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Translating Political Allusions in Jane Austen's Mansfield Park
Full text linkHistorically, in China, Jane Austen's works have been long undervalued due to perceptions of limited political relevance. Despite a wide recognition in Anglophone scholarship of their political commentary and social critique, this acknowledgment remains limited within Chinese contexts. This study focuses on Mansfield Park, a work known for its heightened political awareness. By integrating House’s TQA framework with diachronic comparative analysis, this study stands as a pioneering effort to assess how Austen’s political allusions in the novel have been translated and perceived within Chinese contexts over an extended period of time across different points in Chinese history. Originally published in 1814, Mansfield Park was the last of Austen’s novels to be introduced into China, with its first translation published in 1984. To carry out this research, we have compiled a diachronic translation corpus of Mansfield Park, encompassing all available Chinese renditions from 1984 onwards. Through an exploration of three facets of political themes —luxury, imperialism, and colonialism—this study uncovers translation challenges, choices, and strategies adopted by different translators over time, as well as recurring weaknesses. It reveals a chronological progression in translating political allusions, particularly reflected in evolving footnotes, which indicates a growing commitment to contextual accuracy. Chinese translators display a preference for overt translation strategies when addressing historical events or figures, while covert translations prevail for allusions with French connotations like “menus plaisirs”. This research emphasizes how translators have endeavoured to bridge the temporal and cultural divide between Regency England and modern China, shedding light on how Austen's political nuances are reimagined for new audiences over time.Quality EducationGender EqualityReduced Inequalitie
Canopy functional trait variation across Earth’s tropical forests
Full text linkTropical forest canopies are the biosphere’s most concentrated atmospheric interface for carbon, water and energy1,2. However, in most Earth System Models, the diverse and heterogeneous tropical forest biome is represented as a largely uniform ecosystem with either a singular or a small number of fixed canopy ecophysiological properties 3. This situation arises, in part, from a lack of understanding about how and why the functional properties of tropical forest canopies vary geographically 4. Here, by combining feld-collected data from more than 1,800 vegetation plots and tree traits with satellite remote-sensing, terrain, climate and soil data, we predict variation across 13 morphological, structural and chemical functional traits of trees, and use this to compute and map the functional diversity of tropical forests. Our findings reveal that the tropical Americas, Africa and Asia tend to occupy different portions of the total functional trait space available across tropical forests. Tropical American forests are predicted to have 40% greater functional richness than tropical African and Asian forests. Meanwhile, African forests have the highest functional divergence—32% and 7% higher than that of tropical American and Asian forests, respectively. An uncertainty analysis highlights priority regions for further data collection, which would refine and improve these maps. Our predictions represent a ground-based and remotely enabled global analysis of how and why the functional traits of tropical forest canopies vary across space.Additional Co-authors; Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez1,2 ✉, Sami W. Rifai3, Xiongjie Deng1 , Hans ter Steege4,5, Eleanor Thomson1, Jose Javier Corral-Rivas6 , Aretha Franklin Guimaraes7, Sandra Muller8, Joice Klipel8,105, Sophie Fauset9, Angelica F. Resende10,11, Göran Wallin1,12, Carlos A. Joly13,14, Katharine Abernethy11,15, Stephen Adu-Bredu16,17, Celice Alexandre Silva18, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira19, Danilo R. A. Almeida10, Esteban Alvarez-Davila20, Gregory P. Asner21, Timothy R. Baker22, Maíra Benchimol23, Lisa Patrick Bentley24, Erika Berenguer1,25, Lilian Blanc26, Damien Bonal27, Kauane Bordin28, Robson Borges de Lima29, Sabine Both30, Jaime Cabezas Duarte31,32, Domingos Cardoso33,34, Haroldo C. de Lima34, Larissa Cavalheiro35, Lucas A. Cernusak36, Nayane Cristina C. dos Santos Prestes19, Antonio Carlos da Silva Zanzini37, Ricardo José da Silva18, Robson dos Santos Alves da Silva18, Mariana de Andrade Iguatemy34,38, Tony César De Sousa Oliveira39,40, Benjamin Dechant41,42, Géraldine Derroire26,43, Kyle G. Dexter44,45,46, Domingos J. Rodrigues35, Mário Espírito-Santo47, Letícia Fernandes Silva48,49, Tomas Ferreira Domingues50,51, Joice Ferreira52, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon53, Cécile A. J. Girardin1 , Bruno Hérault26, Kathryn J. Jeffery11, Sreejith Kalpuzha Ashtamoorthy54, Arunkumar Kavidapadinjattathil Sivadasan54, Bente Klitgaard55, William F. Laurance36, Maurício Lima Dan56, William E. Magnusson7, Eduardo Malta Campos-Filho57, Rubens Manoel dos Santos58, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto59, Marcos Silveira60, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior61, Roberta E. Martin21, Daniel Luis Mascia Vieira53, Thiago Metzker62,63, William Milliken64, Peter Moonlight65, Marina Maria Moraes de Seixas52, Paulo S. Morandi66, Robert Muscarella67, María Guadalupe Nava-Miranda68,69, Brigitte Nyirambangutse70,71, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva72, Imma Oliveras Menor1,73, Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues34, Cinthia Pereira de Oliveira29, Lucas Pereira Zanzini74, Carlos A. Peres75, Vignesh Punjayil54, Carlos A. Quesada76, Maxime Réjou-Méchain73, Terhi Riutta1,77, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres78, Clarissa Rosa7, Norma Salinas79, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin80,81, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon61, Alexander Shenkin82, Priscyla Maria Silva Rodrigues72, Axa Emanuelle Simões Figueiredo83, Queila Souza Garcia84, Tereza Spósito62, Danielle Storck-Tonon85, Martin J. P. Sullivan86, Martin Svátek87, Wagner Tadeu Vieira Santiago88, Yit Arn Teh89, Prasad Theruvil Parambil Sivan54, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento90, Elmar Veenendaal91, Irie Casimir Zo-Bi92, Marie Ruth Dago92, Soulemane Traoré92,93, Marco Patacca94, Vincyane Badouard43,73,92, Samuel de Padua Chaves e Carvalho95, Lee J. T. White11,15, Huanyuan Zhang-Zheng1,2, Etienne Zibera12,96, Joeri Alexander Zwerts97, David F. R. P. Burslem98, Miles Silman99,100, Jérôme Chave101, Brian J. Enquist102,103, Jos Barlow25, Oliver L. Phillips22, David A. Coomes104& Yadvinder Malhi1,
