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No full textIn recent decades, the production of cultural memory has expanded beyond traditional state and institutional control, permeating civil society and private life. Drawing on Assmann’s and Nora’s theories, this essay explores how memory has shifted from a centralized national narrative to diverse local, digital, and domestic forms. The emergence of “wild archives” – informal collections of memories in digital spaces and personal settings – challenges traditional archival institutions. The democratization of memory, facilitated by digital
technologies and grassroots initiatives, transforms historical preservation, raising questions about authenticity, authority, and institutional adaptation in a rapidly evolving landscape
La disciplina giuridica della montagna e lo sviluppo sostenibile: profili critici e tutela dei diritti fondamentali
No full textQuesto contributo analizza criticamente la disciplina giuridica delle zone montane nell’ordinamento italiano, alla luce della più recente evoluzione del quadro normativo nazionale e delle influenze del diritto europeo. L’articolo, in particolare, argomenta come il principio dello sviluppo sostenibile, nella sua declinazione di matrice neoliberale, abbia progressivamente sostituito l’originaria finalità costituzionale di tutela e promozione dell’uguaglianza sostanziale nei territori montani con le logiche efficientistiche e le dinamiche concorrenziali del mercato. Attraverso l’analisi della giurisprudenza e del diritto positivo italiano e comunitario, nonché della prassi delle autorità amministrative, il contributo mette in risalto come il dogma dello sviluppo sostenibile orienti le politiche pubbliche ed i pubblici poteri verso la finanziarizzazione e lo sfruttamento economico delle risorse naturali delle zone montane, mettendo a repentaglio la funzione sociale e ambientale della montagna quale spazio di tutela dei diritti fondamentali.This article provides a critical analysis of the legal framework governing mountain areas in Italy, with reference to recent developments in national legislation and the influence of European law. The article posits that the neoliberal interpretation of sustainable development has progressively diverged from the original constitutional objective of safeguarding and fostering substantive equality in mountainous areas, supplanting it with a paradigm driven by the imperatives of efficiency and market competition. Through an analysis of Italian and EU case law and positive legislation, as well as the practices of administrative
authorities, the article highlights how the dogma of sustainable development is steering public policy and public authorities towards the financialization and economic exploitation of natural resources in mountain areas, thus jeopardising the social and environmental function of mountains as spaces for the protection of fundamental rights
Equity in neuromuscular research: a 20-year analysis of race, ethnicity, sex, and age representation
No full textObjectives: We conducted a systematic analysis of studies on neuromuscular diseases registered on ClinicalTrials.gov over the last 20 years to assess disparities in study populations. Methods: Data from interventional and observational neuromuscular disease studies initiated between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2024, were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed/MEDLINE. Collected variables included participant race, ethnicity, sex, eligible age range, mean and median ages, as well as study funding source, start year, and phase. These variables were analyzed to evaluate disparities in race, ethnicity, and age across studies and over time. Results: A total of 2166 studies were screened, with 462 meeting inclusion criteria, encompassing data from 37,131 participants. Most participants were male (61.4%), White (83.5%), and non-Hispanic/Latino (87.6%). While the proportion of studies reporting race and ethnicity increased over time (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively), the racial and ethnic composition of participants remained unchanged (p = 1). Studies on X-linked recessive disorders (i.e., Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy, and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SMA)) predominantly excluded female participants. Regarding age accessibility, 37.9% of studies allowed children. Similarly, trial accessibility for older adults was limited. Even in studies with broader age eligibility, mean and median participant ages clustered around midlife, with underrepresentation at both age extremes. Notably, about half of DMD and SMA studies excluded participants over 16 and 18 years, respectively. Conclusion: Significant disparities persist in race, ethnicity, and age representation in neuromuscular disease clinical research, highlighting the need for more inclusive study designs
Thrombosis, bleeding, and mortality in patients with sepsis-induced coagulopathy: Analysis of a prospective cohort
No full textBackground: Sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) is an early phase of disseminated intravascular coagulation and a candidate marker for risk stratification. Although SIC is linked to higher mortality, its value for predicting thrombotic and hemorrhagic events remains uncertain. We assessed the prevalence of SIC and its association with hemostatic complications and mortality in sepsis. Methods: In a prospective cohort of 389 adults with sepsis admitted to an intermediate care unit, SIC was defined by International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria (score >= 4). Primary outcomes were 30-day venous thromboembolism, arterial thrombosis, and bleeding; all-cause 30-day mortality was secondary. Predictive performance of the SIC score was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis, bootstrap resampling, and Monte Carlo simulation. Results: SIC was present in 33.4 % of patients. Thirty-day mortality was 27.1 % in SIC-positive patients versus 13.1 % in SIC-negative patients (p = 0.001), and SIC remained independently associated with death (adjusted OR 1.43; 95 % CI 1.13-1.80; p = 0.003). SIC positivity was not associated with overall thrombotic events: 42.9 % (12/28) of patients with thrombosis and 32.7 % (118/361) without thrombosis had SIC (p = 0.301). Discrimination for thrombotic and hemorrhagic events was poor (AUROC 0.573 and 0.576, respectively), with further decline after resampling; simulation analyses confirmed limited predictive capacity for either complication. Conclusions: In this cohort, SIC was associated with higher mortality but not with thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. This association likely reflects overall severity of illness rather than clinically overt vascular complications. These findings do not support using SIC alone to guide anticoagulation or transfusion decisions and support the development of outcome-specific risk models, potentially integrating dynamic clinical variables and serial laboratory trajectories
