Archive Electronique - Institut Jean Nicod
Not a member yet
1997 research outputs found
Sort by
Modulations of one’s sense of agency during human–machine interactions: A behavioural study using a full humanoid robot
No full textInternational audienceAlthough previous investigations reported a reduced sense of agency when individuals act with traditional machines, little is known about the mechanisms underpinning interactions with human-like automata. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to investigate the effect of the machine's physical appearance on the individuals' sense of agency and (2) to explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying the individuals' sense of agency when they are engaged in a joint task. Twenty-eight participants performed a joint Simon task together with another human or an automated artificial system as a co-agent. The physical appearance of the automated artificial system was manipulated so that participants could cooperate either with a servomotor or a full humanoid robot during the joint task. Both participants' response times and temporal estimations of action-output delays (i.e., an implicit measure of agency) were collected. Results showed that participants' sense of agency for self-and other-generated actions sharply declined during interactions with the servomotor compared with the human-human interactions. Interestingly, participants' sense of agency for self-and other-generated actions was reinforced when participants interacted with the humanoid robot compared with the servomotor. These results are discussed further
Temporal disorientation and the Covid-19 crisis: present episodic confusion, past-oriented sustained disbelief, and future-oriented anxiety are the three main ways in which people were temporally disoriented during the pandemic
No full textPeople facing spatial and social restrictions during the Covid-19 period could report various surprising temporal disruptions, such as time passing slower and faster at once. We investigate the temporal experience of the pandemic through a corpus-based thematic analysis and multiple correspondence analysis of 149 subjective reports in March 2021, during a period of long lasting and ongoing restrictions in France and the UK. We argue that three forms of temporal disorientation constitute a fitting umbrella over a heterogeneous phenomenology. The loss of temporal landmarks made it harder to orient oneself and induced episodic forms of temporal disorientation. Distinctively, sustained temporal disbelief, an existential form of temporal disorientation, could happen when people’s past perspective was severely distorted. Finally, a future-oriented form of temporal disorientation whose hallmarks were feelings of anxiety and hopelessness could occur alongside inabilities to project oneself into the future. Our findings suggest that public authorities should provide future landmarks to those most exposed to temporal disorientation during crises
Reputation management and cultural evolution
No full textInternational audienceSociologists and social psychologists have long seen reputation management as an important human motivation. More recently, evolutionary analyses have helped understand the function of reputation management, demonstrating the fitness consequences of being thought of as dominant, moral, or competent. Here, I argue that reputation management likely plays an important, but understudied, role in cultural evolution-whether one takes the perspective of dual inheritance theory or of cultural attraction theory. I illustrate the importance of reputation management through its role in the spread of non-actionable beliefs-beliefs which have few or no behavioral consequences, but which constitute a large part of culture
Analytical Democratic Theory: A Microfoundational Approach
No full textInternational audienceA prominent and publicly influential literature challenges the quality of democratic decision making, drawing on political science findings with specific claims about the ubiquity of cognitive bias to lament citizens’ incompetence. A competing literature in democratic theory defends the wisdom of crowds, drawing on a cluster of models in support of the capacity of ordinary citizens to produce correct outcomes. In this Letter, we draw on recent findings in psychology to demonstrate that the former literature is based on outdated and erroneous claims and that the latter is overly sanguine about the circumstances that yield reliable collective decision making. By contrast, “interactionist” scholarship shows how individual-level biases are not devastating for group problem solving, given appropriate conditions. This provides possible microfoundations for a broader research agenda similar to that implemented by Elinor Ostrom and her colleagues on common-good provision, investigating how different group structures are associated with both success and failure in democratic decision making. This agenda would have implications for both democratic theory and democratic practice
From Roland to Conan: First results on the corpus of French literary fictions (1050-1920)
No full textInternational audienc
Une éthique du soin dans les organisations
No full textInternational audienceDe même que l’injonction au bonheur au travail devient un lieu commun, l’injonction à l’éthique au travail devient une banalité que plus aucune entreprise ne s’épargne. Pourtant, le taux de burn-out dans les entreprises a doublé en un an, on est loin d’un vécu plus heureux et apaisé par les salariés. D’où vient cette dissonance ? Notre position de départ est la suivante : cette attente forte par rapport au travail est légitime et proportionnée. Elle est d’une part le reflet de la « centralité du travail » ; Elle est d’autre part la marque d’une société développée qui, une fois les besoins matériels et essentiels comblés (se nourrir, se loger, se soigner, s’éduquer, se former), se préoccupe de son épanouissement culturel, axiologique, relationnel, émotionnel, spirituel : en un mot éthique. Cela étant dit, si le sujet de l’éthique au travail est légitime, les réponses apportées ne fonctionnent pas, ou pas toujours, et nous formulerons des propositions philosophiques pour qu'elles soient plus efficientes
Around "Around"
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter, written in honor of Stephanie Solt, briefly reports on the reasons to adopt a weak parametric semantics for approximators like ``around''. I review Solt's own account and discuss evidence in favor of more flexibility in the truth-conditions of ``around'' than suggested by her account. I present the truth conditions proposed in recent joint work with B. Spector, A. Mortier, and S. Verheyen, and explain how they were derived from a previous sketch in which ``around'' is characterized in terms of existential quantification over intervals. This quantificational structure remains worthy of consideration
Generalizing Polarity Sensitive Items to Positive Environments in an Artificial Language
No full textInternational audienceTwo well known patterns involve polarity sensitive items. First is Jespersen's cycle: a polarity sensitive item appearing in the scope of negation is reanalyzed as itself the marker of negation. Second, many NPIs in English have a secondary positive use, with a systematic semantic relation to the polarity sensitive use: in each case, the meaning of the positive form is the logical dual of the NPI. This study investigates these meaning changes using an artificial language learning paradigm, where learners are trained on ambiguous input, and must generalize beyond this input. We ask which generalization strategies appear when learners have to interpret polarity sensitive items in a positive environment
Good and Ought in Argumentation: COVID-19 as a Case Study
No full textInternational audienceAbstract The present chapter concerns arguments whose conclusions take the form of a prescription such as you ought to do such-and-such , which have driven much public discussion and policy since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to tackle a hitherto under-explored characteristic of many such normative arguments, namely, the relationship between evaluative and deontic propositions, depending on whether they occur as premises or conclusions in such arguments. In order to investigate how willing people are to argue from what is good to what one ought to do, and the other way round, we conducted an Inferential Judgment Experiment. Participants were presented with arguments involving deontic and evaluative propositions, and had to judge whether they could infer conclusion from premise. The stimuli that we used are tightly related to the argumentation surrounding the pandemic, regarding the measures of preventing the spread of COVID-19. The results of the study show that there is a robust inferential connection between evaluatives and deontics, but at the same time, a significant asymmetry as well. We explore several theoretical approaches to the relationship between the deontic and the evaluative realm, and test their predictions against the results of our study
