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Défis dans la prise en charge des arthrites microcristallines
No full textCrystal-induced arthritis is frequently encountered in clinical practice. These diseases, which are often underdiagnosed or undertreated, present significant challenges in both their identification and management. This article explores the current challenges associated with these diseases, from diagnostic obstacles to the limitations of available therapies, and provides practical tools and recommendations to improve their daily management.Les arthropathies microcristallines sont très fréquemment rencontrées en pratique clinique. Ces pathologies, souvent sous-diagnostiquées et insuffisamment traitées, posent un défi à la fois en termes de reconnaissance et de prise en charge. Cet article explore les défis rencontrés, des obstacles diagnostiques aux limitations dans les options thérapeutiques, et propose des outils et recommandations pour améliorer leur prise en charge au quotidien
Gleichheit – Differenz – Konstruktion : Der Beitrag der Legal Gender Studies zu den Grundlagen des Familienrechts
No full textLegal gender studies, as the area of legal scholarship specialized in the study of law, gender and sexuality, have a lot to offer to the field of family law. The article identifies three key contributions that legal gender studies make to the foundations of family law: (1) a substantive understanding of gender equality, (2) the ideal of a “caring law” and (3) a concept of parentage law beyond heteronormativity and the gender binary.</p
Phylogenomics for regional biodiversity assessments in Switzerland
No full textBiodiversity is declining at alarming rates and requires urgent conservation measures for maintaining ecosystem functionality. Despite its importance, the phylogenetic aspect of biodiversity is often neglected. The objective of this doctoral thesis was to provide a phylogenomic framework for the regional flora of the Geneva canton in Switzerland, and use it to complement ongoing biodiversity assessments. Here, we proposed a complete methodology and used it to generate a highly resolved phylogenetic tree comprising most of the 1,098 flowering plant species composing the regional flora. This phylogenetic framework was then used to estimate the loss of evolutionary history caused by the human-mediated transformation of the landscape. Further, the phylogeny-based approach has allowed the identification of priority species, areas, and habitats to mitigate future losses of evolutionary history. Finally, we found that urbanization decreases phylogenetic richness but increases phylogenetic turnover across plant communities in the Geneva agglomeration.La biodiversité décline à une vitesse alarmante, et des mesures de conservation urgentes sont requises pour maintenir la fonctionnalité des écosystèmes. Malgré son importance, l’aspect phylogénétique de la biodiversité est souvent négligé. L’objectif de cette thèse de doctorat était de fournir une ressource phylogénétique pour la flore régionale du canton de Genève en Suisse, et de l’utiliser pour complémenter des stratégies d’évaluation de la biodiversité existantes. Nous avons proposé et utilisé une méthodologie complète pour générer un arbre phylogénétique hautement résolu comprenant la plupart des 1'098 espèces d’angiospermes composant la flore régionale. Cette ressource a permis d’estimer la perte d’histoire évolutive associée aux transformations du paysage d’origine humaine. Cette approche phylogénétique nous a également renseigné sur les espèces, zones et milieux prioritaires pour la conservation de l’histoire évolutive de la flore régionale, afin d’atténuer son déclin. Enfin, nos recherches ont démontré que l’urbanisation diminuait la richesse phylogénétique, mais augmentait le changement de composition phylogénétique entre les communautés végétales de l’agglomération genevoise.</p
Discoidins are ancestral effectors of innate immunity: dual surveillance of phagosomal integrity and non-self glycan exposure during a mycobacterial infection
No full textThis thesis uncovers an ancestral intracellular surveillance system based on glycan recognition. Using Dictyostelium discoideum infected with Mycobacterium marinum, we show that bacterial surface glycolipids are shed early during infection and disseminate to neighboring cells, triggering a transcriptional response before cytosolic escape. We identify discoidins, cytosolic lectins with dual DS and H-type domains, as key effectors that specifically recognize non-self glycans exposed upon vacuolar damage. Through genetic, biochemical, and imaging analyses, discoidins are shown to bind pathogen-derived glycolipids such as LOS and PGL and to coordinate the recruitment of ESCRT and autophagy pathways for membrane repair. The absence of discoidins in the host leads to delayed damage sensing, defective repair, and restricted bacterial cytosolic access. Altogether, these findings reveal discoidins as evolutionary precursors of cytosolic lectins that couple non-self glycan recognition with compartmentalized innate immune activation and control of intracellular infection
Policy mixes for a just, effective, and public budget-conscious household energy transition in Switzerland
No full textPolicy mixes for decarbonizing residential buildings offer significant potential for greenhouse gas emission savings but involve trade-offs with public spending and distributional justice. Using microsimulation and based on survey data, we evaluate the potential effect in the near term of policy mixes with various bans, requirements, taxes, and subsidies by quantifying their impact on the immediate investment opportunities for heating and electricity of a representative sample of 6′355 Swiss households. Substantial emission savings are already profitable for many households even without policy intervention. However, a requirement to install solar photovoltaics (PV), combined with subsidies for PV, heat pumps, and envelope retrofits alongside increased energy taxes, can promote greater emission savings at limited public cost, while allowing for lower and more equally distributed heating and electricity costs for households. Added to this mix, an ambitious requirement to deeply retrofit the worst insulated buildings can achieve further emission and energy savings, albeit at comparatively high public costs or with exacerbated inequalities without retrofit subsidies. Without special support, low-income, elderly, and rural households and dwelling owners risk bearing a higher economic burden to achieve collective emission savings. By integrating rich survey data with detailed techno-economic microsimulation, this study offers a replicable framework to quantitatively evaluate energy policy mixes in Switzerland and beyond
Hypertension artérielle et ménopause : physiopathologie et impact des traitements hormonaux
No full textMenopause, as a consequence of ovarian follicular decline, induces estrogen deficiency and metabolic changes that increase the cardiovascular risk in women. In particular, there is an increase in blood pressure during menopause. Menopausal hormonal therapy can be prescribed to women with symptoms of menopause to improve their quality of life. This article reviews the current literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms that explain blood pressure changes at menopause and describes the impact of menopausal hormone therapy on blood pressure.La ménopause, conséquence d’une déplétion folliculaire ovarienne, induit une carence hormonale et des modifications métaboliques augmentant le risque cardiovasculaire chez la femme. Une hausse de la tension artérielle peut notamment être observée. Le traitement hormonal de la ménopause peut être prescrit aux femmes présentant des symptômes climactériques afin d’améliorer leur qualité de vie. Cet article revoit la littérature actuelle sur les mécanismes physiopathologiques expliquant les changements tensionnels à la ménopause et décrit l’impact des traitements hormonaux de la ménopause sur la tension artérielle
