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Ispitivanje rezistentnosti različitih populacija Chenopodium album L. i Amaranthus retroflexus L. na atrazin pomoću ne destruktivnih metoda
No full textThe aim of our investigation was to establish the level of atrazine resistance of Chenopodium album L. and Amaranthus retrqflexus L. populations collected from different localities in Serbia. Resistant population of the same weed species from Great Britain was used as a known reference. We measured chlorophyll a fluorescence and relative chlorophyll content using SPAD-meter, as a nondestructive method in order to compare the resistance in weed species. Our results showed that chlorophyll fluorescence was most sensitive method for distinguishing triazine resistant and susceptible plants compared with SPAD-Meter. In the populations of Chenopodium album L. and Amaranthus retrqflexus L. - collected from Zemun Polje, Surcin and Belgrade atrazine resistance was not confirmed.Ispitivanja su bila usmerena na utvrđivanje nivoa rezistentnosti različitih populacija Chenopodium album L. i Amaranthus retroflexus L. prikupljenih na lokalitetima u Srbiji prema atrazinu. Kao referentne rezistentne populacije korišćene su populacije istih vrsta korova dobijene iz laboratorije u Velikoj Britaniji. Poređenje rezistentnosti korova rađeno je ne destruktivnim tehnikama: merenjem fluorescencije hlorofila a i merenjem relativnog sadržaja hlorofila pomoću SPAD-metra. Merenje fluorescencije hlorofila, računato kao odnos Fv/Fm, se pokazala kao najosetljivija metoda za razdvajanje rezistentnih i osetljivih populacija. Nasuprot ovome merenje sadržaja hlorofila SPAD-metrom se pokazalo kao manje pouzdan metod, jer nisu uvek dobijene jasne razlike između tretiranih i ne tretiranih biljaka. Kod ispitivanih populacija Chenopodium album L. sa lokaliteta Zemun Polje, Surčin i Beograd i populacija Amaranthus retroflexus L. sa lokaliteta Zemun Polje i Beograd nije potvrđena rezistentnost na atrazin
Parasitism of the horse chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimic (Lep., Gracillariidae), in Serbia and Macedonia
No full textA study concerning the parasitism of Cameraria ohridella , a pest of Aesculus hippocastanum invading Europe, has been carried out in Serbia and Macedonia in 1998 and 1999. From C. ohridella 14 species of parasitoids were reared, which are polyphagous and occur in the whole of Europe. Twelve of the species found belong to the Chalcidoidean family Eulophidae. The rates of parasitism at different sampling dates did not exceed 25 %. The results, when compared with data from central Europe, showed that C. ohridella most certainly does not originate from Serbia or Macedonia - the regions in which C. ohridella was observed for the first time - as an indigenous leaf miner on A. hippocastanum
Novi nalazi krompirovih nematoda u Srbiji
No full textSpecimens of Globodera pallida Stone, 1973 were found in potato fields and roots of potato at Javor (Kušići) at the localities of Šanac and Kladnica. Specimens of Globodera rostochiensis (Walen.,1923) Behrens, 1975 were found in potato fields on potato roots at Gojna gora (Poljopromet), Stranjanci, Milatovići, Kotraža (Dragačevo), TP Jagodnja and PEK Komerc. Both species were found at the localities of Ogradenik (Javor Kušići) and Milatovići (Ćurčić Stevan) in Western Serbia. This is the first record of Globodera pallida Stone, 1973 in Serbia.Ciste krompirovih nematoda (Globoilera spp), utvrđene su u 54 uzorka zemljišta, od ukupno 684 uzorka, ispitanih na početku vegetacije krompira u Srbiji u 2005. godini. Ciste sa vitalnim sadržajem utvrđene su u 21 uzorku zemljišta, na ukupno 28,52 ha, od čega u 17 uzoraka (26,02ha) u Moravičkom okrugu, i u 4 uzorka (2,5 ha) u Mačvanskom okrugu. Globodera rostochiensis je utvrđena u 18 uzoraka, Globodera pallida u 7 uzoraka, a obe u mešanim populacijama u dva lokaliteta (4 uzorka)
Novi domaćini gljiva iz roda colletotrichum u Srbiji
No full textOn the fruits of Cucurbita pepo L. var. ovifera and Primus domestica L. and leaves of Hedera helix L. the presence of Colletotrichum orbiculare, C. gloeosporioides and C. trichellum were registered. The mentioned plants are new hosts of the species from the genus Colletotrichum in Serbia, while C. trichellum is a new species for our micoflora.Na plodu ukrasne tikvice (Cucurbita pepo L. var. ovifera), plodu šljive (Prunus domesticu L.) i listovima bršljena (Hedera helix L.) registrovano je prisustvo Colletotrichum orbiculare, C.gloeosporioides i C.trichellum. Navedene biljke su novi domaćini vrsta iz roda Colletotrichum u Srbiji, dok je C Arichellum nova vrsta za našu mikofloru
