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Odd-Even Effects Leading to Alternating Polymerization and Macrocyclization in Nitroaldol Reaction Systems
No full textAlternating macrocyclization and polymerization was observed in dynamic nitroaldol reaction systems. The reaction of an aromatic dialdehyde reacting with linear alpha,omega-dinitroalkanes with even numbers of carbon atoms favored the formation of lowellane macrocycles, while the reactions involving dinitrocompounds consisted of odd numbers of carbon atoms promoted polymerization. The folding patterns of the alkyl chains played an important factor in determining the outcome of the reactions
Sponsored Content, Influencers & Gen Z, How Are They Connected? : A study on how the Interrelationship Between Sponsored Content and Influencers is Affected by Gen Z’s Relationship with Influencers.
No full textBackground: Influencer marketing is a strategy which involves influencers posting sponsored content for a brand or company. Influencers are hired as they have strong communication networks, allowing them to effectively influence consumers purchase decisions. Generation Z is the primary audience for influencer marketing as they have grown up in a digital era and have a very high engagement with social media. Marketers and brands reach out to influencers and offer to pay them for content in which they endorse a product or service, this is what is referred to as sponsored content. Through sponsored content rather than traditional marketing, brands can in a more cost-effective way reach their target audience. Influencer marketing allows for relationships to be formed between influencers and consumers, which aligns with relationship marketing that focuses on forming and maintaining relationships with customers rather than prioritizing one time sales. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how Gen Z’s relationship with an influencer affects their perception of their sponsored content, and to understand the interrelationship between these variables. Method: Given the exploratory nature of this study, a qualitative approach was considered most suitable. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, focusing on collecting descriptive data rather than numerical. The collected empirical data was analysed through systematic coding inspired by the principles of grounded theory. Findings: Gen Z’s perception of sponsored content is not fixed, but dependent on their relationship with the influencer and the factors credibility, transparency, attractiveness, personal connection and expertise which affect the relationship. However, the interrelationship between the sponsored content and the influencer was also shown to be of importance, as a negative perception of the sponsored content could also harm the relationship to the influencer. It was also shown that the factors of most relevance to the participants were credibility, transparency and expertise
Artificiell intelligens inom redovisningen
No full textInledning: Digitalisering innebär att använda IT för att effektivisera arbete, medan digital transformation är en djupare förändring av organisationer. Inom redovisning minskar manuellt arbete tack vare AI och automatisering, vilket ökar kraven. Redovisningsrollen ändras, eftersom tekniken hanterar rutiner. Trots dessa möjligheter finns det betydande utmaningar och risker med AI och samarbetet mellan människa och teknik blir allt viktigare. Risker med AI finns, och det är viktigt att förstå dem. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka användningen av AI inom redovisningen samt öka förståelsen kring de risker som kan vara lämpliga att känna till i samband med AI i redovisningsarbetet. Metod: Vi har använt både deduktiv och induktiv ansats för att fördjupa vår förståelse av ämnet. För att uppnå studiens syfte har vi valt en kvalitativ fallstudie, där medarbetare med tillräcklig erfarenhet av redovisning intervjuats. I texten motiveras även val av källor samt en kritisk granskning av dessa. Slutsats: Vi har kommit fram till att AI används allt mer inom redovisningen, särskilt i mer globala och internationella företag för att automatisera bokföring och datahantering. Studien visar att riskmedvetenhet behövs i branschen, särskilt kopplat till säkerhet, etik och kunskap. Säkerheten prioriteras, en viktig aspekt som påverkar implementering och användning av AI, ett verktyg som inte bör ses som en ersättare och ett hot mot redovisningsyrket. Snarare som ett hjälpmedel där kunskapen om AI behöver kompletteras med redovisningsyrkets expertis. Instruction: Digitalization means using IT to streamline work, while digital transformation is a deeper change in organizations. In accounting, manual work is decreasing thanks to AI and automation, which increases the demands on IT skills. The accounting role is becoming more advisory, as technology handles routines. Despite these opportunities, there are significant challenges and risks with AI. For example, AI cannot solve all problems, especially complex cases, so collaboration between humans and technology is crucial. Risks with AI exist, and it is important to understand them. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of AI in accounting and increase understanding of the security, ethical and knowledge risks that may be appropriate to be aware of in connection with AI in accounting work. Methodology: We have used both abductive and inductive approaches to deepen our understanding of the subject. To achieve the purpose of the study, we have chosen a qualitative method, where financial accountants were interviewed. The text also justifies the choice of sources and a critical review of these. Conclusion: We have found that AI is increasingly being used in accounting, especially in larger companies to automate bookkeeping and data management. The study shows both opportunities and challenges – with security, ethics and lack of knowledge as the main risks. Security risks include increased vulnerability to cyberattacks, while ethical issues are about human responsibility and judgment. Lack of sufficient knowledge about AI affects its use. Despite this, AI is perceived by employees as an aid rather than a replacement, and the need for further training and clear responsibilities is strongly emphasized
