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Plantes de services utilisées comme engrais verts : Fourniture en azote, phosphore et potassium
Get PDFPrevalence of Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella along broiler chicken production and distribution networks, Northern Vietnam
Get PDFCampylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are among the most common foodborne pathogens found in chickens at any production stage and cause gastroenteritis in humans. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. (C. coli and C. jejuni) and NTS in broiler production and distribution networks (PDNs) using a Bayesian approach. It also investigated the NTS serotypes circulating in these PDNs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four provinces in northern Vietnam between March 2021 and March 2022. A total of 102 sites, including live bird markets, slaughter facilities (slaughterhouses and slaughter points), and their supplying farms, were randomly selected for sampling. Cecal and environmental samples were cultured for isolation of Campylobacter and NTS, with serotypes of NTS determined by targeted analysis of whole genome sequences. Bayesian models were developed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter at two levels (bird-level and site-level) and NTS at site-level. The selected best-fitted models indicated that C. jejuni prevalence was primarily influenced by site type, while C. coli was affected by both province and site types. For NTS, only site type was included. The highest overall prevalence of infected broilers was estimated on farms for C. coli (26.2% [95% High Density Interval (HDI): 19.0-36.0%]) and C. jejuni (19.9% [95%HDI 13.0-27.0%]). Slaughter points (97.6% [95%HDI 63.3-99.9%]) and wholesale markets (91.7% [95%HDI 28.2-99.9%]) had the highest probability of C. coli and C. jejuni contamination, respectively, but retail markets had the highest proportion of infected broilers at contaminated sites. NTS contamination was more frequent in markets and slaughter facilities (42.8% [95%HDI 30.8-57.1%]) than on farms (18.6% [95%HDI 9.5-30.1%]). Among 16 detected NTS serotypes, S. Infantis and S. Kentucky were the most common. These findings highlight the widespread contamination of broiler PDNs with Campylobacter and NTS in northern Vietnam, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures in PDNs to mitigate the risk of foodborne transmission
Origin, divergence and migration routes of Psyllids of the Cacopsylla pruni complex (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) inferred by approximate bayesian computation methods
Get PDFAim: Population genetics is essential to decipher the evolutionary history of pests and insect vectors from both a theoretical point of view and to predict and mitigate the future of epidemics. We attempt to shed light on the evolutionary history and phylogeography of two cryptic psyllid species (namely, A and B) of the Cacopsylla pruni complex, vectors of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum'. The bacterium is known to cause the European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a disease affecting Prunus trees and causing significant crop losses. Analyses were conducted to decipher the origin, order and time of divergence, as well as the migration routes of the species complex on the scale of their current distribution area. Location: Western Palearctic. Time Period: Late Tertiary (i.e., the Neogene: 23.030–2.588 Mya) to today. Taxon: Psyllids, jumping plantlice. Methods: Our study was conducted on a dataset of 97 geolocated sampling points, representing a total of 1245 individuals from all across the Western Palearctic. We used mitochondrial and nuclear gene data to infer the population genetic diversity and structure of the complex and to reconstruct a dated phylogenetic tree of the Psyllinae family in order to subsequently perform Approximate Bayesian Computation analyses. Results: Both species have diverged in what is now France from a common ancestor, around 20.19 Mya, before expanding into Spain around 6.61 Mya for species A and Eastern Europe around 6.36 Mya for species B. Then species B seems to have moved to Corsica during the Messinian salinity crisis (5.96–5.33 Mya) from French or Italian B populations. Main Conclusions: No apparent admixture was found between both species after their divergence from France, which would indicate an absence of gene flow between them at the point when they recolonised common ecological niches. This strong genetic differentiation confirms previous work on reproductive barriers between the two species
Review and documentation of adulteration in camel milk
Get PDFCamel milk, valued for its rich nutritional composition and absence of β-lactoglobulin, is increasingly recognized for its health benefits and functional properties. However, the sector faces persistent challenges related to adulteration and authenticity assurance. This review compiles scientific and industry evidence demonstrating that camel milk is among the most fraud-prone foods globally, with intentional blending of 10–30 % cow or goat milk, dilution with water, and substitution of milk fat frequently reported. Such practices distort markets and may expose allergic consumers to bovine allergens. The paper summarizes detection methods, including immunological assays, DNA- based species identification, spectroscopic and chemometric techniques, and freezing-point analysis, and identifies knowledge gaps in establishing validated reference values specific to camel milk. The findings highlight the need for harmonized authenticity criteria and international standardization, which would support regulators, producers, and laboratories in safeguarding consumer trust and promoting fair trade in camel-milk products
Water quality on customary land: An intimate link between humans and their environment
No full textThis chapter examines the concept of “good water” within Kanak society, exploring the intricate relationships between humans and their environment to highlight an alternative water cycle that diverges from institutional perspectives. It integrates discussions with Emmanuel Tjibaou and customary authorities from the Cèmuhî and Xârâcùù regions. This chapter highlights the necessity of redefining water management strategies to include indigenous knowledge systems. The concept of “good water” in Kanak society provides a holistic understanding that encompasses the physical, social, and spiritual dimensions of water. Water is viewed as a continuous flow through the body, landscape, and society, sustaining life and maintaining harmony. Conversely, murky water signifies disruption and disharmony. By embracing this comprehensive view, water management in Kanaky/New Caledonia can be significantly improved, leading to more resilient and adaptive practices that benefit both the environment and the community
