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Arterial stiffness after 6 weeks postdelivery in women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review protocol
Get PDFIntroduction Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. The risk of developing cardiovascular diseases following HDP is high. Arterial stiffness is a prognostic indicator for cardiovascular disease in the general population, and it is elevated during pregnancy in women with HDP. No systematic reviews have been conducted to determine if arterial stiffness remains elevated beyond puerperium in these women with HDP. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic literature search in the following electronic databases: Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CINAHL. The review will consider studies that investigate arterial stiffness in women who had HPD and are between 43 days and 10 years postdelivery and under 60 years of age. This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. Estimates of mean ± SD for arterial stiffness indices (cfPWV, AIx and AIx@75) for the women in the included studies will be obtained. For studies where the estimates were reported as the median and IQR, approximate estimates of mean ± SD will be calculated by using the low and high end of the range, median and sample size. Data from the individual studies will be pooled by use of a random-effects model. The risk of bias assessment will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale as appropriate. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored by sensitivity and subgroup analyse
Cultural adaptation of the 5c scale of antecedents of vaccination to assess vaccination behaviour in Pakistan
No full textThis research study explored psychological factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy among the Pakistani population, translating a standard vaccine hesitancy scale into Urdu language and utilizing it to examine its cultural adaptation and reception. The 5C scale is a validated tool to assess five psychological factors related to vaccination- Confidence, Complacency, Constraints, Calculation and Collective Responsibility.
A mixed-method approach was employed, which included population based quantitative surveys of the 5C Scale, Think-Aloud sessions to assess questionnaire usability and suitability, and focus group discussions to evaluate face validity and review of translated items within an expert group.
Age of questionnaire evaluation participants (n=26) ranged between 18 to 75 years; 61.5% were females, 38.5% were Government of Pakistan’s employees and 26.9% were housewives. Descriptive results showed that 76.9% of participants received Covid-19 vaccine recently; 61.5% received it by choice and 15.4% reported they received the Covid-19 vaccine to avoid Government restrictions. 9 participants participated in the focus group due to their experience of the vaccination process in Pakistan.
Participants mean scores of 5C constructs align with their vaccination behaviour scores, it shows that the constructs effectively predict or explain participants' decisions to get vaccinated based on their attitudes and perceptions. Three of the five subscales in the 5C(PK) questionnaire, Confidence, Constraints, and Calculations, met the criterion for internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.7) whereas, the Complacency and Collective Responsibility subscales did not meet this threshold in the population sample. This suggests that the items within these sub-scales may not be consistently measuring the intended constructs. There may be variability in how participants interpret or respond to these items. This deviated from expectations in previous literature.
Correlation analysis of population data revealed the strength and direction of the linear relationships between five constructs of vaccination hesitancy using Pearson's correlation analysis in the sample. A strong negative correlation between Confidence and Complacency, aligning with previous research highlights the crucial role of Confidence in shaping vaccine attitudes.
Think-Aloud and qualitative study revealed challenges in comprehending questions, highlighting the importance of culturally sensitive survey design. Expert Focus group discussions indicated generally positive attitudes of vaccination acceptance in Pakistan during COVID-19, with suggestions for cultural adaptations to enhance the 5C Scale's relevance. Participants generally validated significance of 5C constructs Confidence, Complacency, Constraints, Calculation, and Collective Responsibility in shaping vaccination behaviour, emphasizing trust in the Pakistan healthcare system.
