PlantaRum - Repository of the Institute for Plant Protection and Environment
Not a member yet
602 research outputs found
Sort by
First Report of Thielaviopsis thielavioides, A Causal Agent of Postharvest Blackening on Daucus carota in Serbia.
No full textEriocaenus (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea), a new genus from Equisetum spp. (Equisetaceae): morphological and molecular delimitation of two morphologically similar species
No full textSurveys conducted on horsetails, Equisetum spp. (Equisetaceae), in Serbia led to the discovery of a new eriophyoid mite genus while searching for a classical biological control agent against these weeds in New Zealand. Eriocaenus gen. n. is described based on the type species Aceria equiseti Farkas, 1960 (transferred to Eriophyes by Farkas 1965; herein reassigned to the new genus) and Eriocaenus ramosissimi n. sp., a new species discovered on Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. in Serbia. Eriocaenus equiseti (Farkas, 1960), previously only known from Hungary, was found in Serbia for the first time on Equisetum arvense L. and Equisetum telmateia Ehrh., and is redescribed. Species descriptions include line drawings as well as phase contrast (PCLM), differential interference contrast (DIC) and scanning electron (SEM) micrographs. The differential diagnosis between the two Eriocaenus species is supplemented by molecular differentiation of 28S rDNA sequences including D2 fragments for both mites
Boron application in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production
No full textA field trial with four red clover cultivars was established on acid soil in order to evaluate the effect of foliar boron application on seed yield. The crop received foliar boron treatment during the second growth of the second year at two applications. Although seed yield showed a significant increase in boron-treated plants in 2011 compared with control (26.0%), its relative increase was far higher in 2010 (43.2%), which had increased total rainfall amounts during flowering. Sufficient level of boron supply to red clover plants for seed production has a remarkably positive effect under conditions hampering pollination and fertilisation
Reakcija sorte Romano na primarne i sekundarne zaraze nekrotičnim sojem Y virusa krompira (PVYNTN)
No full textPrimary and secondary infections with PVYNTN were investigated on forty plants of the potato cv. Romano inoculated in a greenhouse in Serbia in 2012 and 2013. PVY isolates were collected from the potato growing region of Čačak and identified by ELISA and RT-PCR methods. The sequence of the Serbian isolate 3D (Acc. No. KJ946936) showed 100% match with seven PVY isolates deposited in GenBank and described as NTN. A significant difference was detected between PVYNTN symptoms exibited on leaves of the cv. Romano under primary and secondary infections. The findings are significant because they are based on symptoms observed, so that it is clear that there are two distinct types of infection: primary and secondary. Symptoms of primary and secondary infection were the same on potato tubers and had the form of necrotic rings.Upoređivani su simptomi primarnih i sekundarnih zaraza na četrdeset biljaka sorte Romano inokulisanih izolatom PVYNTN u uslovima staklare, tokom 2012 i 2013 godine. Izolat PVY je kolekcionisan u lokalitetu Čačak, identifikovan je ELISA testom i okarakterisan RT-PCR metodom kao PVYNTN soj. Sekvenca CP gena odabranog izolata 3D (Acc. No. KJ946936) ispoljila je 100% nukleotidnu identičnost sa sedam sekvenci PVY izolata deponovanih u GenBank opisanih kao NTN soj. Ispoljeni simptomi na biljnoj masi primarno i sekundarno zaraženih biljaka opisanim sojem su značajno različiti. Na osnovu ovih razlika može se zaključivati da li su se biljke zarazile u tekućoj godini ili su sađene već zaražene krtole. Prstenasta nekroza je zajednički simptom na krtolama primarno i sekundarno zaraženih biljaka
Euscelis incisus (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae), a natural vector of 16SrIII-B phytoplasma causing multiple inflorescence disease of Cirsium arvense
No full textWe investigated multiple inflorescence disease of Cirsium arvense (CMI) and its association with phytoplasmas of the 16SrIII-B subgroup, potential natural vector(s) and reservoir plant(s). From five locations in northern Serbia, 27 plants of C. arvense, 1 C. vulgare and 3 Carduus acanthoides with symptoms of multiple inflorescences (MIs) were collected and tested for 16SrIII group phytoplasmas. All symptomatic plants were found to be infected. Tentative reservoir plants and insect vectors were collected at a Dobanovci site where the continuous presence of CMI disease was recorded. Among the 19 most abundant plant species submitted to phytoplasma testing, all symptomless, the presence of the 16SrIII group was detected only in two legumes: Lathyrus tuberosus (2/5) and L. aphaca (1/5). Among 19 insect species from six families of Auchenorrhyncha, the deltocephalid leafhopper Euscelis incisus was the only insect carrying a 16SrIII phytoplasma (10% of analysed individuals). Transmission trials were performed with naturally infected E. incisus adults of the summer generation and with a laboratory population reared on red clover. After an acquisition period of 48 h on C. arvense symptomatic for MIs and a latent period of 28 days, 83% of the E. incisus adults (300/360) were infected with CMI phytoplasma. In two transmission tests, the leafhoppers successfully transmitted the phytoplasma to exposed plants (C. arvense and periwinkle), proving its role as a natural vector. Test plants of C. arvense infected with the 16SrIII-B phytoplasma expressed typical symptoms similar to those observed in the field, such as MIs or the absence of flowering, shortened internodes and plant desiccation. Typical symptoms in infected periwinkles were virescence and phyllody. The molecular characterisation of the CMI phytoplasma isolates from diseased and asymptomatic field-collected plants, vectors, and test plants was performed by sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA, rpl22-rps3 and rpl15-secY genes. Phylogenetic analyses of other members of the 16SrIII group of phytoplasmas indicated closest relatedness with clover yellow edge phytoplasma (CYE) of the 16SrIII-B subgroup
