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How do rights revolutions occur? Free speech and the First Amendment
No full textDoes obscenity law affect moral values and does it matter? Using random judge assignment and all U.S. obscenity precedents since 1958, we report four key findings. Democratic judges, more than Republicans, tended to vote progressively in obscenity cases. Such progressive rulings liberalized sexual attitudes and behaviors, increased asymptomatic STDs, but reduced child abuse. The media played a role in transferring legal precedents onto societal values. These results support a model positing laws not only sanction activities but also shape societal norms, especially when these activities become prevalent
Price discrimination and online sales in the automobile industry
No full textWe investigate the welfare consequences of introducing an online distribution channel in the French car industry, where most sales take place in person through car dealers relying on third-degree price discrimination. We estimate a structural model of demand with unobserved third-degree price discrimination and transportation costs related to visiting car dealers. In counterfactuals, we introduce an online distribution channel in which prices are uniform and consumers benefit from lower transportation costs. When both distribution channels are available, firms charge low online prices to attract internet-savvy consumers online, while continuing to price discriminate the less internet-savvy consumers in person. The online channel is profitable for firms, and the more it reduces transportation costs, the more profitable it is. However, the costs and benefits of the online channel are unevenly distributed among consumers, with older, wealthier, and internet-savvy consumers obtaining most of the benefits
Le steak végétal en procès. Par-delà le mot et la chose, nommer est-ce penser ?
No full textUn steak peut-il être végétal ? Question nominaliste, à la confluence du droit de la santé et des droits du consommateur. L'étude analyse le raisonnement juridique de la CJUE, et pousse jusqu'à la philosophie du langage
Servitude d’utilité publique de captage des eaux : quelques précisions sur le point de départ d’une prescription complexe (Civ. 3e, 11 sept. 2025, FS-B, n° 23-14.398)
No full textL'instauration d'un périmètre de protection rapprochée pour la protection des eaux destinées à la consommation humaine n'emportant pas automatiquement l'inconstructibilité des parcelles concernées, le point de départ de la prescription quadriennale de la demande d'indemnités dues aux propriétaires ou occupants de ces parcelles est le premier jour de l'année suivant celle au cours de laquelle ils ont eu ou auraient dû avoir connaissance des restrictions d'usage résultant de la servitude d'utilité publique les affectant
Le principe de sécurité juridique en droit constitutionnel allemand, origine et contours
No full textCompte rendu de Nathalie Le Bouëdec, La justice ouest-allemande face aux médias (1945-1963). L’impossible relation de confiance ?
No full textBanks, Bonds, and Collatera l: A Microfounded Comparison under Adverse Selection
No full textFirms often choose between concentrated, renegotiable bank claims and dispersed, arm’s-length market debt. I develop a tractable adverse-selection model in which both financiers can take collateral, but they differ in enforcement and coordination efficiency at default. The single primitive wedge—a higher effective liquidation rate for concentrated creditors—is sufficient to generate coexistence, a sharp cutoff in the bank–bond partition, and distinctive comparative statics. A marginal improvement in bankruptcy/insolvency efficiency or bondholder coordination reallocates issuance toward bonds, compresses loan–bond pricing gaps for safe types, and shifts default incidence and collateral intensity in predictable ways. The welfare decomposition clarifies when strengthening bank enforcement reduces deadweight liquidation losses (by moving marginal types into monitored finance) versus when improving market-side coordination dominates (by accelerating dispersed-creditor resolution). The model delivers stability-relevant predictions for default rates, recovery, covenant stringency, and issuance composition around reforms that move liquidation efficiency on either side, and it provides a disciplined mapping to empirical proxies (recoveries, covenant strength, creditor dispersion)
Using generative AI to increase sceptics' engagement with climate science
No full textClimate scepticism remains an important barrier to public engagement with accurate climate information, because sceptics often actively avoid information that contains climate science facts. There still lacks a scalable, repeatable intervention to boost sceptics’ engagement with climate information. Here we show that generative artificial intelligence can enhance engagement with climate science among sceptical audiences by subtly modifying headlines to reduce anticipated disagreement, regret and negative emotions, without compromising factual integrity. Headlines of climate science articles modified by an open-source large language model led to more bookmarks and more upvotes, and these effects were strongest among the most sceptical participants. Participants who engaged with climate science as a result of this intervention showed a shift in beliefs towards alignment with the scientific consensus. These results show that generative artificial intelligence can alter the information diet sceptics consume and holds promise for advancing public understanding of science when responsibly deployed by well-intentioned actors
Government Reputation in Ramsey Taxation
No full textWe embed honesty-based reputation into a Ramsey taxation framework with com-petitive firms and households. In a static benchmark with exogenous trust, there is a sharp cutoff below which the optimal policy sets no taxes and above which the optimal tax take rises with trust. In the dynamic model, beliefs evolve through noisy public monitoring of delivered public goods; the planner’s problem is well posed, the value is increasing and convex in beliefs, and optimal revenue is monotone in reputation with a trust threshold that is weakly below the static cutoff. With multiple broad instruments and symmetric monitoring, the dynamic force acts through the total revenue scale; the tax mix is indeterminate along an equivalence frontier. Blackwell-improving monitor-ing and greater type persistence expand the optimal scale and shift the trust threshold inward. The model delivers clear policy prescriptions for building fiscal capacity in low-trust environments and testable links between measured trust, verifiability, and revenue