2821 research outputs found
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Emergency admissions' diagnoses and risk of in-hospital death according to the primary ICD-10 chapter assigned at discharge and the National Early Warning Score on admission.
No full textThe relationship between diagnosis, illness severity, and mortality risk for unselected emergency admissions is poorly defined. To define primary ICD-10 diagnostic chapters at discharge, admission illness severity by the National Early Warning Score, and in-hospital mortality for all unselected emergency admissions. Retrospective, observational, cohort study of 122,259 unselected, adult emergency admissions to Salford Royal Hospital between 2014 and 2022. In-hospital mortality was 4.3% but most patients had an ICD-10 chapter associated with a lower risk of death. 60% of in-hospital deaths were in four chapters, infections, circulatory and respiratory diseases, or neoplasms. An admission NEWS ≥3 was associated with earlier mortality and an eight-fold increased risk of in-hospital mortality. 45% of all in-hospital deaths occurred in patients with an admission NEWS <3. Mortality in emergency hospital admissions is associated with illness severity and four diagnostic chapters. NEWS should not be the only arbiter of hospital admission, as for certain diagnostic chapters the risk of death is high even if vital signs on presentation are normal
Application of knowledge management principles to support maintenance strategies in healthcare organisations
Full text linkHealthcare is a vital service that touches people's lives on a daily basis by providing treatment and
resolving patients' health problems through the staff. Human lives are ultimately dependent on the skilled
hands of the staff and those who manage the infrastructure that supports the daily operations of the
service, making it a compelling reason for a dedicated research study. However, the UK healthcare sector
is undergoing rapid changes, driven by rising costs, technological advancements, changing patient
expectations, and increasing pressure to deliver sustainable healthcare. With the global rise in healthcare
challenges, the need for sustainable healthcare delivery has become imperative. Sustainable healthcare
delivery requires the integration of various practices that enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of
healthcare infrastructural assets. One critical area that requires attention is the management of
healthcare facilities.
Healthcare facilitiesis considered one of the core elements in the delivery of effective healthcare services,
as shortcomings in the provision of facilities management (FM) services in hospitals may have much more
drastic negative effects than in any other general forms of buildings. An essential element in healthcare
FM is linked to the relationship between action and knowledge. With a full sense of understanding of
infrastructural assets, it is possible to improve, manage and make buildings suitable to the needs of users
and to ensure the functionality of the structure and processes.
The premise of FM is that an organisation's effectiveness and efficiency are linked to the physical
environment in which it operates and that improving the environment can result in direct benefits in
operational performance. The goal of healthcare FM is to support the achievement of organisational
mission and goals by designing and managing space and infrastructural assets in the best combination of
suitability, efficiency, and cost. In operational terms, performance refers to how well a building
contributes to fulfilling its intended functions.
Therefore, comprehensive deployment of efficient FM approaches is essential for ensuring quality
healthcare provision while positively impacting overall patient experiences. In this regard, incorporating
knowledge management (KM) principles into hospitals' FM processes contributes significantly to ensuring
sustainable healthcare provision and enhancement of patient experiences. Organisations implementing
KM principles are better positioned to navigate the constantly evolving business ecosystem easily.
Furthermore, KM is vital in processes and service improvement, strategic decision-making, and
organisational adaptation and renewal.
In this regard, KM principles can be applied to improve hospital FM, thereby ensuring sustainable
healthcare delivery. Knowledge management assumes that organisations that manage their
organisational and individual knowledge more effectively will be able to cope more successfully with the challenges of the new business ecosystem. There is also the argument that KM plays a crucial role in
improving processes and services, strategic decision-making, and adapting and renewing an organisation.