Pouzdanost dokazivanja virusa u krtolama krompira
No full textTime of infection of potato tubers with PVY and PLRV (primary or secondary) and the part on tubers from which samples were taken for analisis have an influence on incontestable detection of viruses by DAS ELISA method. In the tubers of primary infected plants the presence of PVY and PLRV was detected in 35% and 75%, respectively. All tubers (100%) of the secondary infected plants indicated positive reaction on PVY and PLRV. The samples for detection of PVY and PLRV in tubers of primary infected plants have to be taken from rose end and heel end, respectively, when all tubers tested showed positive reaction.Poreklo virusne infekcije (primarna ili sekundarna) i mesto uzimanja uzoraka na krtoli utiču na dokazivanje prisustva Y virusa krompira (PVY) i virusa uvijenosti lišća krompira (PLRV) pri testiranju krtola. U krtolama primarno zaraženih biljaka dokazano je prisustvo PVY u 35%, a PLRV u 75% slučajeva. Prisustvo ovih virusa dokazano je u 100 % testiranih krtola sekundarno zaraženih biljaka. Najpogodnije mesto za uzimanje uzoraka na krtoli za dokazivanje PVY je okce, a za dokazivanje PLRV pupčani deo krtole, jer je u njima dokazano prisustvo virusa u 100 % testiranih krtola primarno zaraženih biljaka
Osnovne karakteristike prognoziranja i suzbijanja čađave krastavosti jabuke
No full textApple foliar and fruit scab is mostly spread and, concerning the harmful consequences, economically most important apple disease in our country. The causal agent is a phytopathogenous fungus having two developmental phases: saprophytic - teleomorphic (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter) and parasitic - anamorphic (Spilocaea pomi Fr.). It is the disease that occurs every year, but not at the same time and with the same severity. Cause is the effect of the different factors, among which the most significant are: pseudothecia maturing period and ascospore discharge (beginning and ending), severity and dynamics of ascospore discharge, the beginning of folliation and rate that apple leaf mass increases, distribution of rainfalls and dew, length of wetting period and air temperature. Based on the knowledge of biological and epidemiological characteristics of pathogen and monitoring the meteorological indicators, the conditions required for occurrence and spread of the disease can be registered and consequently the deadlines and modes of applications of control measure can be determined. The basic concept in forecasting and controlling infection should be based on making efforts to prevent primary infections in the course of a whole ascospore discharge period, specially pointing to blocking the earliest infections. If these efforts were made successfully, all problems that would be caused by occurrence and spread of secondary infections would be dealt with. From experience and according to the results obtained for many years of the Institute for plant protection and environment from Belgrade, with an aim to successful forecasting occurrence and spread as well as efficient control of this disease, it is necessary to observe the following procedures: Monitoring the saprophytic phase of the causal agent of a disease - Monitoring apple phenology - Monitoring meteorological conditions needed for realization of infections - Determination of method of apple orchard protection (choice, mode and time of fungicide application) - Final phase in forecasting and control of apple scab (evaluation of the exploited measures of protection) Each of above-mentioned procedures is elaborated in detail and its consistent and on-time application is the prerequsitive for making the overall system of for casting and control of apple foliar and fruit scab successful. Under our bioecological conditions (plantation Obrenovac-Ušće), during the last 15 years (1986-2000), hazard from primary infections lasted from 43-98 days (without correction analysis of emtiness of pseudothecia). In the mentioned period 7(1993) up to 27(1999) conditions required for primary infection were realized. On the basis of all previously said, it can be concluded that a continuous monitoring the conditions necessary for occurrence and spread of pathogen is of great importance, which appears to be a base for a successful forecasting and efficient control of this apple disease
Factors affecting conidial germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from Polystigma rubrum subsp. rubrum stromata
