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Une décision collective doit être au moins majoritaire
No full textà propos de l’arrêt la Vierge (A.P. 15 nov. 2024
Double-filiation maternelle établie selon la loi étrangère et exercice conjoint de l’autorité parentale selon la loi française
No full textL’exigence de non-tardiveté de l’établissement de la filiation issue du droit français de l’autorité parentale pour conditionner l’exercice conjoint de l’autorité parentale ne peut pas remettre en cause le mode d’établissement de la filiation régi par la loi étrangère. Ainsi, lorsque la loi étrangère applicable à la filiation permet d’établir la double filiation à l’égard des deux mères des enfants, il en résulte que l’autorité parentale régie par la loi française est exercée en commun par les parents
The Birth of Price Theory in Peter Olivi’s Treatise on Contracts (Narbonne: 1295): A Tool against Misconceived Regulation
Get PDFConfession was made compulsory in 1215 at the Lateran Council. Confessors became a kind of regulators, providing advice and inflicting fines, called “restitutions”. Peter Olivi created price theory in 1295 to show that their concepts of ‘just price’ and ‘usury’ were misconceived and harmful for the ‘common good’. The paper uses Olivi’s own words, duly translated into English, to bring out his path-breaking contributions using the tools of elementary microeconomics to take stock of his achievements. His theoretical framework is presented step-by-step, culminating with capital-asset pricing and long-distance trade. The paper then briefly highlights the salient thinkers that kept his legacy alive across about three centuries
Clustering in communication networks with different-minded participants
Get PDFThis paper examines how the structure of communication networks influences learning and social welfare when participants have different prior opinions and face uncertainty about an external state. We analyze a game in which players form links to exchange opinions on the state and reduce their uncertainty. The players hold imperfectly correlated subjective priors on the state. Therefore, their opinions transmit their private signals with frictions, termed interpretation noise. Network clustering facilitates learning by eliminating this interpretation noise. Therefore, the egalitarian efficient network is: a complete component if the interpretation noise is sufficiently high, and a flower otherwise. This network constitutes a Nash equilibrium. These findings establish a link between a key feature of social networks (clustering) and the quality of learning through network communication, offering a potential explanation for the prevalence of clustering in real-world social networks
Cédant terrassé par la charge de la preuve de la réticence dolosive (Cass. Com., 27 nov. 2024, n° 23-11.476)
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L'immunité souveraine, un prétexte aux faveurs fiscales consenties entre Etats : l'exemple de la France
No full textPrevention and Precaution
No full textThis chapter surveys the economic literature on prevention and precaution. Prevention refers to costly activities that mitigate risk. Prevention encompasses self-protection, an investment to reduce the probability of loss, and self-insurance, an investment to reduce the severity of loss. Precaution is defined as an activity to alleviate potential harm in response to limited present information, which may become more complete over time. We first present results on prevention, including the effect of risk preferences, wealth, and background risk. We also summarize recent behavioral research on prevention. Second, we discuss how the concept of precaution can be linked to the effect of arrival of information and present the literature on precautionary effort