The goal of KM is to aid action – providing "a knowledge pull" rather than the information overload most
people experience in healthcare FM. Other motivations for seeking better KM in healthcare FM include
patient safety, evidence-based care, and cost efficiency as the dominant drivers. The most evidence exists
for the success of such approaches at knowledge bottlenecks, such as infection prevention and control,
working safely, compliances, automated systems and reminders, and recall based on best practices. The
ability to cultivate, nurture and maximise knowledge at multiple levels and in multiple contexts is one of
the most significant challenges for those responsible for KM. However, despite the potential benefits,
applying KM principles in hospital facilities is still limited. There is a lack of understanding of how KM can
be effectively applied in this context, and few studies have explored the potential challenges and
opportunities associated with implementing KM principles in hospitals facilities for sustainable healthcare
delivery.
This study explores applying KM principles to support maintenance strategies in healthcare organisations.
The study also explores the challenges and opportunities, for healthcare organisations and FM
practitioners, in operationalising a framework which draws the interconnectedness between healthcare.
The study begins by defining healthcare FM and its importance in the healthcare industry. It then discusses
the concept of KM and the different types of knowledge that are relevant in the healthcare FM sector.
The study also examines the challenges that healthcare FM face in managing knowledge and how the
application of KM principles can help to overcome these challenges. The study then explores the different
KM strategies that can be applied in healthcare FM. The KM benefits include improved patient outcomes,
reduced costs, increased efficiency, and enhanced collaboration among healthcare professionals.
Additionally, issues like creating a culture of innovation, technology, and benchmarking are considered.
In addition, a framework that integrates the essential concepts of KM in healthcare FM will be presented
and discussed.
The field of KM is introduced as a complex adaptive system with numerous possibilities and challenges.
In this context, and in consideration of healthcare FM, five objectives have been formulated to achieve
the research aim. As part of the research, a number of objectives will be evaluated, including appraising
the concept of KM and how knowledge is created, stored, transferred, and utilised in healthcare FM,
evaluating the impact of organisational structure on job satisfaction as well as exploring how cultural
differences impact knowledge sharing and performance in healthcare FM organisations.
This study uses a combination of qualitative methods, such as meetings, observations, document analysis
(internal and external), and semi-structured interviews, to discover the subjective experiences of
healthcare FM employees and to understand the phenomenon within a real-world context and attitudes of healthcare FM as the data collection method, using open questions to allow probing where appropriate
and facilitating KM development in the delivery and practice of healthcare FM.
The study describes the research methodology using the theoretical concept of the "research onion". The
qualitative research was conducted in the NHS acute and non-acute hospitals in Northwest England.
Findings from the research study revealed that while the concept of KM has grown significantly in recent
years, KM in healthcare FM has received little or no attention. The target population was fifty (five FM
directors, five academics, five industry experts, ten managers, ten supervisors, five team leaders and ten
operatives). These seven groups were purposively selected as the target population because they play a
crucial role in KM enhancement in healthcare FM. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with all
participants based on their pre-determined availability. Out of the 50-target population, only 25 were
successfully interviewed to the point of saturation. Data collected from the interview were coded and
analysed using NVivo to identify themes and patterns related to KM in healthcare FM.
The study is divided into eight major sections. First, it discusses literature findings regarding healthcare
FM and KM, including underlying trends in FM, KM in general, and KM in healthcare FM. Second, the
research establishes the study's methodology, introducing the five research objectives, questions and
hypothesis. The chapter introduces the literature on methodology elements, including philosophical views
and inquiry strategies. The interview and data analysis look at the feedback from the interviews. Lastly, a
conclusion and recommendation summarise the research objectives and suggest further research.
Overall, this study highlights the importance of KM in healthcare FM and provides insights for healthcare
FM directors, managers, supervisors, academia, researchers and operatives on effectively leveraging
knowledge to improve patient care and organisational effectiveness
Juror decision-making within domestic sex trafficking cases: do pre-trial attitudes, gender, culture, and right-wing authoritarianism predict believability assessments?
Full text linkThe present study examined whether country of residence, sex trafficking attitudes, complainant gender, juror gender, and right-wing authoritarianism influenced juror decision-making within a sex trafficking case.
