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A worldwide test of the predictive validity of ideal partner preference matching.
Get PDFIdeal partner preferences (i.e., ratings of the desirability of attributes like attractiveness or intelligence) are the source of numerous foundational findings in the interdisciplinary literature on human mating. Recently, research on the predictive validity of ideal partner preference matching (i.e., Do people positively evaluate partners who match vs. mismatch their ideals?) has become mired in several problems. First, articles exhibit discrepant analytic and reporting practices. Second, different findings emerge across laboratories worldwide, perhaps because they sample different relationship contexts and/or populations. This registered report—partnered with the Psychological Science Accelerator—uses a highly powered design (N = 10,358) across 43 countries and 22 languages to estimate preference-matching effect sizes. The most rigorous tests revealed significant preference-matching effects in the whole sample and for partnered and single participants separately. The “corrected pattern metric” that collapses across 35 traits revealed a zero-order effect of β = .19 and an effect of β = .11 when included alongside a normative preference-matching metric. Specific traits in the “level metric” (interaction) tests revealed very small (average β = .04) effects. Effect sizes were similar for partnered participants who reported ideals before entering a relationship, and there was no consistent evidence that individual differences moderated any effects. Comparisons between stated and revealed preferences shed light on gender differences and similarities: For attractiveness, men’s and (especially) women’s stated preferences underestimated revealed preferences (i.e., they thought attractiveness was less important than it actually was). For earning potential, men’s stated preferences underestimated—and women’s stated preferences overestimated—revealed preferences. Implications for the literature on human mating are discussed.Output Status: Forthcoming/Available Online Additional co-authors: Carlota Batres, Katherine J. Baucom, Elizabeth Z. Beaulieu, Maciej Behnke, Natalie Butcher, Deborah Y. Charles, Jane M. Chen, Jeong Eun Cheon, Phakkanun Chittham, Patrycja Chwiłkowska, Chin Wen Cong, Lee T. Copping, Nadia S. Corral-Frias, Vera Ćubela Adorić, Mikaela Dizon, Hongfei Du, Michael I. Ehinmowo, Daniela A. Escribano, Natalia M. Espinosa, Francisca Expósito, Gilad Feldman, Raquel Freitag, Martha Frias Armenta, Albina Gallyamova, Omri Gillath, Biljana Gjoneska, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Franca Grafe, Dmitry Grigoryev, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Gul Gunaydin, Ruby Ilustrisimo, Emily Impett, Pavol Kačmár, Young-Hoon Kim, Mirosław Kocur, Marta Kowal, Maatangi Krishna, Paul Danielle Labor, Jackson G. Lu, Marc Y. Lucas, Wojciech Małecki, Klara Malinakova, Sofia Meißner, Zdeněk Meier, Michal Misiak, Amy Muise, Lukas Novak, Jiaqing O, Asil A. Özdoğru, Haeyoung Gideon Park, Mariola Paruzel, Zoran Pavlović, Marcell Püski, Gianni Ribeiro, Jan P. Röer, Ivan Ropovik, Robert M. Ross, Ezgi Sakman, Cristina E. Salvador, Emre Selcuk, Shayna Skakoon-Sparling, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Ognen Spasovski, Sarah C. E. Stanton, Suzanne L. K. Stewart, Viren Swami, Barnabas Szaszi, Kaito Takashima, Peter Tavel, Julian Tejada, Eric Tu, Jarno Tuominen, David Vaidis, Zahir Vally, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Laura Villanueva-Moya, Dian Wisnuwardhani, Yuki Yamada, Fumiya Yonemitsu, Radka Žídková, Kristýna Živná, Nicholas A. Cole
Genetic tracing of the illegal trade of the white-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) in western Central Africa
Get PDFThe white-bellied pangolin is subject to intense trafficking, feeding both local and international trade networks. In order to assess its population genetics and trace its domestic trade, we genotyped 562 pangolins from local to large bushmeat markets in western central Africa. We show that the two lineages described from the study region (WCA and Gab) were overlapping in ranges, with limited introgression in southern Cameroon. There was a lack of genetic differentiation across WCA and a significant signature of isolation-by-distance possibly due to unsuspected dispersal capacities involving a Wahlund effect. We detected a c. 74.1–82.5% decline in the effective population size of WCA during the Middle Holocene. Private allele frequency tracing approach indicated up to 600 km sourcing distance by large urban markets from Cameroon, including Equatorial Guinea. The 20 species-specific microsatellite loci provided individual-level genotyping resolution and should be considered as valuable resources for future forensic applications. Because admixture was detected between lineages, we recommend a multi-locus approach for tracing the pangolin trade. The Yaoundé market was the main hub of the trade in the region, and thus should receive specific monitoring to mitigate pangolins’ domestic trafficking. Our study also highlighted the weak implementation of CITES regulations at European borders
"History from Marble": Church Notes and Epigraphy in Early Modern England