Internationalisation, waste management, and board attributes
Full text linkWe investigate whether internationalisation is significantly associated with waste management. Secondly, by focusing on two critical board attributes, we investigate whether female and tenured directors help enable internationalised firms' better waste management. We find that more internationalised firms produce more waste; this result is robust to various waste proxies such as total waste, hazardous and nonhazardous waste and waste scaled by turnover. Although they tend to engage with less recycling, the result is insignificant. Furthermore, we find that both female and tenured directors significantly moderate between internationalisation and waste management; they help reduce waste in internationalised firms. However, they cannot significantly moderate between internationalisation and waste recycling, which seems a missing link in better waste management of internationalised firms. The results imply that multinationals pollute the environment by producing more waste and not engaging in waste recycling. Given the cross-border scale of their manufacturing, sales and/or logistics operations, the findings are of critical importance for multinationals, their governance structure and stakeholders. We posit that international firms are more exposed to visibility and hence are under the scrutiny of stakeholders such as regulatory bodies, the press and environmentalists. Waste production and lack of waste recycling might trigger legitimacy concerns and incompatibility sanctions
Spuren des Alltags an ungewöhnlichen Orten: Ein Blick über den Tellerrand in deutscher und schottischer Heimerziehung
Full text linkCase records hold life-long significance for those who spent their childhoods in looked after care. Across Europe, public inquiries into the care and treatment of children in care have examined the content of records and have highlighted their limitations. This paper presents data from phase one of a wider study; ‘Archiving Residential Children’s Homes in Scotland and Germany (ARCH)’, which undertook content analysis of the archives of two residential settings, Aberlour and Freistatt. Findings highlight that records were kept and maintained not only by the institution but also for the institution. Despite this, children’s everyday lives were noticed and captured, albeit it often accidentally and incidentally. The ways in which these every day encounters were narrated and constructed suggest the power of the overarching ethos in place in the two settings and the adults’ orientations towards their role and purpose. Although different in tone and remit, both archives capture traces of daily life and tell us something about what a childhood in Freistatt or Aberlour might have been like. By examining the case recording practices in the past, we raise questions about what this means for contemporary social work and its responsibilities in relation to archiving children’s everyday childhoods
The embodiment of equitable ways to develop agentic wellbeing through movement maximizing personal and general spaces-re-tooling affordances as drivers of social justice
Full text linkThis paper explores physical affordances—features and practices supporting activity—and scrutinizes their accessibility to promote principle-led equity in movement. By examining how being active underpins capabilities essential for living well, a holistic perspective on using ‘self-space’ and surrounding space is presented. In line with the World Health Organization’s (2021) mandate for fairness in physical activity programming, a justice-oriented leadership approach across health and education is emphasized. The application of JEDI principles (justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion) to physical movement highlights constructs of autonomy and agency, enabling individuals to make choices and act to invoke change (Virenque and Mossio, 2024). The concept of ‘constraints’ is extended from therapeutic roots (Taub et al., 1993) to adaptive movement facilitation (Newell, 1986). Constraints-informed pedagogies enhance embodied learning, fostering autonomy through interactive movement generation in physical education (Renshaw and Chow, 2018). Being well is understood as a composite of physical, cognitive, and emotional health—is recognized as a complex yet integral construct (Spratt, 2016; Ryff, 2014). Physical activity is shown to significantly influence health behaviours, encompassing mental and physical wellbeing (Liu et al., 2024). Aligning with Education Scotland’s curricular policy (2023) this paper adopts the term ‘wellbeing’. It remains critically aware of tensions across educational policy agendas as regards the genuine wellbeing of children (Spratt, 2017). As such it offers means for agency development so that children are enabled to seek sustainable means to enjoy healthy active living.Good Health and Well-BeingReduced Inequalitie
Modeling the Potential Health, Health Economic, and Health Inequality Impact of a Large-Scale Rollout of the Drink Less App in England
Full text linkAlcohol places a significant burden on the National Health Service (NHS); yet, uptake of cost-effective approaches remains low. Digital interventions may overcome some barriers to delivery. The Drink Less app has evidence of being effective at supporting heavier drinkers to reduce their alcohol intake. In this study, we estimate the longer-term health impacts, cost-effectiveness, and health inequality impact of a large-scale rollout of the Drink Less app
