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Successfully arbitrating intellectual property disputes: practical and procedural considerations
No full textAcné et mycoses : entre traitements non médicamenteux et résistances
No full textThis article focuses on recent developments regarding acne and fungal infections. Primary care physicians are in a unique position to screen for these disorders during consultations. Non-pharmacological approaches (such as diet and physical treatments) are the subject of ongoing scientific research and are of interest to patients but have not yet been incorporated into guidelines due to a lack of robust evidence. Recent studies highlight the psychological impact of acne, with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression among affected individuals. Regarding fungal infections, the recent emergence of microbiological resistance poses a major challenge in their management. The latest changes in clinical practice aim to improve the identification of microbial resistance and to avoid increasing its incidence.Cet article se concentre sur les nouveautés concernant l’acné et les mycoses. Le médecin de premier recours a une place privilégiée pour dépister ces troubles. Les approches non médicamenteuses (alimentation, traitements physiques) font l’objet de recherche scientifique et suscitent l’intérêt des patients, mais n’ont pas encore intégré les guidelines en raison d’un manque des données probantes. Des études récentes soulignent l’impact psychologique de l’acné avec une prévalence élevée de trouble anxieux et de dépression. Concernant les mycoses, l’émergence récente de résistances microbiologiques représente un enjeu majeur dans la prise en charge de ces infections. Les dernières modifications de la prise en charge visent à mieux diagnostiquer les résistances, et à éviter d’en augmenter l’incidence
De l’ombre du Christ sur le chapitre « Des plus excellens hommes ». Ou comment une hypothèse de lecture peut infléchir radicalement le sens d’un chapitre anecdotique
No full textCet article réfléchit aux effets herméneutiques que génère la présence diffuse de la figure du Christ dans ces pages. Admettre cette ombre, c'est ouvrir la porte à une lecture subversive faisant du christianisme une fable politique, dans le sillage des thèses machiavéliennes les plus dangereuses. Il ne s’agit pas de prétendre qu’un contenu hétérodoxe est dissimulé, mais plutôt d’envisager le trouble qu’a pu susciter la découverte de cette possible seconde couche de sens.</p
Carbon Capture and Storage: The Cost and Coordination Motives Behind State InvolvementThe Case of the EU and France
No full textThis thesis examines the growth of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology in public policies addressing global warming through a critical political economy lens, particularly with regards to the pivotal role of the state in its deployment. The study shows that CCUS has technical origins in the Oil and Gas (O&G) industry, which helps explain the continued dominance of O&G majors in the field. O&G firms are leveraging Storage as a Service within part-chain business models, raising concerns about taxpayer funding potentially boosting O&G profits rather than fostering genuine carbon reduction. This highlights the need for robust oversight to ensure public investments achieve environmental goals. The study explores why industrial firms favour CCUS over other emission reduction methods, finding that CCUS minimizes sunk costs and stranded assets.
The state's role is analysed using Gabor’s Derisking State and Mazzucato’s Entrepreneurial State frameworks, emphasizing the necessity of state intervention due to private reluctance to invest. Empirically examining CCUS deployment in Europe, particularly France, via the EU SETIS database reveals a resurgence driven by public investment. This, combined with increased coordination efforts by public institutions, indicates a possible shift towards an entrepreneurial state model. The research concludes that CCUS's growing importance in the climate crisis involves complex interactions between numerous actors with diverging interests, at the centre of which state institutions and corporate interests intersect. Further investigation is recommended to explore corporate influence on decarbonization policies and the potential for more inclusive environmental strategies.</p
Isolement, santé mentale et personnes âgées: expérience interprofessionnelle
No full textWith an aging population and increasing prevalence of social isolation in our western countries, the risk of mental health problems in this elderly population is of concern, particularly in primary care. We herein report an example of a multidisciplinary approach to keeping this population healthy at home for as long as possible.Avec une population vieillissante et une prévalence d’isolement social croissante dans nos contrées occidentales, le risque d’atteinte à la santé mentale des personnes âgées devient un point d’attention particulier en médecine de premier recours. Nous relatons dans cet article un exemple de prise en charge interprofessionnelle, conforme aux recommandations, pour garder cette tranche de la population à domicile dans des conditions décentes aussi longtemps que possible
Maladies thyroïdiennes auto-immunes de l’enfant et de l’adolescent
No full textAutoimmune thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, are the most common causes of acquired thyroid dysfunction in children and adolescents. They are often diagnosed at puberty, with a female predominance. A familial predisposition and associations with other autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease and type 1 diabetes point to underlying genetic mechanisms. This predisposition is attributed to the polymorphism of multiple HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) and non-HLA susceptibility genes, opening the field for the development of targeted therapies that can potentially modify the course and prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases.Les maladies thyroïdiennes auto-immunes incluant la thyroïdite d’Hashimoto et la maladie de Basedow sont les causes les plus fréquentes de dysfonction thyroïdienne acquise chez l’enfant et l’adolescent. Elles sont diagnostiquées le plus souvent durant la période pubertaire, avec une prédominance féminine. Une prédisposition familiale ainsi que l’association avec d’autres maladies auto-immunes telles que la cœliakie et le diabète de type 1 soulignent des mécanismes génétiques sous-jacents. Cette prédisposition est attribuée au polymorphisme de multiples gènes de susceptibilité HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) et non-HLA, ouvrant le champ au développement de traitements ciblés pouvant potentiellement modifier l’évolution et le pronostic des maladies thyroïdiennes auto-immunes
Tree-ring Based Reconstruction of Debris Flows in and around the Swiss National Park: Frequency, Regional Activity and Hydrometeorological Triggers
No full textDebris flows are common geomorphic processes in mountainous areas. When debris flows are triggered, alpine catchments containing sediment can be temporarily transformed into flowing masses and travel long distances at high velocities, making this process devastating and threatening to people, settlements and infrastructure. Currently, global surface temperature stands 1.1°C higher than during the reference period of 1850-1900. In the context of climate change, how climate change affect debris-flow activity in a long-term period is of great concern.