A new species of Heredius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest
Get PDFHeredius Marsh, 2002 is a small genus, with only three described species, recorded only in Costa Rica and Brazil. The aim of this paper was to describe a new species of Heridius from Brazilian Amazon Rainforest. The specimen was collected by Malaise trapping in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve (02°57'S, 59°55'W), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. A new species, Heredius gadelhai sp. nov. differs from the other three known species mainly having 1.5 mm long, is entirely yellow, ocellar-ocular distance of about 3.5 times the diameter of the lateral ocellus; malar space 0.3 times the height of the eye; first flagellomere 0.8 times the length of the second flagellomere; precoxal groove present and smooth, and ovipositor 0.2 times the length of the body. We illustrate and a key to all described species of Heredius were provided
FAIRTraits: An enriched, FAIR-compliant database of plant traits from Mediterranean populations of 240 species
Get PDFTrait-based ecology relies on high-quality, well-documented data to explore how plant traits relate to environmental conditions, community assembly, and ecosystem functioning. However, the reuse and synthesis of trait data across studies remain limited by several constraints: a lack of detailed metadata, heterogeneous protocols, absence of individual-level measurements, and underrepresentation of certain trait types—particularly below-ground traits. Many existing datasets also lack the environmental details necessary to investigate trait–environment relationships at local scales. Here, we present FAIRTraits, a comprehensive dataset that addresses these limitations by compiling 189,452 records of quantitative trait measurements collected between 1997 and 2023 from 1955 populations of 240 vascular plant species in the Northern Mediterranean Basin, a region known both for its exceptional biodiversity and as a climate change hotspot. All data were collected by a single research group using consistent and well-documented field and laboratory protocols, ensuring internal consistency across traits, species, sites, and years. FAIRTraits includes 180 traits measured at the individual or replicate level, with no aggregation. It features an unprecedented diversity of traits spanning all major plant organs—leaves, stems, roots, and reproductive parts. These include widely used traits such as specific leaf area and plant height, but also traits that are rarely reported, especially below-ground traits related to root morphology, as well as mechanical properties, phenology, and microbial associations. In addition to raw measurements, species are annotated with categorical descriptors (e.g., life form, photosynthetic pathway, and successional status), and species-level values taken from a Mediterranean flora, for key traits such as reproductive phenology and maximum height. To support analyses that account for environmental variability, each observation is linked to detailed descriptors of the plot where the individual was sampled, including climate data, soil physicochemical properties, and disturbance regime. Full metadata on sampling protocols and measurement methods are provided for every trait and environmental variable. FAIRTraits was built in compliance with the FAIR principles of data management (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). Metadata are described using the Ecological Metadata Language (EML); trait definitions are standardized using community-endorsed semantic resources. The data are archived across two interoperable repositories: GBIF (via Darwin Core and trait-specific extensions) for taxon–trait associations and InDoRES for environmental and contextual data. These efforts ensure long-term preservation, data traceability, and seamless integration with plant trait databases such as BROT or TRY, and cross-organism initiatives such as the Open Traits Network or the Encyclopedia of Life. FAIRTraits offers a robust, richly documented, and reusable resource for investigating plant functional strategies, trait–environment relationships, and scaling from individuals to communities and ecosystems. It also provides a concrete example of how trait datasets can meet the highest standards of data quality and interoperability—serving as a model for future community-led initiatives in functional ecology. The FAIRTraits database is released under the CC-BY Attribution 4.0 International license
Biomass and carbon of Eucalyptus spp. genotypes estimated with UAV-LIDAR using area-based approach and machine learning
Get PDFThis study aimed to quantify aboveground biomass and aboveground carbon in the total, trunk, and canopy compartments of Eucalyptus spp. using UAV-LiDAR data, using modeling techniques. The study area is part of the EUCFLUX project located in São Paulo, Brazil, and consists of five experimental blocks with 25 Eucalyptus spp. genotypes. Forest inventory and destructive sampling to assess biomass took place in May 2023. UAV-LiDAR data were collected with a Zenmuse L1 sensor on a DJI Matrice 300 aircraft, and predictive models were developed based on the metrics selected through principal component analysis. RF obtained an adjusted R2 of 0.952 and 0.959 for total and trunk aboveground biomass, respectively, and an RMSE of 5.42% for total aboveground biomass and 4.59% for trunk biomass. The adjusted R2 values for total aboveground carbon and trunk carbon were 0.947 and 0.959, with RMSE of 5.38% and 4.54%, respectively. The XGB algorithm outperformed the other methods in the canopy compartment, with adjusted R2 of 0.765 and 0.707 and RMSE of 13.49% and 15.06%, respectively. This study highlights the potential of UAV-LiDAR and nonparametric algorithms for accurately estimating carbon stock in Eucalyptus spp., contributing to climate change mitigation strategies