Incidence of Bacterial Colonization of Intravenous Non-Permanent Venous Catheters in Hospitalized Equine Patients
No full textBacterial contamination of intravenous catheters in hospitalized horses may pose risks for both patient care and public health due to potential antimicrobial resistance and zoonotic transmission. This prospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the incidence of catheter contamination in equine patients admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2020 and 2021. All horses requiring intravenous catheterization were included, and data were collected on patient signalment, clinical status, duration of catheterization, treatments, and outcomes. Two catheter types were used: 5 cm polytetrafluoroethylene and 11 cm polyurethane, both 14-gauge. Catheters were aseptically removed, and the distal ends were cultured on Blood Agar and Brain Heart Infusion broth. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques, and contamination was defined as any detectable bacterial growth. Of the 58 catheters collected from 52 patients, 38 (65.5%) showed bacterial growth, predominantly Staphylococcus spp. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified antibiotic treatment as significantly associated with positive bacteriological culture. These findings indicate a higher contamination rate than previously reported in horses. While colonization may not always result in clinical infection, the observed frequency of contamination underscores the need for careful catheter management and further investigation into its implications for antimicrobial stewardship
Cochlear Implant (CI) procedure. Italian Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SIOeChCF) and Italian Society of Audiology and Phoniatrics (SIAF). Part 2: cochlear implants in children
No full textObjective. Cochlear implant (CI) is a well-established treatment for children with sensorineural hearing loss without benefit from hearing aids. The Italian guidelines date back 15 years; given the expansion of indications for CI (including single side deafness and asymmetrical hearing loss) it became necessary to establish updated guidelines. Methods. Thirteen experts and 2 patient representatives selected the key questions and drew up recommendations. The document was developed following the GRADE methodology. The methodological team of the Mario Negri Pharmacological Research Institute performed systematic reviews for each question and supported the overall process. Results. Four key questions were identified and recommendation formulated, with subgroups and implementation considerations. Conclusions. Though the systematic research of scientific literature found a scarcity of randomised trials and an overall poor conduct and reporting quality of primary studies and systematic reviews, conditional recommendations in favour of CI have been formulated for different subgroups of children. Further studies should enrol a larger number of participants and use consistent instruments to evaluate hearing outcomes, in order to increase comparability of results and data pooling through meta-analysis
Human-Centered AI and Autonomy in Robotics: Insights from a Bibliometric Study
No full textThe development of autonomous robotic systems offers significant potential for performing complex tasks with precision and consistency. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have enabled more capable intelligent automation systems, addressing increasingly complex challenges. However, this progress raises questions about human roles in such systems. Human-Centered AI (HCAI) aims to balance human control and automation, ensuring performance enhancement while maintaining creativity, mastery, and responsibility. For real-world applications, autonomous robots must balance task performance with reliability, safety, and trustworthiness. Integrating HCAI principles enhances human-robot collaboration and ensures responsible operation. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of intelligent autonomous robotic systems, utilizing SciMAT and VOSViewer to examine data from the Scopus database. The findings highlight academic trends, emerging topics, and AI's role in self-adaptive robotic behaviour, with an emphasis on HCAI architecture. These insights are then projected onto the IBM MAPE-K architecture, with the goal of identifying how these research results map into actual robotic autonomous systems development efforts for real-world scenarios
Intertwined orders in a quantum material
No full textSymmetry-protected topological orders are often in competition with electronic correlations that tend to induce orders with broken symmetry. Now, a quantum material is shown to exhibit correlation-driven tuneable excitonic instabilities intertwined with symmetry-protected topological orders
A State-of-the-Art Review of Ophthalmological Indications for a Cesarean Section: Is There a Patient for Whom a Cesarean Section Is Really Indicated?
No full textPurpose: Our purpose was to review the current literature regarding ophthalmologic indications for cesarean section (CS). Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception through October 2024. The databases were searched using the following keywords: “Caesarean section” OR “Caesarean section” OR “delivery” OR “pregnancy” AND “eyes” OR “eye disorders” OR “ocular disease” OR “diabetic retinopathy” OR “myopia” OR “retinal detachment” OR “glaucoma” OR “keratoconus”. Studies were considered eligible if they described pregnancy management in women affected by an eye disorder, with insight into the mode of delivery. Results: A total of 8383 results were identified, including only 1 specific guideline and no randomized controlled trials. After a manual review, 38 manuscripts were selected for inclusion. Based on the available evidence, an elective CS may be considered on a case-by-case basis in the presence of specific ophthalmic conditions, such as high-grade myopia with subretinal neovascularization, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, advanced glaucoma, or advanced keratoconus. These conditions are rare among women of childbearing age. Conclusions: Currently, only a limited number of highly specific ophthalmic conditions may benefit from an elective CS. Considering the potential short- and long-term implications of a CS, and in line with the current World Health Organization recommendations, this surgical procedure should be reserved for cases with a clear indication. Given the paucity of data in the available literature, further prospective randomized controlled trials are necessary to enhance the quality of evidence