No full textFactors associated with conidial germination and germ tube length of Colletrichum gloeosporioides, a Polystigma rubrum subsp. rubrum stromata mycoparasite, have been studied in vitro. Maximal germination was obtained at 20°C and pH ranging from 6-7. An incubation period of 3-8 prior to germination, depending on temperature, was required. Germination and germ tube length decreased when conidia were exposed to sunlight or if the concentration of conidia in suspension increased. There was poor germination (2.5% after 24 h) at high relative humidity (near 100%). Stromata fragments added into conidial suspension increased germination and germ tube length. Conidia discharged from acervuli on parasited stromata kept germination viability for more than 4 months, while germination of those placed on glass slides was negligible after 4 weeks
Determination of Pefloxacin in Serum and Pharmaceutical Forms by Derivative Spectrophotometry
No full textA method for the direct determination of pefloxacin in serum and pharmaceutical forms (tablets and ampoules) has been developed, based on the use of second-order derivative ultraviolet spectra. Spectrophotometric assay of pefloxacin in tablets and ampoules was carried out in 0.1 mol/L NaOH, while in serum it was performed in 0.1 mol/L NaOH with the addition of sodium dodecylsulfate, in 337-347 nm wavelength range. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration ranges 2-30μg/mL pefloxacin for tablets and ampoules and 0.12-5μg/ mL for serum samples. Relative error of determination, as criterion for accuracy, was less than 1%, while the precision was better than 4ng/ml. The minimum detectable concentration of pefloxacin in serum was 15ng/mL
Description of European Chamaesphecia spp (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in north America
No full textThe description of the ten Chamaesphecia species associated with Euphorbia in eastern and south-eastern Europe is based on external adult morphology, male and female genitalia, and the structure of the egg chorion. These species can be divided into two groups according to the shape of the setae of the dorso-basal part of the valvae in the male genitalia. Most Chamaesphecia species are associated with one species of host-plant and all are closely tied to one habitat type. The host-plant and the structure of the egg chorion are fundamental characteristics for the determination of a few species, and very helpful for the others. All species bore into the main root of their host-plant and overwinter as larvae. With the exception of two species which have an annual or biennial life cycle, all species are univoltine. The larvae of three of the eight Chamaesphecia spp. investigated feed and develop in the roots of North American leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula sensu late. Of these, the best candidate for the biological control of leafy spurge is C. crassicornis, because the larvae have a similar survival rate on the target weed and the European host-plant, E. virgata
Description of European Chamaesphecia spp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) feeding on Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), and their potential for biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in North America
No full textThe description of the ten Chamaesphecia species associated with Euphorbia in eastern and south-eastern Europe is based on external adult morphology, male and female genitalia, and the structure of the egg chorion. These species can be divided into two groups according to the shape of the setae of the dorso-basal part of the valvae in the male genitalia. Most Chamaesphecia species are associated with one species of host-plant and all are closely tied to one habitat type. The host-plant and the structure of the egg chorion are fundamental characteristics for the determination of a few species, and very helpful for the others. All species bore into the main root of their host-plant and overwinter as larvae. With the exception of two species which have an annual or biennial life cycle, all species are univoltine. The larvae of three of the eight Chamaesphecia spp. investigated feed and develop in the roots of North American leafy spurge, Euphorbia esula sensu lato. Of these, the best candidate for the biological control of leafy spurge is C. crassicornis, because the larvae have a similar survival rate on the target weed and the European host-plant, E. virgata