Jury-eligible participants from the United States and United Kingdom participated in an online juror experiment in which an independent groups design was used to manipulate the complainant’s gender. Participants completed the Juror Decision Scale, the Sex Trafficking Attitudes Scale, and the Right-Wing Authoritarianism scale.
Sex trafficking attitudes predicted believability of both the defendant and complainant. Greater negative beliefs about victims predicted greater defendant believability and lower complainant believability. U.S. jurors reported greater believability of both the complainant and defendant, and right-wing authoritarianism was associated with greater defendant believability. However, none of the other factors, including complainant and juror gender, predicted participants’ verdicts. The findings suggest juror verdicts in sex trafficking cases may be less influenced by extra-legal factors, although further research is needed, especially with a more ambiguous case.
This is one of few cross-cultural comparison studies in the area of jury decision-making, and specifically regarding sex trafficking cases. The findings indicated that U.S. participants held more problematic attitudes about sex trafficking than their U.K. counterparts, although all participants held problematic attitudes about sex trafficking. However, those attitudes did not affect verdict formation about either a male or female complainant. Participants who were more knowledgeable about sex trafficking reported greater complainant believability, suggesting that educational interventions may provide greater support toward victims in court
Acute Medicine: How will we grow? - An analysis of organisational capabilities for quality improvement, research & education from SAMBA 2021.
No full textEducation, research, and Quality Improvement (QI) are key enablers for high quality care. We aimed to map the capability of Acute Medical Units (AMUs) to facilitate excellence in these areas. AMUs were surveyed in an organisational questionnaire within the Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit 2021. 143 units participated. 80 units had a QI lead, 24 had a research lead and 99 had a medical education lead. 15 units had all three leadership roles. Most QI work considered service structure rather than changes in processes or care outcomes. The organisational capability of AMUs in the strategic areas considered is variable. Improving leadership and disseminating learning could help build a strategic foundation for acute medicine to grow
Junk mail content detection using logistic regression algorithm
No full textIn contemporary times, things have moved away from traditional
method to sophisticated way of communication via social media. One of the common ways information is disseminated amongst people is in the use of emails.
Emails are very effective, easy and less costly to use by the sender but invariably
costly to the recipient. This is due to the effect unwarranted messages which are
thrown in tons are being received daily. This paper focus is on developing an
effective junk mail content detector to effectively detect the content of messages
and properly classify them thereby eliminate spurious emails. Logistic regression
and Random Forest algorithms were employed and the result showed thar our
model Logistics regression proves a superior performance
Evaluation of text classification using Support Vector Machine compare with Naive Bayes, Random Forest Decision Tree and K-NN
No full textThis paper aims to find the boost model which brings the best accuracy
in text classification by using Support Vector Machine in comparison with other
models namely Naive Bayes, Random Forest Decision Tree and K-NN. For the
text classification and processing, the planned system will have to apply with the
Support Vector Machine and the result is decided by major roles. Based on the
Machine Learning algorithms used for the implementation of the research- the
BBC news dataset- illustrates that the Support Vector Machine has better
accuracy and result
The values in action character strengths model: A resource for people in addiction recovery
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to examine the Values in Action character strengths profile of people in addiction recovery, in order to identify which strengths are meaningfully represented in this population. This was compared with the generalised profile of a normative population to identify the differentiating features. Reasons for the profile variance and the significance this has for addiction recovery have also been explored.
An independent group design was adopted using purposive sampling. This saw participants (n=100) complete the Values in Action assessment (VIA-IS-P) to establish a character strengths profile for people in addiction recovery. To identify the differences in this profile, a mean score and rank order comparison was conducted, using data taken from a normative population. Additional exploratory analysis was conducted to establish if there were any significant differences in the character strength profile of males and females.
