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Record historique de fréquentation : 206 Millions de validations en 2024
No full textCet article publié dans les Cahiers d’Administration 2025 évoque les progrès très significatifs de la fréquentation des transports en commun réalisés par Tisseo en 2024 dans la grande agglomération toulousaine
Higher blood lipid levels after the transition to menopause in two forager-horticulturalist populations
No full textBackground
Reproduction affects health and longevity among females across the life course. While significant focus has been devoted to the role of menarche, menopause remains understudied. Most menopause research is conducted in industrialized populations, where the risk of cardiovascular diseases increases progressively during the menopausal transition.
Methodology
We worked with the Tsimane, Indigenous Bolivian forager-farmers with physically active lifestyles, and the Moseten, genetically and culturally related horticulturalists experiencing greater market integration. We assessed relationships between menopause status and lipid biomarkers (HDL, LDL, non-HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein-B). Using linear mixed-effects models, in an all-age sample of n = 1,121 women (15–92 years) we found positive associations between menopausal status and most lipid levels.
Results
Menopause was associated with 5.0% higher total cholesterol (b = 7.038 mg/dL, P = .001), 9.4% higher LDL (b = 5.147 mg/dL, P = .017), 5.9% higher non-HDL cholesterol (b = 8.071 mg/dL, P < .001), 11.3% higher triglycerides (b = 19.119 mg/dL, P < .001), and 1.5% higher apolipoprotein-B (b = 0.248 mg/dL, P = .001), controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), year of data collection, and population. In contrast, HDL did not vary with menopause status.
Conclusions
After controlling for age, BMI, and year of data collection, post-menopausal lipid profiles among the Tsimane across six biomarkers are 2–7 times lower than those documented in U.S./U.K. populations. These results support existing literature that documents distinct shifts in lipid profiles during and after the menopause transition in industrialized populations. Further, our results suggest lipids increase post-menopause similarly to those of industrialized populations, despite the differential diet, physical activity, fertility, and hormone exposure in industrialized environments.
Lay Summary
Menopause is a relatively rare life history trait primarily studied in industrial populations. We examined relationships between menopause and cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers in two forager-horticulturalist populations. We found positive associations between menopause and total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, non-HDL, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein-B, suggesting lipid increases post-menopause are a human universal
Multi-Product Supply Function Equilibria
No full textWe characterize Nash equilibria in multi-product markets in which producers commit to vectors of supply functions contingent on all prices. The framework accommodates (dis)economies of scope in production, and goods may be substitutes or complements in demand. We show that equilibrium allocations of underlying goods and payoffs are invariant under bundling. With quadratic costs and linear demand, this invariance reduces the multi-product problem to an equivalent set of single-product markets that can be analyzed independently. We introduce Lerner and pass-through matrices to capture markups and welfare losses; their eigenvalues summarize fundamental market properties, remain invariant under bundling, and lend themselves to comparative statics analysis
Price Parity Clauses and platform data acquisition
No full textMany platforms use Price Parity Clauses (PPCs) to prevent sellers charging lower prices elsewhere. In a setting where PPCs affect platforms’ data acquisition, we show that buyers and sellers may benefit from PPCs when the market is young
L’absence de qualité d’un créancier social pour agir en demande d’administration provisoire (note s/s Cass. com., 7 mai 2025, n ° 23-20.471)
No full textLe créancier d’une société n’a pas qualité pour demander en justice la nomination d’un administrateur chargé de gérer provisoirement les affaires sociales
Détermination de la valeur des droits sociaux : le régime de l’expertise de l’article 1843-4 du Code civil en voie de précision
No full textReprise des actes : encore des précisions (note ss. Cass. com., 28 mai 2025, n° 24-13.435 et 24-13.370)
No full textDynamic Delegation with Reputation Feedback
No full textWe study dynamic delegation with reputation feedback: a long-lived expert advises a sequence of implementers whose effort responds to current reputation, altering outcome informativeness and belief updates. We solve for a recursive, belief-based equilibrium and show that advice is a reputation-dependent cutoff in the expert’s signal. A diagnosticity condition—failures at least as informative as successes—implies reputational conservatism: the cutoff (weakly) rises with reputation. Comparative statics are transparent: greater private precision or a higher good-state prior lowers the cutoff, whereas patience (value curvature) raises it. Reputation is a submartingale under competent types and a supermartingale under less competent types; we separate boundary hitting into learning (news generated infinitely often) versus no-news absorption. A success-contingent bonus implements any target experimentation rate with a plug-in calibration in a Gaussian benchmark. The framework yields testable predictions and a measurement map for surgery (operate vs. conservative care)
Three Essays in CSR and Risk Disclosures
No full textThis study examines whether financially endorsed corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitments improved the stock market performance of China’s listed firms during exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2020. I find that CSR itself did not result in higher stock returns during the crisis period of the pandemic, suggesting that the moral (social) capital from CSR could not solely provide an “insurance-like” buffer against the shock. In contrast, my results show that CSR commitments lead to higher stock returns when firms are more financially flexible, suggesting that financial flexibility endorses
implicit CSR commitments to stakeholders during a crisis. My results are robust to a difference-in�differences specification, alternative CSR measures and the inclusion of additional controls