techniques in resectable gallbladder cancer: A global cohort Study” [Eur J Surg Oncol 51 10 (2025) 110284]
No full textThe publisher regrets the misspelt name of the author, Iswanto Sucandy. The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused
Robust NMPC strategy for solar sail trajectory control in uncertain environments
No full textThis work presents a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) framework for robust trajectory optimization of solar sail-propelled spacecraft. Solar sail trajectory design is inherently challenging due to the coupling between the sail attitude dynamics and the spacecraft orbital motion, and the presence of significant uncertainties. Traditional open-loop optimal control methods are often inadequate for handling these uncertainties, including those related to orbital insertion, state observation, and solar sail propulsion. The proposed NMPC approach discretizes the dynamics of the system into a finite number of arcs, with control inputs held constant in each arc. By incorporating a nominal dynamical model, NMPC generates an optimal trajectory. This solution is then periodically updated to mitigate the effects of environmental uncertainties not accounted for in the nominal model. The effectiveness of the NMPC framework is demonstrated through simulations of various three-dimensional time-optimal interplanetary transfer scenarios. Results show that NMPC exhibits high robustness, enabling the spacecraft to successfully reach its target destination even in the presence of multiple simultaneous uncertainties