In descending order, the top five ranked strengths were kindness, humour, honesty, fairness, and teamwork. The lesser five strengths in the profile were spirituality, zest, perseverance, prudence, and self-regulation. A distinguishing feature was the presence of humour as a top five strength for people in addiction recovery. The existence of teamwork also deviated from the generalised normative population. There were two strengths shown to have a meaningfully higher score for females, teamwork, and love. This did not change the strengths present in the overall top five for males or females, however.
This study contributes useful knowledge to the understanding of character strengths in addiction recovery. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time character strengths have been examined in a sample of people in addiction recovery
A scientometric analysis of deep learning approaches for detecting Fake News
Full text linkThe unregulated proliferation of counterfeit news creation and dissemination that has been
seen in recent years poses a constant threat to democracy. Fake news articles have the power to
persuade individuals, leaving them perplexed. This scientometric study examined 569 documents
from the Scopus database between 2012 and mid-2022 to look for general research trends, publication
and citation structures, authorship and collaboration patterns, bibliographic coupling, and productivity patterns in order to identify fake news using deep learning. For this study, Biblioshiny and
VOSviewer were used. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate a trend toward an increase in
publications since 2016, and this dissemination of fake news is still an issue from a global perspective.
Thematic analysis of papers reveals that research topics related to social media for surveillance and
monitoring of public attitudes and perceptions, as well as fake news, are crucial but underdeveloped,
while studies on deep fake detection, digital contents, digital forensics, and computer vision constitute
niche areas. Furthermore, the results show that China and the USA have the strongest international
collaboration, despite India writing more articles. This paper also examines the current state of the art
in deep learning techniques for fake news detection, with the goal of providing a potential roadmap
for researchers interested in undertaking research in this fiel
“You can end up in a happy place” (Voyce): A role for positive autoethnography.”
Full text linkThe purpose of this opinion piece is to present a case for the potential of positive autoethnography as a new autoethnographic approach.
This work resulted from on-going discussions between the authors as to the practicalities and benefits of associating the qualitative approach of autoethnography with the field of positive psychology.
Positive autoethnography (PosAE) is proposed to encourage writers to actively reflect on the importance for themselves, and their readers, of including positive narrative elements, prospective visions and exploratory trajectories in their work.
This research builds on existing research that has included positive psychology in autoethnography. As positive psychology is grounded in empirical research, we are suggesting that PosAE is allied to pragmatic autoethnography (PAE).
Positive autoethnography offers to facilitate positive thought, affect and strategies that could improve well-being. For example, some people struggling with serious health issues, and those helping them, may find it useful for articulating conditions and envisioning, even experiencing, positive change.
With so many lives impacted by mental health issues globally, and with rapidly changing societies struggling to provide stability and purpose, an autoethnography that provides discursive tools such as PERMA (Positive emotions, Engagement, Positive Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishments/Achievements) to communicate the positive seems timely.
This is the first time the creation of an autoethnographic approach explicitly linked to positive psychology has been proposed
Blockchain‐inspired lightweight trust‐based system in vehicular networks
Full text linkSummary: A decentralized application runs on the blockchain network without the intervention of a central authority. Transparency in transactions and security in vehicular networks are the issues for central systems. The proposed system uses blockchain‐based smart contracts, which eliminate the requirement for any third‐party verification. Additionally, with signature verification and reduced overhead, smart contracts also help in a fast and secure transaction. This study suggests a trust‐based system paradigm where certificate authority (CA) is employed for vehicle registration. We also propose a blockchain‐based system that provides efficient two‐way authentication and key agreement through encryption and digital signatures. The analysis of the proposed model reveals that it is an efficient way of establishing distributed trust management, which helps in preserving vehicle privacy. The proposed scheme is tested in Automated Validation of Internet Security‐sensitive Protocols (AVISPA), and security parameters verification in Network Simulator 2(NS2) also shows that the proposed scheme is more effective in comparison with existing schemes in terms of authentication cost, storage cost, and overhead