University spin-offs following acquisitions : the expanding resource-capability chasm
No full textPurpose University spin-offs (USOs) play a crucial role in commercializing research findings. However, their commercialization journey often does not involve going it alone; instead, USOs commercialize through acquisitions. This paper explores the impact of acquisitions on USOs. It examines how these transactions influence their resources and capabilities, resulting from stakeholders' attitudinal expectations toward USOs. Design/methodology/approach The paper theorizes that acquisition creates a resource-capability chasm in USOs, driven by the expectations of ecosystem stakeholders. To illustrate this concept, it presents three interview-based case studies on international acquisitions of USOs specializing in artificial intelligence solutions. The pre- and post-acquisition resources and capabilities of the USOs are analyzed and compared across the cases. Findings The paper demonstrates how the resource-capability chasm spans multiple categories - managerial, invention, ecosystem and financial - highlighting the interdependencies between USOs and their ecosystems, both academic and business, in addressing and bridging these gaps. Originality/value The literature on the acquisitions of USOs is surprisingly limited. This paper offers a unique perspective on the acquisition of USOs by examining how these firms' resources and capabilities are impacted by the acquisition and how the surrounding ecosystem responds. It contributes to existing research by introducing and theorizing the concept of a resource-capability chasm in USOs, thereby deepening the understanding of the acquisition process and providing insights into strategies for effectively managing such acquisitions
Perfect imperfections : – an intersectional fat studies analysis of fat girl protagonists in young adult romance
No full textLooking at children’s literature and the romance genre, fat characters have often been portrayed as laughable, pityful or evil side characters. The purpose of this study is therefore to analyze and compare how the girls’ bodies are portrayed in four young adult (YA) romances: Sweetie from There’s Something About Sweetie, Skye from I’ll Be the One, Nala from Love is a Revolution and Celine from Highly Suspicious and Unfairly Cute. The girls’ intersectional positions are analyzed using the power categories body size, gender and age. The analysis is primarily rooted in fat studies, but gender studies and theories on age are also used. Another aspect of the study is the use of three of Pamela Regis’ elements of romance to see if the girls’ bodies are a part of the conflict. Previous research on these intersectional positions with an added focus on romance is limited. Studies on fat bodies in children’s literature, and specifically fat girls in YA literature, have been conducted. The analysis shows that none of the girls’ bodies is portrayed as a problem. Sweetie’s and Skye’s power is however heavily limited by the fat phobia they meet. Nala and Celine also have limited power, though that is more related to their gender and age. All the girls also have moments where they are empowered. Regis’ elements shows that Sweetie’s romantic conflict is the only one that revolves around the body. The increased societal focus on a skinny body ideal means that it is important to critically analyze the portrayals of fat bodies in literature. YA romance is one important part of this endeavor
Relatives of people with substance abuse : Relatives' experiences of co-dependency and support/treatment
No full textThe purpose of this study is to increase understanding, through interviews, of how adult relatives of individuals with substance use disorder perceive the concept of codependency and their experience of caregiving. Furthermore, this study aims to shed light on how they experience their access to information and possibly support/treatment they received. The study utilizes qualitative data collected through interviews with ten family members, analyzed via thematic analysis. The findings reveal that many caregivers experience negative psychological and emotional consequences, including poor mental health, financial strain, feelings of shame, and fear of stigmatization. Although support and treatment are generally perceived as beneficial, many participants reported difficulties in accessing such resources due to a lack of awareness, unless individuals actively sought help or were informed by friends, family, or psychologist. The concept of codependency is also found to be understood in various ways, with participants distinguishing between being codependent and being a relative. The study concludes that family members of individuals with substance use disorders should be recognized as a vulnerable group in need of targeted support and treatment. Addressing their needs can mitigate the negative emotional consequences they face, such as shame and fear of stigmatization, and promote their well-being.Syftet med studien är att via intervjuer öka förståelsen för hur vuxna anhöriga till personer med substansmissbruk ser på medberoende och deras erfarenheter av anhörigskap. Vidare är syftet att få kunskap om hur de upplever den information och eventuellt stöd/behandling de fått. Studiens empiri består utav intervjuer med tio anhöriga och en tematisk analys användes för att bearbeta empirin. Resultatet visade att flertalet anhöriga upplevde negativa effekter utav anhörigomsorgen, såsom dåligt psykiskt mående, ekonomisk påfrestan, känsla av skam och rädslan för stigmatisering. Behandling och stöd visade sig ge positiva effekter i de flesta fall, dock var det svårt att veta att det fanns stöd eller behandling man inte sökte själv eller fick tips utav vänner, familj eller psykolog. Resultatet visade även att begreppet medberoende kunde definieras på olika sätt men att det fanns en skillnad på att vara medberoende och att vara anhörig. Slutsatsen är att anhöriga till personer med substansmissbruk måste synliggöras, och tillfrågas om även de behöver stöd och/eller behandling. Detta baseras på att även anhöriga lider utav konsekvenser som de måste få hjälp att hantera, vilket i sin tur kan minska känslan av skam och rädslan att bli stigmatiserad.
