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Rapport de mission au Mali et au Bénin pour le projet CFC/ICAC/33. Activité C.1.2.6 Appui au RTC Ouest. Activité D.2.2 Etude de variabilité intra-balle en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre, du 25/09 au 8/10/2011
No full textIBI-Phase 2: Strengthening microcutting implementation at IBRIEC Bogor : Mission report in Indonesia from 12 to 26 august 2009
No full textLe projet avance dans le bon sens, avec une "équipe Nurhaimi-Sumaryono" qui gagne en cohésion et en expertise d'année en année, sur le microbouturage de l'hévéa. L'investissement de PTP-NIII est une formidable stimulation globale de ce projet. Dr Nurhaimi joue efficacement son rôle d'encadrement général du laboratoire, de relation avec les institutions et équipes partenaires (IBRIEC/Ciomas, IRRI/Sungei Putih, PTP-NIII/Pamela, CIRAD) ainsi que la communication scientifique sur le projet avec de nombreuses lectures et posters présentées, ces dernières années, au niveau national, et international (IRRDB/ Bogor 2008; Batam et Malaisie 2009). Elle est très chargée par une grande diversité d'activités et ne semble pas pouvoir donner plus au projet lui-même en ce qui concerne l'activité laboratoire. L'équipe de Dr Nurhaimi semble aussi être au maximum de sa capacité en assurant les productions à petite échelle et le transfert vers Pamela. Pourtant l'amélioration des rendements du procédé parait indispensable dans une perspective de production à grande échelle ; et cette amélioration ne peut être obtenue de façon significative sans une recherche adaptative. Le développement d'une recherche adaptative du procédé dans ce laboratoire de Taman Kencana semble plus que jamais conditionné à la formation et l'accueil d'un jeune chercheur supplémentaire spécifiquement affecté à cet objectif. C'était bien l'objectif du Master envisagé dans le projet IBI-phase2. C'est aujourd'hui le principal facteur limitant du projet. Néanmoins, "à la force du poignet", et avec un appui Cirad encore nécessaire pour l'organisation de l'activité au sein du laboratoire et de la serre, cette équipe produit régulièrement des microboutures, qui commencent à exprimer une belle croissance ex vitro grâce à l'activité de Dr Sumaryono à Ciomas. Si le transfert fonctionne, le laboratoire de Pamela pourra démultiplier cette capacité de production. Dans les années qui viennent, ces productions seront utiles pour mettre en route diverses expérimentations pour une meilleure connaissance du rôle des porte-greffes et de l'interaction porte-greffe/greffon
RAS-3: The conversion of degraded imperata grassland to productive rubber agroforest in West Kalimantan
No full textImperata grassland already covers large areas of West Kalimantan with little production function. Trials of rehabilitation of Imperata land for planting para rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) indicate that this is possible with limited resource (labour including) input. These rubber agroforests can not only increase farmer income, but also provide better environmental services than from Imperata covered land. The RAS-3 on-farm trial in West Kalimantan, was a part of the large network of rubber agroforestry systems in Indonesia. Annual crops (rice, chilli, vegetables) are grown in the first year only, with non-vine cover crops grown immediately after the rice harvest (Mucuna, Flemingia, Crotalaria, Setaria and Chromolaena) or multipurpose trees (such as Gliricidia), or fast growing trees (FGT) produced for pulpwood (Paraserianthes falcataria, Acacia mangium and Gmelina arborea). Shading from these trees suppresses Imperata growth. Potential of cover crops to suppress Imperata growth varied between species. Pueraria, a creeping legume was the most effective suppressor of Imperata; Mucuna also performed well but both required regular 'weeding' to avoid their vines strangling young rubber trees. Among the erect legumes Flemingia proved better, but Crotalaria proved ineffective. Rubber trees in control plots (without cover crops) had the slowest growth. The FGT trials in Trimulya village showed that all FGTs were only partly successful in controlling Imperata regrowth. Rubber growth in FGT mixed plots was better than in Imperata or Chromolaena infested plots, this was far behind the rubber growth in plots with legume crops. The time for rubber trees to reach tapping size was prolonged by more than a year compared to those in LCC (Pueraria and Mucuna) plots. The FGTs, particularly Acacia, grew rapidly and affected rubber trees in the first years; hence farmers cut down all remaining FGTs in the third year. Pueraria and Mucuna are effective in controlling Imperata, however these require periodic 'weeding' to prevent strangling of rubber plants. Seeds of Pueraria and Flemingia are unavailable locally and Mucuna requires repeated planting. FGTs are a potential income source in future and they can suppress Imperata. To avoid the impact of their aggressiveness (particularly of Acacia), they may be planted 2-3 years after planting rubber; Pueraria and Mucuna can be incorporated in these first few years