In conclusion, this study provides essential insights into the need for cultural adaptation of the 5C Scale for use in Pakistan. The study findings support the predictive capability of 5C constructs in determining vaccination behaviour among the Pakistani population. The knowledge gained opens avenues for further research and validation, potentially offering a tool to understand and address vaccine hesitancy in Pakistan in future
‘Hidden’ work and lost opportunities: nursing research and impact case studies submitted to REF2021
Get PDFAim(s): (1) Identify and characterise the nursing contribution to impact case studies submitted to Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2021 across all Units of Assessment and compare this to those submitted to REF 2014; (2) Identify and characterise those impact case studies of relevance to nursing that did not include a nurse in the research team; (3) Compare the characteristics of impact case studies identified in Aim 2 with those that did include a nurse in the research team. Design: Desk-based analysis of REF2021 published data. Methods: We searched the REF2021 impact database with the term nurs* then sorted case studies into categories representing the involvement of nurses on the research team. We developed variables with which to examine the impact case studies (ICSs) and make comparisons. Results: One-fifth of ICSs involving a nurse researcher do not contribute to a visible body of ‘nursing research’ and is ‘hidden’ in other disciplines; research teams persistently fail to involve nurse researchers when researching topics of clear relevance to nurses and nursing. Conclusion: Our findings provide insight into two topics of importance for nursing research: reputation, and failure to benefit from transdisciplinarity. Impact: Benefit to nurse researchers from involvement in transdisciplinary research is still limited; some nursing research remains hidden
New perspectives on morphosyntactic change in African youth language practices
Get PDFRecent years have seen an increase in scholarly attention paid to youth language practices in Africa, with studies examining a range of linguistic phenomena. A parallel development has seen the emergence of work studying morphosyntactic microvariation in Bantu languages, with a view to better understanding structural variation in closely related languages or varieties. This special collection brings together those working in the fields of youth language practices and morphosyntactic variation in Bantu, with a view to exploring the synergies in these areas, as well as moving this domain of inquiry forward. The contributions are united by the authors’ commitment to addressing specific morphosyntactic phenomena which may have otherwise gone unnoticed, or which are less documented in the existing literature – in particular, in the scholarship on the respective base language or dominant language. We hope that the collection of papers both contributes to this body of work and inspires others to take up some of these issues in future researc
The Dispersal of Monastic Libraries in the Early Nineteenth Century: Buxheim and Karakallou
Get PDFThis article discusses the dramatic dispersal of monastic libraries in Europe and the Christian East during the early nineteenth century through two contrasting examples. These are: (1) the 1423 St Christopher woodblock print and other early examples of fifteenth-century printing, formerly the property of the Charterhouse at Buxheim in Swabia but purchased in 1803 by Alexander Horn for George John, 2nd Earl Spencer; and (2) a series of Byzantine manuscripts, formerly the property of the monastery of Karakallou on Mount Athos but purchased in 1837 by Robert Curzon, later 14th Baron Zouche. It identifies changing perceptions surrounding the value and use of books on the parts of both monks and collectors as central to this moment and explores the different – but often surprisingly similar – ways in which books left monastic ownership in western vs. eastern contexts.Output Status: Forthcomin
Abusing the unprotected ‘poor’: The prevalence of povertyist stigma and hate speech on unmoderated newspaper comment threads
No full textThe UK-wide Equality Act 2010 forbids discrimination based on age, sex, race, religion/belief, disability, gender reassignment, sexual orientation, marriage and civil partnership, and pregnancy and maternity – yet no such protections apply to people experiencing poverty and/or class-based inequalities. This legislative ‘blind-spot’ extends to UK media regulation, with most industry ethical codes prioritizing the same ‘protected characteristics’ as the law. As a result, legacy print news outlets and their audiences can freely publish statements about people in poverty that would be defined as hate speech; ruled in breach of ethical codes; and liable for potential prosecution if directed at protected groups. This article explores the prevalence of povertyist hatred on comments published on two conservative-leaning news-sites (www.telegraph.co.uk and www.dailymail.co.uk) in response to articles about rising labour shortages and ‘economic inactivity’ rates during the post-Covid ‘cost-of-living crisis’. It exposes serious gaps in the legal and regulatory framework(s) around protected characteristics, while also posing difficult questions for editors and moderators about the (in)adequacy of their existing policies for safeguarding groups already protected by law
Experiences Of Divorced Women Living In Palestine
