Innovation and Development in Agriculture and Food

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    Rapport de mission vanillier aux Seychelles - Projet Germination 3 - du 13 au 18 Juillet 2025

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    Context : The mission was carried out as part of the Germination 3 project " Preservation of agrobiodiversity in the Indian Ocean”. The GERMINATION 3 project, co-financed by the European Union, Région Réunion and Cirad, as part of the INTERREG VI Indian Ocean Program managed by Région Réunion, stands as a key initiative to protect and enhance agricultural plant genetic resources (APGR) in the southwestern Indian Ocean. In a context of climate change and increasing dependence on imports, it is crucial to secure these resources to ensure the resilience of regional agricultural systems. Among the project partners, we collaborate in the Seychelles with the MACCE (Ministry of Agriculture, Climate Change and Environment) to collect and secure the diversity of plants of interest to the Seychelles, such as sweet potatoes, cassava, yams and vanilla. It is then necessary to characterize this diversity (morphologically and/or genetically) for this valorisation and use by farmers and researchers. Main objective : The main objective of the mission was to assist vanilla producers in the Seychelles (Union Estate, La Digue and Mahe farmers): - By participating in the characterization and safeguard of the diversity of cultivated vanilla plants to maintain resilient agricultural systems - By promoting environmentally friendly agricultural practices adapted to local conditions and to global climate changes

    Émissions carbone - L'arbre cache la forêt

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    Planter des arbres pour absorber davantage de dioxyde de carbone : une promesse séduisante mais trompeuse. Face à l'urgence climatique, le mirage de la compensation détourne de l'essentiel

    Évolution des démarches d'accompagnement des transitions agroécologiques en Tunisie

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    L'agroécologie a progressivement émergé comme une alternative aux limites de la Révolution verte, en apportant des réponses aux enjeux de durabilité dans un contexte marqué par l'intensification des aléas climatiques. En Tunisie, les petites exploitations pluviales sont confrontées à la dégradation des ressources naturelles, aux effets du changement climatique et à des instabilités socioéconomiques. Depuis vingt ans, plusieurs stratégies ont été mises en oeuvre pour promouvoir des pratiques agroécologiques en faveur de la résilience. Cet article analyse l'évolution des démarches d'accompagnement déployées dans ce cadre. L'analyse qualitative de 54 initiatives menées entre 1997 et 2023 met en évidence quatre grandes phases, marquées par un passage progressif d'approches descendantes à des dispositifs multi-acteurs et participatifs. Les résultats soulignent une prise en compte croissante des dimensions socioéconomiques aux côtés des principes écologiques. L'étude met en lumière le rôle clé de la gouvernance participative, du renforcement des capacités et de l'ancrage territorial, tout en pointant les limites structurelles et institutionnelles à la pérennisation de ces initiatives

    Small net local temporal changes in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic biodiversity across European temperate forests

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    We face increasing concerns about how the local diversity of native plant communities responds to various drivers of global change, yet often lack comprehensive studies that integrate several components of diversity and the effects of both local and regional drivers of change. We analyzed changes in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity across 2681 (semi-)permanent temperate forest understory plots surveyed and resurveyed for all vascular plants over intervals of 15–78 yr, spanning 72 regions distributed across Europe. We quantified temporal changes in these diversity indices and assessed their responses to changes in both local drivers (plot-level overstory cover, indicator values for soil nutrients) and regional shifts in macroclimate and nitrogen deposition. Overall, local changes in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity were centered around zero, reflecting – on average – little net change in forest diversity. Observed diversity changes mostly reflected local conditions such as overstory cover change and baseline soil nutrients rather than regional drivers of large-scale change. Changes in phylogenetic diversity correlated positively with changes in taxonomic diversity but negatively with changes in functional diversity. Our findings underscore the importance of local habitat management and multifaceted diversity monitoring for effective biodiversity conservation in temperate forests

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