Archive Electronique - Institut Jean Nicod
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1997 research outputs found
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Motor Coordination and Strategic Cooperation in Joint Action
No full textInternational audienceNaturalistic joint action between two agents typically requires both motor coordination and strategic cooperation. However, these two fundamental processes have systematically been studied independently. We presented 50 dyads of adult participants with a novel collaborative task that combined different levels of motor noise with different levels of strategic noise, to determine whether the sense of agency (the experience of control over an action) reflects the interplay between these low-level (motor) and high-level (strategic) dimensions. We also examined how dominance in motor control could influence prosocial behaviors. We found that self-agency was particularly dependent on motor cues, whereas joint agency was particularly dependent on strategic cues. We suggest that the prime importance of strategic cues to joint agency reflects the co-representation of coagents' interests during the task. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in prosocial strategies in agents who exerted dominant motor control over joint action, showing that the strategic dimension of human interactions is also susceptible to the influence of low-level motor characteristics
Leveraging social cognition to promote effective climate change mitigation
No full textInternational audienceEffective climate change mitigation is a social dilemma: the benefits are shared collectively but the costs are often private. To solve this dilemma, we argue that we must pay close attention to the nature and workings of human cooperation. We review three social cognition mechanisms that regulate cooperation: norm detection, reputation management and fairness computation. We show that each of these cognitive mechanisms can stand in the way of pro-environmental behaviours and limit the impact of environmental policies. At the same time, the very same mechanisms can be leveraged as powerful solutions for an effective climate change mitigation
Lost in pandemic time: a phenomenological analysis of temporal disorientation during the Covid-19 crisis
No full textInternational audiencePeople have experienced many forms of temporal disorientation during the Covid-19 crisis. For this study, we collected a rich corpus of reports on the multifaceted experiences of disorientation during the pandemic. In this paper, we study the resulting corpus using a descriptive approach. We identify six emerging themes: temporal rift; temporal vertigo; impoverished time; tunnel vision; spatial and social scaffolding of time; suspended time. We offer a phenomenological analysis of each of the themes. Based on the phenomenological analysis, we draw a key distinction between episodic and existential forms of temporal disorientation, and we argue that the Covid-19 crisis is best conceptualised as a period of suspended time
Introduction: Sailing Minds
No full textInternational audienceSailing is and has been with us for thousands of years, and it will be with us for as long as there are oceans and winds for us to travel through. Much has been written about its history, about the law of navigation, about its anthropology, about navigation techniques. Can we gain a fresh perspective on it, a viewpoint from the inside, by asking theoretically minded sailors? This is the key idea behind this collection: inviting philosophers, cognitive scientists, and humanities scholars who happen to sail, and asking them to write a short piece on what they perceive to be the intellectual complexities of sailing. "The intellectual complexities of sailing" was meant to be a very broad assignment. Many of the scholars around this table do not study sailing directly, but have been intrigued by the exceptional intellectual context provided by their own sailing practice-the challenges of the open seas, the peculiarities of that wondrous artifact which is the boat, the fascination with that alien environment which is the ocean, orientation and wayfinding in extreme conditions, environmental awareness, human factors and human interaction, the language of sailors, bodily feelings, spatial cognition, perception and action under pressure
The perspective‐sensitivity of presuppositions
No full textInternational audiencePresuppositions are perspective-sensitive: they may be evaluated with respect to the beliefs of a salient protagonist. This happens not only in well-known cases of perspective shift such as free indirect discourse, but also when the perspective shift is less obvious, but still present, such as in examples of so-called protagonist projection (Holton 1997). In this paper I show that this simple observation explains many puzzling facts noted in connection with presuppositions over the last fifty years, concerning for example emotive and cognitive factives, temporal clauses and reason clauses
The social indicators of the reputation of an expert
No full textInternational audienceA notion that comes from the toolbox of social sciences, trust has become a mainstream epistemological concept in the last 15 years. Yet, the notion of epistemic trust has been distinguished from the notion of moral and social trust, the former involving kinds of inferences about the others that are rationally justifiable. If I trust a scientist about the efficacy of a vaccine against COVID-19, I must have an epistemic justification. I am therefore rationally justified in trusting her because I have an epistemic reason to justify my belief. I will challenge the distinction between epistemic and moral and social trust by pointing to several social indicators that contribute to our trustful attitudes in a reasonable way. Social indicators of reputation, values and moral commitments to values are indispensable strategies to come to trust in a rational way, an attitude that is different from merely believing the truth. I also point out the fragility of trusting experts' reputations and stress the importance of avoiding some biases in trusting other people's reputations to make our deference to expert more robust
Herbrand-Gödel 1931 - Note introductive
No full textInternational audienceNote introductive à la correspondance entre Jacques Herbrand et Kurt Gödel (1931), in Anthologie de la calculabilité, dirigée par Michel Bourdeau et Jean Mosconi, Cassini, Paris
A Dynamic Semantics for Multimodal Communication
No full textInternational audienceDynamic semantics provides a mechanism by which information and discourse referents are introduced gradually into context as a discourse unfolds. Dynamic semantics involves left-to-right evaluation: discourse referents must be introduced before they can be accessed. (E.g. Johni entered the room. Hei began to sing. vs. *Hei began to sing. Johni entered the room.) Anaphoric relations also depend on the local contexts introduced by logical operators; for example, pronominal reference is possible within the local context of nobody but not outside of it. (E.g. Nobody received [a prize]i and bragged about iti. vs. *Nobody recieved [a prize]i. Iti was made of gold.) Here, I argue that a similar dynamic system governs the iconic use of space in sign language. Intuitively, one must create a picture before one can point to it. This dynamic iconic system runs parallel to the grammatical system, but interfaces with it, with interpretation similarly modulated by local contexts. I discuss the interaction of 'dynamic iconicity' with sign language examples involving cataphora and embedded indefinites