Transfert du marquage moléculaire au Bénin. Etude de faisabilité pour Palmelit : Rapport de mission 10 et 11 décembre 2009
No full textObjectifs généraux et contexte scientifique Le marquage moléculaire devient un outil indispensable au bon déroulement des recherches en génétique. Dans le cas du Palmier à huile, le génotypage est nécessaire aux activités de sélection assistée par marqueur (SAM) et à la vérification des identités dans le cadre d'une démarche qualité en création variétale. Le but de ce projet est le développement d'une plate-forme de biologie moléculaire au Bénin capable de réaliser ces travaux. Un appui sera apporté à l'INRAB pour définir avec eux les besoins matériels et l'environnement scientifique et technique nécessaire à la mise en oeuvre des méthodes de génotypage
The effect of pre-harvest pruning of cassava upon root deterioration and quality characteristics
No full textOne of the major constraints of cassava as a crop is its perishability. Physiological deterioration, parenchymal blue-black vascular streaking, often starts within 24 h after harvest. This paper presents the results of a detailed study of the effects of pre-harvest pruning upon post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) and some other quality characteristics. Six cultivars, grown at CIAT (Centro International de Agricultura Tropical), with varying intrinsic susceptibility to PPD), were assessed at pruning-harvest intervals of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 28 and 39 days. After harvesting, the roots were analysed. For the unpruned plants a low susceptibility was found to coincide with a low dry matter content and a high sugar content. After pruning, the susceptibility for all cultivars was drastically reduced, reaching a minimum of around 25% of the original value for a pruning-harvest interval of up to 25 days. Beyond this interval the plants slowly develop new leaf canopy, normal assimilation sets in again and the starch content increases. Analysis of the cassava roots revealed a relationship between the combined sugar and starch contents and the interval duration, and that sugar and starch contents were inversely related to each other. The sugar content increased with the interval period, probably as a result of starch hydrolysis. Other properties such as the contents of dry matter, cyanogen, scopoletin, amylose and reducing sugars and the starch pasting properties were not affected by pruning to a comparable, interval-dependent, extent. It is concluded that the sugar content, ie the sugaristarch ratio, of cassava roots is positively related to their resistance to post-harvest physiological deterioration
Referências e considerações para o estudo e a atuação dos programas de desenvolvimento Territorial (PRONAT e PTC) na perspectiva da redução da pobreza em territórios rurais. Produto final : Aperfeiçoamento das políticas públicas de enfrentamento da pobreza rural na perspectiva do desenvolvimento territorial - 2011/2012
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Molecular diagnosis of the Coconut Lethal Yellowing Disease in Mozambique : Consultancy report, mission 4 under the contract N° 01/MU/11
No full textThe purpose of this fourth appraisal mission on the molecular diagnosis of Lethal Yellowing for the MCA-FISP project was to analyse the results obtained by the Quelimane laboratory since the beginning of the year. The laboratory is perfectly operational. The CLYD molecular diagnosis results obtained by the laboratory appear to be perfectly satisfactory with a very low sample contamination rate. The number of positive samples is low, but that is coherent with the mission of the laboratory. The quantitative objectives remain lower than initially defined due to a shortage of staff. The laboratory could devote a larger share of its activities to establishing a collection of samples representative of CLYD in Mozambique