No full textThe impacts of divorce for Palestinian women are changing over time in important ways. Some women seek divorce to escape domestic abuse and restricted autonomy but in previous generations many experienced social exclusion instead of understanding and support. We aimed to understand how divorce changes the lives and psychological wellbeing of contemporary Palestinian women, how intersecting identities might influence change, and to recommend areas of Palestinian research development for traditionally marginalised groups. A single-case narrative was developed from a translated transcript, and common themes were compared with quantitative data from a sample of 93 divorced women assessed with a survey designed by local clinicians. In the single-case narrative, divorce represented freedom from a “prison-like” marriage and a chance for personal development. Half of the broader sample shared experiences of abusive marriages and most anticipated more freedom following divorce. We conclude that divorce in the context of a conflicted or abusive marriage can improve the lives of Palestinian women and provide opportunities for wellbeing and personal growth. However, post-divorce experience varies depending on age, family support, living situation and educational level. Enriched understanding in this area will require the development of methodologies relevant to the sociocultural and political context.Output Status: Forthcomin
Studying Great Apes and Cultural Diversity to Understand the Human Mind
Get PDFPsychologists want to understand how the human mind is extraordinary among animal minds and where the unique aspects of human minds and behaviors come from. To build scientific understanding of human minds, we must study the wide range of humans across cultures, to know what all humans have in common and which aspects of human minds are diverse. However, this is not enough-studying humans across cultures tells us how humans think and act, not how they are unique among animals. To understand how humans are similar and dierent from other animals, we must study other animals too, especially our close primate relatives, the great apes, who have minds that are similar to ours in many, but not all, ways. So, to understand human minds and behaviors, researchers should study humans and non-humans at a scale that allows us to explore the origins of the similarities and dierences of minds and behaviors across our world today
Social Class Perception Is Driven by Stereotype-Related Facial Features
Get PDFSocial class is a powerful hierarchy that determines many privileges and disadvantages. People form impressions of others’ social class (like other important social attributes) from facial appearance, and these impressions correlate with stereotype judgments. However, what drives these related subjective judgments remains unknown. That is, what makes someone look like they are of higher or lower social class standing (e.g., rich or poor) and how does this relate to harmful or advantageous stereotypes? We addressed this question using a perception-based data-driven method to model the specific 3D facial features that drive social class judgments and compared them to those of stereotype-related judgments (competence, warmth, dominance, trustworthiness), based on White Western culture participants and face stimuli. Using a complementary data-reduction analysis and machine learning approach, we show that social class judgments are driven by a unique constellation of facial features that reflect multiple embedded stereotypes: poor-looking (vs. rich-looking) faces are wider, shorter, and flatter with downturned mouths and darker, cooler complexions, mirroring features of incompetent, cold, and untrustworthy-looking (vs. competent, warm, and trustworthy-looking) faces. Our results reveal the specific facial features that underlie the connection between impressions of social class and stereotype-related social traits, with implications for central social perception theories, including understanding the causal links between stereotype knowledge and social class judgments. We anticipate that our results will inform future interventions designed to interrupt biased perception and social inequalities
Reading against Reform: The Bristol Library Society and the Intellectual Culture of Bristol's Elections in 1812
Get PDFThis article pioneers a new methodological approach to the study of electoral politics by combining an analysis of the politics of reading, library association and the reading habits of electors in an English urban constituency in the early 19th century. By integrating an examination of reading practices and intellectual context into our analysis of electoral contests, political history scholars can go further in their examination of the unreformed electoral system and attempt to gauge the motivations behind voting habits and partisan identification in this period. Using electoral voting data and the records of an urban subscription library, this article explores the interrelation between the Bristol Library Society and Bristol's electoral politics, as well as conducting an analysis of which books were being borrowed and read by electors in a politically tumultuous year. Although few in number compared with the total size of Bristol's electorate, Bristol Library members were among some of the most politically and culturally influential individuals in Bristol society and were active participants in electoral contests in the city, either as candidates, campaigners, civic officials or voters. An analysis of their voting habits reveals that the library's membership reflected the Tory political hegemony that became pronounced in the city's civic politics. Moreover, an analysis of their reading habits in 1812 reveals an interest in political texts that were conservative and anti-Gallic in tone, that were representative of the political climate in Bristol in 1812, and which contributed to the defeat of candidates for reform in its electoral contests
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