Enhancement of seed germination in three grass species using chemical and temperature treatments
No full textSeeds of three forage plant species, cocksfoot, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass with good amount of dormancy were chemically treated (25%, 50%, 75% and 98% H2SO4) for different durations and exposed to different temperatures (40 degrees C, 50 degrees C, 60 degrees C, 70 degrees C, 80 degrees C and 90 degrees C) for varying periods with an aim to decrease seed dormancy and increase seed germination. Three groups of seeds based on after ripening period of 0, 3 and 8 months were subjected to these treatments. Immediately after harvest, germination of cocksfoot and tall fescue seeds increased by 24%, but only 13% in perennial ryegrass. Three months after harvest it was possible to increase germination by 20% (cocksfoot), 18% (tall fescue) and 6% (perennial ryegrass). Eight months after harvest it was still possible to increase seed germination of cocksfoot and tall fescue by 4-5% whereas, in ryegrass dormancy was completely lost after 8 months storag
Host-associated genetic divergence and taxonomy in the Rhinusa pilosa Gyllenhal species complex: an integrative approach
No full textA combined taxonomic, morphological, molecular and biological study revealed that stem-galling weevils from the genus Rhinusa associated with toadflaxes from the genus Linaria (Plantaginaceae) are composed of three different species: Rhinusa pilosa, Rhinusa brondelii and Rhinusa rarasp.n. The authentic field host plants are respectively, Linaria vulgaris, Linaria purpurea and Linaria genistifolia/ Linaria dalmatica. These weevil species can be distinguished from each other by a few subtle morphological characteristics, mainly in the shape of the rostrum and of the integument. An analysis of the mitochondrial [cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (COII) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S)] and nuclear (elongation factor-1, EF-1) sequence data revealed high genetic divergence among these species. Uncorrected pairwise distances on mtCOII gene were 14.3% between R. pilosa and R. brondelii, 15.7% between R. pilosa and R. rara, while R. brondelii and R. rara were approximately 11% divergent from each other. Divergences obtained on 16S and nuclear EF-1 genes were congruent. However, substantial intraspecific mitochondrial divergence was recorded for all studied populations of R. pilosa s.s. showing two mtDNA lineages, with estimated COII and 16S divergences of 4% and 1.6%, respectively. Nuclear pseudogenes (Numts) and Wolbachia influence, although recorded within both lineages, were excluded as possible causatives of the mtDNA divergence, while EF-1 indicated absence of lineage sorting. Species from the R. pilosa complex are estimated to have diverged from each other approximately 7.2 million years ago (mya; late Miocene), while R. brondelii and R. rara diverged from each other about 4.7 mya (early Pliocene). This published work has been registered in ZooBank,
Mitochondrial COI in phylogenetic relationships of Laimaphelenchus belgradiensis (nematoda: Aphelenchoididae)
No full textNematodes of the genus Laimaphelenchus are small and tiny organisms. Some parts of their body are measured in nanometers. The identification and classification of such organisms is a complex task. Previously, the major source of classification was morphology based on anatomical characters and measurements. Nowadays, this approach is supplemented by: "nano-morphology" based on scanning electron microscopy and molecular data and phylogeny, resulting in molecular systematics. Laimaphelenchus belgradiensis was recently described species. Since cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was successful in DNA based species diagnosis, it was chosen as a molecular marker to infer phylogeny of the newly discovered species. Phylogenetic relationships were based on Bayesian inference, the pairwise distances and the content of nitrogenous bases. The great genetic diversity was observed among close and distant species
First Report of Cercospora armoraciae, Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Spot, on Horseradish in Serbia
No full textBasal divergence of Eriophyoidea (Acariformes, Eupodina) inferred from combined partial COI and 28S gene sequences and CLSM genital anatomy
No full textEriophyoids are an ancient group of highly miniaturized, morphologically simplified and diverse phytoparasitic mites. Their possible numerous host-switch events have been accompanied by considerable homoplastic evolution. Although several morphological cladistic and molecular phylogenetic studies attempted to reconstruct phylogeny of Eriophyoidea, the major lineages of eriophyoids, as well as the evolutionary relationships between them, are still poorly understood. New phylogenetically informative data have been provided by the recent discovery of the early derivative pentasetacine genus Loboquintus, and observations on the eriophyoid reproductive anatomy. Herein, we use COI and D1-2 rRNA data of 73 eriophyoid species (including early derivative pentasetacines) from Europe, the Americas and South Africa to reconstruct part of the phylogeny of the superfamily, and infer on the basal divergence of eriophyoid taxa. In addition, a comparative CLSM study of the female internal genitalia was undertaken in order to find putative apomorphies, which can be used to improve the taxonomy of Eriophyoidea. The following molecular clades, marked by differences in genital anatomy and prodorsal shield setation, were found in our analyses: Loboquintus(Pentasetacus((Eriophyidae + Diptilomiopidae)(Phytoptidae-1, Phytoptidae-2))). The results of this study suggest that the superfamily Eriophyoidea comprises basal paraphyletic pentasetacines (Loboquintus and Pentasetacus), and two large monophyletic groups: Eriophyidae s.l. [containing paraphyletic Eriophyidae sensu Amrine et al. 2003 (=Eriophyidae s.str.) and Diptilomiopidae sensu Amrine et al. 2003] and Phytoptidae s.l. [containing monophyletic Phytoptidae sensu Boczek et al. 1989 (=Phytoptidae s.str.) and Nalepellidae sensu Boczek et al. 1989]. Putative morphological apomorphies (including genital and gnathosomal characters) supporting the clades revealed in molecular analyses are briefly discussed