Architexturez South Asia
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Brick Sizes and Architectural Regularities at Neolithic Çatalhöyük
No full textCentral Anatolian Çatalhöyük (ca. 7,100–5,950 cal. BCE) is a rare example of a well-preserved Neolithic settlement that is considered one of the key sites for understanding changes in prehistoric ways of life, from the domestication of cattle and the adoption of a settled way of living, to the invention of pottery and metallurgy, and the appearance of long-distance trade (Hodder 2007; Hodder & Farid 2014). It is also an optimal site for the study of mudbrick architecture because of its continual habitation sequence, as well as the extensive exposure of architectural remains. This deeply stratified sequence, with houses built one upon another, provides a unique opportunity to document temporal changes both within and between the houses through all the main occupational phases spanning in total over 1,100 years.</p
Methodological Approaches to Researching Maritime and Underwater Cultural Heritage Along the Swahili Coast in Tanzania
No full textBoth mainland and maritime based evidence show that from the first millennium CE, Tanzania was connected to the Indian Ocean maritime trade networks and that for a period of more than a thousand years, the coast and hinterlands of Tanzania and other areas of the Swahili coast were central in maritime exchange in the Indian Ocean world. This global interaction is revealed in the material culture, including ceramics and beads, as well as shipwreck sites. Despite the practices of maritime, nautical and underwater archaeologies being in their infancy, a few of the recovered maritime and underwater cultural heritage traces have revealed potential in reconstructing the maritime history of the Tanzanian coast. These material records provide evidence indicative of the trade relations that took place not only between the Tanzanian coast and other parts of the world, but also between the coast and the hinterland. Slowly, scholars have begun to understand the influence of the sea and its role in past human activities. This paper presents the drivers, approaches and perspectives that have been used in reconstructing and managing the maritime and underwater patrimonies. Specifically, the paper takes a historical approach to assess the status quo of practices and activities aimed at maritime and underwater archaeological research.</p
'Conopy on Void': International Design Competition of City Main Library Gwangju
No full textThe Basel Mission
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The Basel Mission was established by Calvinists from Basel and Lutherans from Wurttemberg in response to the threat of Napoleon’s army and operated from 1815 to 2001.
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Cameras, campuses and the future of politics in an era of imaging technologies
No full textThe recent explosion and changes in camera technologies has had a bearing on state surveillance, amateur photographic practices, and people’s involvement with camera cultures. Much of urban life is now mediated by photography in different forms—from being caught, often unaware, on CCTVs, to a far more self-conscious engagement with some of the more readily available camera forms. This article is an attempt to open up some of the issues at stake when engaging with this array of cameras, and to think about the stakes involved. Would the manner in which one engaged photography differ if it were produced by a surveillance device rather than by a personal camera? The article is divided into two main parts. The first engages the contexts and nature of surveillance technology, focusing particularly on the CCTV camera. The second locates the CCTV discussion within campus politics and attempts to think about the uneasy and challenging relationship between photography, truth and politics.</p
A Hydrologically Fractured State? Nation-Building, the Hirakud Dam and Societal Divisions in Eastern India
No full textThis article analyses how long-running, multilayered conflicts over water at the Hirakud dam underpin present-day societal divisions in Odisha state. There are four unresolved conflicts over this dam in the state: movements against displacement, movements for rehabilitation, struggles between agricultural and industrial water users, and, finally, disputes between federal states. These have generated societal ruptures from the announcement of the dam in 1946 to the present day. We argue that understanding the confluence and ingrained, overlapping character of these conflicts provide important vantage points for understanding the present uneasy constitution of subregional state fabrication in Odisha.</p
Contested Cartographies: Empire and Sovereignty on a Map of Sistān, Iran (1883)
No full textThe papers of Malkam Khān (1833–1908), Iranian ambassador in London from 1872 to 1889, a staunch supporter of Iranian state modernization and a scholar, include an often-overlooked map of the Iran–Afghanistan border dating to 1883. Mirzā Mohammad-Rezā Tabrizi compiled this exceptional piece of nineteenth-century Iranian cartography. The map is an illustration of how quickly the Qajar administration was able to emulate European cartographical discourses to protect its own interests in the context of the so-called ‘Great Game’, that is, the often confrontational Russo–British relations over the control of Central Asia and Afghanistan in the nineteenth century. In this article we show that Iranian officials had developed a much more substantial articulation between cartography and statecraft than is conveyed by the stereotypes in nineteenth-century Western literature, when the capacity of local players to use counter-mapping to their own advantage was often underestimated by European agents. Mirzā Mohammad-Rezā Tabrizi’s map of Sistān exemplifies how the apparently all-powerful Western science that seemingly supported nineteenth-century imperial expansion was rarely left unchallenged locally. The genealogy and circulation of the map also reflects how overly simplistic the postulation of a polarization of ‘Western’ knowledge and ‘Eastern’ attempts at safeguarding local sovereignty can be.</p
Waste, Social Order, and Physical Disorder in Small-Town India
No full textIndia’s waste is growing fast; so is its research, and so is the informal economy in which it is embedded. Here research on a small-town waste economy (WE) is situated in the literature on urban informal waste, making three contributions. First, an analytical grid is placed over this small-town formal-informal waste economy in terms of its circuits of capital in the generation of waste. These comprise factory production, physical and economic distribution, consumption, the production of labour and the reproduction of society. Second, field evidence for this waste economy is used to interrogate the three prevailing approaches to theorising informality, revealing how social and economic segmentation can simultaneously drive all three theorised relationships in a complementary fashion. Third, the municipal government’s fragmented architecture and informal bureaucratic behaviour reveal not only severely compromised management capacities but also the local state’s paradoxical dependence on, and distance from, the informal waste economy.</p
Indian parents’ perception of children's independent mobility in urban neighbourhoods: a case study of Delhi
No full textParents’ role, as primary decision-makers, is critical in granting independent mobility permissions to children within local surroundings. This paper aims to explore the parental perception of children's independent mobility (CIM) and the influential urban policies taking the case of an urban neighbourhood in Delhi. The study looks at CIM from a three-lens perspective of concept, concern and challenges. Qualitative interviews were conducted with fifteen parents of children aged 7–12 years, on their understanding of CIM and to obtain CIM license scores. The content analysis reveals that CIM is not only a complex but also a conditional phenomenon, with conditions of ‘time’ and ‘location’ as decisive factors. Lack of trust in children's independent travel to school and the use of public transport were identified as unique challenges affecting overall CIM. Concludingly, by placing the voice of parents at the forefront, this study positions India on the emerging map of CIM domain.</p