Commentary on Kersbergen et al.: Same Price, same choices? Proportional pricing and the heaviest drinkers
Full text linkProportional pricing changes purchasing incentives but does not directly target the affordability of the cheapest or strongest alcohol. Its real-world impact on heavy drinkers remains uncertain, particularly if retailers adjust pricing strategies. This highlights the need to critically reflect onwhether the policy targets those most at risk of har
Disaggregated mediation: the localisation of peace processes amid global and domestic fragmentation
Full text linkIn recent years, comprehensive peace agreements have reduced in frequency, and international mediation initiatives have become ‘disaggregated’ focused on brokering localised, sub-state dialogue processes, with issue-specific discussions, alongside attempts at national-level processes. This article focuses on three aspects of this shift: it (a) proposes disaggregated mediation as a conceptual framework to understand these processes, (b) outlines drivers of disaggregated mediation and (c) considers implications for peace outcomes. In doing so, it contends that disaggregated mediation derives from at least two key dynamics. First, the rising fragmentation of conflicts, with multiple conflict actors, amid rising geopolitical competition, means that a single external mediator controlling a singular process is unlikely to be acceptable to all parties. Second, the increased number of external third parties with diverse motivations, interests and connections to conflict actors, who now compete in the mediation space, incentivises external actors to selectively seek to resolve discrete aspects of a broader conflict based on their geostrategic and economic interests. The article also highlights the potential of disaggregated mediation to create ‘islands of stability’ marked by temporary cessation of hostilities, which may shift the geography of conflict rather than resolving it. Empirically, the analysis draws on a comprehensive review of dialogue processes in Myanmar since the 2021 coup, 19 interviews and 12 study groups involving over 230 stakeholders. The new framework and the Myanmar analysis reveal the complexity of modern mediation, with implications for the feasibility of cohering all actors and issues into a single comprehensive framework for peace
Translators’ Allocation of Cognitive Resources in Two Translation Directions: A Study Using Eye Tracking and Keystroke Logging
Full text linkThis study investigates how novice translators distribute their cognitive resources during translation between English and Chinese in both directions, with particular attention paid to the role of translation direction and the divergence between empirical findings and participants’ introspective reports. A combination of eye-tracking and key-stroke logging was used to quantify cognitive effort, incorporating participant variation, attention unit type (ST, TT, parallel), gaze event duration, and average pupil dilation. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was applied, with average pupil dilation as the response variable and gaze event duration, AU type, and participant as covariates. An interaction term between gaze event duration and AU type was included in the E-C GLM but omitted from the C-E GLM due to non-significance. The results reveal distinct cognitive demands across translation directions. In English–Chinese (E-C) translation, ST pro-cessing significantly reduces pupil dilation (by 3.56%, p < 0.001), whereas TT processing leads to increased cognitive load, particularly during prolonged fixations, with pupil dilation increasing by 1.4% (p = 0.033). In Chinese–English (C-E) translation, ST processing does not significantly differ from parallel processing (p = 0.285), and TT processing re-duces pupil dilation by 4.75% (p < 0.001), suggesting that it involves a lower cognitive effort than E-C translation. Gaze event duration significantly affects pupil dilation in C-E translation (p < 0.001); however, its influence in E-C translation varies according to the types of cognitive processing involved. Moreover, a significant gap is observed between the participants’ self-reported reflections and the quantitative data, a disparity that is strongly shaped by the direction of translation. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of cognitive effort in translation and raise implications for translator training, assessment, and cognitive translation studies, particularly in contexts where translation direction and processing mode interact to shape cognitive demand.Good Health and Well-BeingQuality EducationSustainable Cities and Communitie
Semantic extension in a novel communication system is facilitated by salient shared associations
Full text linkCreative processes of semantic extension play a key role in language change, grammaticalisation, and (by hypothesis) the early origins and evolution of language. In this paper we report two dyadic interaction experiments studying the semantic extension of novel labels in controlled circumstances. We find that participants can use salient and shared associations in their perceptual environment (between colours and shapes) to bootstrap a communication system, and can then extend those labels figuratively, to convey both concrete and abstract targets, by exploiting shared understandings such as colours associated stereotypically with specific objects and emotions. By manipulating the presence of reliable statistical associations between colour and shape early in this process we show that such shared associations facilitate both an initial semantic extension and subsequent chaining of extensions; we also find that extensions relying on less certain grounding (e.g. between colours and emotions) lead to greater variability in how extensions are made. Our method can be used to test the creative processes of semantic extension under controlled conditions, and provides experimental purchase on the relationship between association and extension which have only previously been studied through correlational means
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