Get PDFThis essay examines a new form of historical writing that emerged in seventeenth-century England. Mixing the study of inscriptions with the examination of tombs and other church monuments, this form of history came to be known as “history from marble”. Its practitioners drew upon the methods of epigraphy pioneered by sixteenth-century Italian humanists and the genealogical and heraldic research characteristic of late sixteenth and early seventeenth-century English antiquarianism. What resulted was a distinctive (and distinctly English) early modern historical innovation. This essay traces that development through scrutiny of four landmark works in this tradition by William Camden, Hugh Holland, John Weever and Thomas Dingley. Shaped by both continental classical philology and the specifically English interest in material culture post-Reformation, these works were at once genealogical, heraldic, epigraphic and preservationist. Influenced by memories of the recent past, but also by contemporary methodological innovations, they spearheaded a transformation in English historical and antiquarian culture. In their method of studying and writing about churches and their interest in monuments and inscriptions, they also promoted, perhaps for the first time (in an English context at least), a distinctly visual sense of the past
Childhood adversity and mental health admission patterns prior to young person suicide (CHASE): a case-control 36 year linked hospital data study, Scotland UK 1981–2017
Get PDFBackground Childhood adversity is associated with increased later mental health problems and suicidal behaviour. Opportunities for earlier healthcare identification and intervention are needed. Aim To determine associations between hospital admissions for childhood adversity and mental health in children who later die by suicide. Method Population-based longitudinal case-control study. Scottish inpatient general and psychiatric records were summarised for individuals born 1981 or later who died by suicide between 1991 and 2017 (cases), and matched controls (1:10), for childhood adversity and mental health (broadly defined as psychiatric diagnoses and general hospital admissions for self-harm and substance use). Results Records were extracted for 2477 ‘cases’ and 24 777 ‘controls’; 2106 cases (85%) and 13 589 controls (55%) had lifespan hospitalisations. Mean age at death was 23.7; 75.9% were male. Maltreatment or violence-related childhood adversity codes were recorded for 7.6% cases aged 10–17 (160/2106) versus 2.7% controls (371/13 589), odds ratio = 2.9 (95% CI, 2.4–3.6); mental health-related admissions were recorded for 21.7% cases (458/ 2106), versus 4.1% controls (560/13 589), odds ratio = 6.5 (95% CI, 5.7–7.4); 80% of mental health admissions were in general hospitals. Using conditional logistic models, we found a dose response effect of mental health admissions <18y, with highest adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for three or more mental health admissions: aOR_male = 8.17 (95% CI, 5.02–13.29), aOR_female = 15.08 (95% CI, 8.07–28.17). We estimated that each type of childhood adversity multiplied odds of suicide by aOR_male = 1.90 (95% CI, 1.64–2.21), aOR_female = 2.65 (95% CI, 1.94–3.62), and each mental health admission by aOR_male = 2.06 (95% CI, 1.81–2.34), aOR_female = 1.78 (95% CI, 1.50–2.10). Conclusions Our lifespan study found that experiencing childhood adversity (primarily maltreatment or violence-related admissions) or mental health admissions increased odds of young person suicide, with highest odds for those experiencing both. Healthcare practitioners should identify and flag potential ‘at-risk’ adolescents to prevent future suicidal acts, especially those in general hospitals
A glossary for social-to-biological research
Get PDFResearch has shown that our socially structured experiences elicit a biological response, leading to the observation that numerous biomarkers (objective biological measures that are representative of various biological processes) are socially patterned. This ‘social-to-biological’ research is of interest to researchers across multiple disciplines and topics and especially to those with an interest in understanding the biological embodiment of the ‘social environment’. Combining social and biomarker data is also of relevance to those examining the biological determinants of social behaviours (for example, the relationship between genetics and certain behaviours like smoking). However, as much of the research involving biomarkers and social data are multidisciplinary, researchers need to understand why and how to optimally use and combine such data. This article provides a resource for researchers by introducing a range of commonly available biomarkers across studies and countries. Because of the breadth of possible analyses, we do not aim to provide an exhaustive and detailed review of each. Instead, we have structured the glossary to include: an easy-to-understand definition; a description of how it is measured; key considerations when using; and an example of its use in a relevant social-to-biological study. We have limited this glossary to biomarkers that are available in large health and social surveys or population-based cohort studies and focused on biomarkers in adults. We have structured the glossary around the main physiological systems studied in research on social to biological transition and those that go across systems and highlight some basic terms and key theoretical concepts
Challenges of achieving digital transformation in manufacturing firms: the case of predictive maintenance and spare part inventory management Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management
