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Structure-property relationships in the lanthanide-substituted PbBi2Nb2O9 Aurivillius phase synthesized by the molten salt method
No full textSamples of PbBi2Nb2O9, PbBi1.5La0.5Nb2O9, and PbBi1.5Nd0.5Nb2O9 have been prepared by the molten salt method. The structure, morphology, and electrical properties were investigated. All samples are single- phase and crystallize in an orthorhombic structure with A21am symmetry. Neutron diffraction data indicate that the Ln3+ cations prefer to occupy the perovskite A-site, whereas Pb/Bi occupy the perovskite A-site and the Bi2O2 layer. Changes in unit cell volume are observed on substitution and are attributed to the ionic radii of the Ln3+ cations and also correlated to changes in the B-O bond distances in the BO6 octahedra, which are also observed in IR spectra. SEM images reveal anisotropic plate-like grains, which increase in size with the presence of Ln3+ ions. The ferroelectric transition temperature (Tc) decreases with decreasing degree of BO6 distortion as the influence of the 6s2 lone pair of Bi3+ is diminished. Relaxor ferroelectric behavior is observed with Ln3+ substitution, driven by the disorder of the A-site cations. The room temperature ferroelectric polarization increases with Ln3+ substitution, ascribed to the decreased dielectric loss
Uji Aktivitas Antiplatelet, Antikoagulan, dan Trombolitik Alkaloid Total Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) secara in Vitro
Get PDFPapaya leaves have a number of alkaloid compounds (carpaine, pseudocarpaine, dehydrocarpaine I, dehydrocarpaine II, and emetine). This study aimed to determine the antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and thrombolytic activities of total alkaloids of papaya leaves in vitro. This study was divided into 5 groups: negative control, positive control, and total alkaloids of papaya leaves (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL) with 5 parameters: % platelet aggregation inhibition, CT, PT, APTT, and % thrombolytic. Based on statistical analysis, there was a significant difference between percentage of aggregation inhibition of total alkaloids and negative
controls, but was not different with positive control (clopidogrel). Anticoagulant test showed that total alkaloid of papaya leaves significantly extended CT, PT, and APTT values compared with negative control, but was not significantly different with positive control (heparin). Thrombolytic test showed that total alkaloid of papaya leaves increased trombolitic percentage and significantly different from the negative control, but was not significantly different from positive control (nattokinase)
Survei Rumah Tangga terhadap Profil Obat pada Responden dengan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional di Jakarta Timur
Get PDFHousehold surveys are one of the methods to obtain accurate information on medicine utilization in society. The study was carried out to identify the access of medicine and medicine utilization profile. A survey using convenient sampling method was conducted in 30 households with national health insurance (JKN) diagnosed with chronic diseases in East Jakarta. Each family was observed once a week for 8 weeks to analyse their diseases, medication used, and medicine access. About 19 (63.3%) respondents enrolled in this study were male. The mean ± SD of age was 55.87±12.486 years old. About 23(76.7%) respondent had access of medicine through hospital and 7(23.3%) by pharmacy directly. The most common chronic diseases identified were cardiovascular and endocrine disorder. Cardiovascular, alimentary tract and metabolism, and nervous system were medications most commonlyused. Most of respondents used about 1-3 kind of medications in a month. About 101 kind of drugs used, 74 kinds of drug among of them were generic and 27 were non generic. About 12 (40%) respondents used vitamin and 8 (26.67%) used supplement. This study highlights respondent access of medicine through hospital and cardiovascular medicines were the most commonly used
Evaluasi Penggunaan Insulin pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit X di Jakarta Periode 2016-2017
Get PDFType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) is a metabolic disease with the characteristics of hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormal insulin secretion. One of the treatments of DM is insulin therapy. Based on its provenance, insulin consists of human insulin and analogue insulin. This study was conducted to identify profiles of insulin used in DMT2 patients at RSUP X hospital in Jakarta. This was an observational study conducted retrospectively on data from 2016 to 2017. The total sample numbers of DMT2 outpatients using insulin were 218 in 2016, and 225 in 2017. Data on insulin therapy regimens were obtained from medical records and drug use reports. The results obtained from this study indicated that the type of insulin that was widely used by DMT2 outpatients was analogue insulin with a percentage of 99%. The human insulin was rarely used in outpatients. The highest use of analogue insulin was analog premixed insulin (35%