30394 research outputs found
Sort by
Measuring business cycles using vars
No full textWe propose to measure business cycles using vector autoregressions (VARs). Our method builds on two insights: VARs automatically decompose the data into stable and unstable components, and variance-based shock identfication can extract meaningful cycles from the stable part. This method has appealing properties: (1) it isolates a well-defined component associated with typical fluctuations; (2) it ensures stationarity by construction; (3) it targets movements at business-cycle frequencies; and (4) it is backward-looking, ensuring that cycles at each date only depend on current and past shocks. Since most existing filters lack one or more of these features, our method offers a valuable alternative. In an empirical application, we show that the two shocks with the largest cyclical impact effectively capture postwar U.S. business cycles and we find a tighter link between real activity and inflation than previously recognized. We compare our method with standard alternatives and document the plausibility and robustness of our results
Environmental Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops
No full textGenetically modified (GM) crops have been adopted by some of the world’s leading agricultural nations, but the full extent of their environmental impacts remains largely unknown. While concerns about the direct environmental effects of GM crops have declined, GM crops have led to indirect changes in agricultural practices, including pesticide use, agricultural expansion, and cropping patterns
with profound environmental implications. Recent studies paint a nuanced picture of these environmental impacts, with mixed effects of GM crop adoption on biodiversity, deforestation, and human health that vary with the GM trait and geographic scale. New GM or gene-edited crops with different traits would likely have different environmental and human health impacts
Focus sur la prise en compte de l'industrie personnelle dans les rapports entre époux (Cass. civ. 1, avis, 12 juin 2025).
No full textCompensation of CEOs – New Perspectives and New Metrics
No full textThis paper reports CEO compensation data from the SEC as of December 31, 2022, for all S&P 500 firms, regrouped into 10 industries based on the Bloomberg classification. It presents the breakdown of the corresponding CEO's compensation, showing the proportion of incentive components in total amounts, as well as the variety of approaches used to establish compensation.
The relative compensation of CEOs is at the heart of discussions on inequality, and whether a given CEO is worth the pay she/he is getting remains an open question. The CEO pay ratio, measured as the CEO's total compensation relative to the median comprehensive pay of a firm’s employees, is the most frequently quoted number in the popular press. For S&P 500 firms, the largest US companies by capitalization, this ratio reached an average value of 292 in 2022. While many observers focus on the CEO pay ratio, other measures may be more informative and relevant for stakeholders, including employees and shareholders. To show how much employees implicitly “contribute” to their CEO's total pay, we propose alternative ratios, such as the CEO pay per employee and the B-ratio, which measures CEO encompassing pay as a percentage of total payroll, thereby giving the employees’ contribution as a percentage of their respective pay.
To assess whether such employees’ contributions are worthwhile, one must determine the value of the CEO for the organization, its workers, and stakeholders. Such value rests on the CEOs' role and the practical impact of their leadership in ensuring the company’s success, sustainability, and job security. The way questions are framed influences perceptions by the firm’s stakeholders, highlighting the need for proper analysis using appropriate metrics
Innovation Diffusion Among Coworkers: Evidence from Senior Doctors
No full textUsing a novel 15-year data set on surgeon adoption of a complex surgical innovation in the English National Health Service and an identification strategy based on surgeon mobility, this paper disentangles three channels of coworker influence on innovation diffusion: (1) peer network size, (2) influential “key players,” and (3) cumulative peer adoption. We find that a one standard deviation in peer connections boost innovation by 16%. Key players can either amplify or dampen diffusion, and peer adoption has a greater impact on less experienced individuals. These results highlight the value of targeting training to high impact network members to speed up diffusion. This work advances our understanding of how professional networks shape innovation diffusion, with implications for technology implementation
Marionnettistes et ventriloques du web. Stratégies discursives des community managers de la télévision
No full textCette contribution se penche sur les stratégies mises en œuvre par les community managers des chaînes de télévision françaises pour simuler des conversations avec les internautes sur les réseaux sociaux numériques. Ces professionnels utilisent une variété d’outils plurisémiotiques afin de concevoir des artefacts conversationnels. Leur objectif principal est de stimuler les interactions et les commentaires des utilisateurs sans nécessairement engager avec eux un dialogue. Ce faisant, ils agissent à la fois comme des marionnettistes qui orchestrent différentes postures énonciatives et donnent la parole à de nombreux énonciateurs seconds (animateurs, comédiens, internautes, etc.) et, comme des ventriloques, animant autant qu’ils sont animés par les valeurs des marques au nom desquels ils s’expriment. Ces contrefaçons dialogiques contribuent à une reconfiguration de l’énonciation télévisuelle sur le web social, donnant l’impression d’une proximité avec le public. De nature pragmatique, cette étude analyse les caractéristiques de ces processus à partir d’un corpus constitué des publications issues pages et comptes de trois chaînes de télévision (TF1, France 2 et M6) sur Facebook, Instagram et Twitter, entre 2009 et 2021
De quelques précisions au sujet du motif de refus d’exécution facultatif du mandat d’arrêt européen lié à la résidence habituelle, à propos de l’arrêt de la chambre criminelle du 23 juillet 2025, n° 25-84.457
No full textLe refus d’exécuter un mandat d’arrêt européen au titre de la résidence habituelle en France est subordonné à la réunion de deux conditions cumulatives : d’une part, l’existence d’une résidence habituelle effective sur le territoire national, sans condition de durée, constatée par la chambre de l’instruction, sans exigence de durée minimale ; d’autre part, la compétence exclusive du procureur de la République pour décider de la mise à exécution en France de la condamnation étrangère. Dès lors, la chambre de l’instruction ne saurait écarter ce motif qu’au cas où l’une au moins de ces conditions ferait défaut