Get PDFPurpose Predictive maintenance (PdM) has attracted increasing attention in recent years owing to the emergence of advanced condition-monitoring technologies and data analytics tools. However, the application of PdM in spare parts inventory management across the Supply Chain (SC) has not been sufficiently investigated and its Digital Transformation (DT) requirements have not been adequately researched. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the organisational readiness for the use of integrated spare parts inventory management together with PdM systems across the SC. Design/methodology/approach A series of semi-structured interviews were designed and took place across organisations in various industries to address the pre-defined research aim. In total, 15 interviewees were recruited through purposive sampling, including managers and technicians in various organisations from different industries. Findings The findings reveal that while maintenance planning and optimisation has been the subject of extensive research for decades, manufacturers are still encountering barriers in adopting and implementing digital innovations. The experts also highlighted the need for an integrated Information System (IS) enabling data sharing across the organisation since lack of integration has a vital impact on the overall business and operations performance as well as the successful DT of the enterprise. In addition, they report that the necessary and relevant data for implementing PdM is not captured or stored in their organisations. Originality The present study emphasises the technical, organisational, and environmental (TOE) dimensions that can affect such DT, and sheds light on the enablers and inhibitors that organisations face in their efforts to be technologically ready to embrace the digital integration of PdM with spare part inventory management. It is recommended that a clear shift in management mindset and organisational culture is necessary for companies to realise the benefits of PdM and the DT that will result from its implementation.Output Status: Forthcoming/Available Onlin
LGBT+ people, welfare, poverty and housing - A guide to completing Equality Impact Assessments
Get PDFEquality Impact Assessments (EqIA), or Equality and Human Rights Impact Assessments, are recognised as a way for public services to implement the Public Sector Equality Duty (PSED) under the provisions of the Equality Act 2010. These are the duties to: • Eliminate unlawful discrimination towards people who share protected characteristics; • To advance equality for people who share protected characteristics; • And to promote good relations between people who share protected characteristics. “Sexual orientation” and “gender reassignment” are the two protected characteristics in the Act that cover LGBT+ people. LGBT+ is the commonly used acronym to describe the population that are not-heterosexual and not-cisgender (i.e. trans)
Been There. Done That. International Interpretive Materials and Evolving Children’s Rights
Get PDFFirst paragraph: The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (Incorporation)(Scotland) Act 2024 (2024 Act) commenced in July 2024. The culmination of decades of work by children, young people, NGOs, elected officials and academics, the 2024 Act incorporates the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) into Scots law with the intention of ensuring a “maximalist approach” to direct legal incorporation by giving “international law direct effect in national law” while ensuring justiciability. The 2024 Act requires that Acts of the Scottish Parliament must, so far as it is possible to do so, be read and given effect in a way which is compatible with the UNCRC (s. 24(1)).Output Status: Forthcoming/Available Onlin
'What Colour Was The Cold War'
Get PDFWhat constitutes museum experts’ foundational knowledge and presumptions about the Cold War? This chapter builds on ethnographic curiosity about colour in museum settings to answer this question. Colours are a useful lens onto personal and institutional perceptions as well as preconceptions. The act of being asked to call a colour to mind that represented the past was an important indicator of how professionals envisaged the Cold War in museums – infused with cultural references, nostalgia, highly specialised knowledge and sometimes personal memories. The chapter argues that given that the public space of a museum is always coloured, one way or another, and given that we all recognise the symbolic attributes of colour, a consideration of how it informs collections, displays and institutional narratives of the Cold War can enhance museum practice
Stakeholder engagement-as-practice in public sector innovation
Get PDFDespite the existing literature identifying the importance of stakeholder participation in public sector innovation, little is known about the practice of how stakeholders are engaged by public sector workers. The aim of this article, therefore, is to address this gap through an exploratory analysis of UK public sector innovation cases. By analyzing the micro-processes of engagement work, our findings illustrate different strategies that public workers adopt based on whether innovation derives from the top-down or bottom-up and whether stakeholders are managed or co-produce innovation. For each of these strategies we highlight the prevalence of four sets of practices that were identified as facilitating engagement – procedural, material, relational, and cognitive. Our findings have implications for the existing literature that looks at the “doing” of public sector management
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