Dendrogeomorphology has been proved a useful tool to reconstruct and analyze the past geomorphic activity. The applicability of this approach in China remains to be demonstrated. Moreover, dendrogeomorphic reconstructions of debris flows and other geomorphic activity have also been employed to assess hydrometeorological triggers by using daily maximum precipitation due to the limitation of annual resolution. However, the accuracy of daily maximum precipitation values has never been investigated before.
This PhD thesis is motivated by the aims of investigating 1) long-term frequency and magnitude change of debris flows in the Swiss Alps, 2) accuracy of daily maximum precipitation in reconstructed debris-flow years based on dendrogeomorphology, 3) effect of climate change on debris-flow frequency and magnitude, 4) the role of sediment in the initiation of debris flows in the context of climate change, 5) the potential of dendrogeomorphology in China.
To achieve above goals different methods were applied. First, a single site dendrogeomorphic reconstruction covering the past four centuries was carried out in the Swiss Alps and the characteristic of debris-flow activity was detected based on different statistical trend tests. Then, a dense dataset of debris flows in nine catchments coming from both archival records and dendrogeomorphic reconstructions were presented to compare different triggering precipitation signals derived from different resources. Furthermore, two regional tree-ring based debris-flow reconstructions located in the eastern and western Swiss Alps were compared. Finally, the potential of dendrogeomorphology in Chian was validated by a flash flood reconstruction.
The main findings of this thesis are: 1) The absence of a direct climatic influence on debris-flow initiation at the single site Multetta indicates a dependence of debris flows on sediment discharge and recharge, 2) Annually resolved reconstructions of debris flows based on dendrogeomorphology cannot be used to analyze hydrometeorological triggers, 3) The regional average decadal frequency of debris flows has increased significantly in Zermatt, while no significant, but a slightly decreasing trend was tested in Mustair. Permafrost was widely distributed in the high-altitude catchments of the Zermatt area, so that sufficient thawed and uncovered debris was available. With barely permafrost distribution related to low elevations in Mustair, warming did not enhance the debris flow activity, 4) The potential of dendrogeomorphology in China has been proved.
This thesis represents a multidisciplinary study to improve our understanding of the effect of climate change on debris flows in a long term with consideration of sediment supply. It also has stark implications for the identification of hydrometeorological triggers in tree-ring studies.</p
Modifying sleep with drugs: does it impact emotional episodic memory?
No full textSleep plays a critical role in the consolidation of emotional memory. Sleep disruptions are also linked to emotion dysregulations and, in long-term, affective disorders. This study investigates how targeted modifications of Slow Wave sleep (SWS) and Rapid-Eye Movement (REM) sleep, induced by an antidepressant (Reboxetine, RBX) and a narcolepsy treatment (Sodium Oxybate, SXB), affect emotional episodic memory.
Nineteen healthy men participated in a within-subject, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled protocol. Participants were asked to rate emotional images (negative, neutral and funny) while functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) recordings were made of their brain activity. After drug uptake, they were allowed to sleep at the lab under polysomnography recordings. The next day, participants had to retrieve the old images and discriminate them from new neutral and emotional ones.
Our findings reveal that acute drug administration significantly alters sleep macro and micro architecture. Specifically, REM sleep duration was significantly decreased for both drugs while NREM sleep was enhanced. The relative sigma power was increased following RBX uptake. Subsequently, RBX reduced the positive impact of emotion on memory and altered the natural positive shift of valence ratings for negative images. At the brain level, the specificity of amygdala activation for negative pictures is decreased under RBX. While the hippocampal region is less capable of distinguishing new items under SXB, we do not observe a difference in memory performance.
These results underscore the importance of the different sleep stages and associated neurotransmitter changes in emotional processing, and reenforce potential therapeutic targets of sleep for affective disorders.</p
Electrophilic Carbenes for N-H Insertions and Oxonium Ylide-Based Poly-Macrocyclizations
No full textDuring this PhD thesis, the reactivity of metal carbenes derived from acceptor-acceptor diazo reagents was studied, and subsequent ylide intermediates were then formed and used for different transformations. On one hand, the reactivity of acceptor-acceptor diazo reagents, diazomalonates in particular, was explored for N-H insertions with aliphatic and aromatic amines as Lewis bases under iridium catalysis. On the other hand, inspired by previous studies in the group, cyclic ethers on the way to oxonium ylides were further studied as nucleophiles. A new reactivity was developed under Rh(II) and Pd(II) catalysis with α-diazo-β-ketoester reagents this time. Additionally, a straightforward strategy to synthesize complicated molecules with multiple macrocycles is described in this thesis