Unsettled Swedishness : A qualitative content analysis on the use of nationalism within the right-wing populist party Sweden Democrats
No full textThe Sweden Democrats present themselves as a nationalist party, emphasizing national culture and Swedishness as core components of their ideological identity, while advocating specific and exclusionary criteria for membership in the national community. However, despite the centrality of Swedish national culture in the Sweden Democrats' worldview, their articulation of the essence of Swedishness remains vague and underdeveloped, demanding an explanation of what Swedishness is utilized for. Both classic and contemporary literature on nationalism, along with literature on the right-wing populist worldview, have been reviewed to provide an overview of the field and to identify potential gaps in the existing research. Swedishness is explored through frameworks drawn from cultural sociology, using three overarching theoretical perspectives: Mary Douglas’s Purity and Danger, Swidler’s notion of 'unsettled times', and commensuration. A qualitative content analysis is conducted on the Sweden Democrats’ official newspaper, SD-Kuriren, covering 1988 to 2010. The results suggest that Swedishness is portrayed as under threat and on the verge of collapse, allowing it to serve as a strategic tool for constructing distance, relationships, and boundaries between cultural groups, legitimizing certain values, principles, and moral frameworks.
To be seen in the shadow of change : A qualitative study on communication and professional identity during leadership transitions in elder care facilities
No full textThis study explores how assistant nurses experience a leadership change within a municipal nursing home. The aim is to investigate what factors influence their perception of the change, and how the new leadership affects their professional identity and work motivation. The study is based on two main research questions: What factors affect assistant nurses' experience of a leadership change, and how does the change influence their professional identity and work motivation? The empirical material consists of eleven semi-structured interviews with assistant nurses working at a municipal nursing home that recently underwent an organizational change involving the merger of two units and the appointment of a new manager. Thematic analysis has been used to identify recurring patterns and themes in the material. The analysis follows a deductive approach and is based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts of habitus, field and capital, along with a sociological understanding of communication in organizational contexts. The results show that communication plays a central role in how changes are perceived. When information is lacking or unclear, feelings of frustration, uncertainty, and exclusion arise. In contrast, leadership characterized by openness and accessibility creates a sense of trust and participation. Some assistant nurses describe feeling more empowered and visible in their professional roles, while others express uncertainty and hesitation about what is expected in the new order. The study highlights how leadership transitions not only affect practical aspects of the workplace but also impact social relations, confidence, and motivation. The findings emphasize the importance of communicative leadership, especially in care environments where interpersonal relationships are central to daily work
“I don't need to go to social services and I wouldn't have dared to go there” - a therapist : A study on non-take-up of social support and the importance of non-means-tested interventions
No full textThis study examines social workers and therapists' experiences of the new non-means-tested interventions in pilot municipalities for the social services of the future. Through qualitative interviews with social workers, the design and practical application of the interventions are analysed how the citizens' opportunities to seek and receive support. Theoretical frameworks such as stigma, intersectionality, and concepts of social rights are used to understand how factors such as age, ethnicity, class positions, and stigma affect access to support. The results show that non-means-tested interventions can make it easier for more people to reach the social services, reduce bureaucratic obstacles and potentially reduce stigma, especially for groups such as younger to middle age and people with higher class position. At the same time, challenges remain linked to reaching certain groups, such as migrants. The risk of also missing the overall view and get stuck in the social services system is highlighted. The study provides insights into how the design of the interventions affects access to social rights and highlights the need for continued research on the implementation and design of non-means-tested support interventions
Elevers specialintressen som pedagogisk möjlighet och problematik i bildundervisningen
No full text The purpose of this study was to investigate how students interests manifest themselves in art lessons and what strategies teachers use to address these interests. The area was examined based on the following questions: What opportunities and problems do teachers experience regarding students special interests in art education? What strategies do art teachers use to meet students interests in the art classroom? To answer this question, three art teachers, two high school teachers and one elementary school teacher were interviewed. Their interview responses were analyzed using a qualitative sociocultural approach. Students interests were categorized into style, medium, and subject-specific interests. Teachers found it quite easy to include students subject-specific interests in art education, but it was more difficult with students who had a strong interest in a particular medium. The media-specific students interests were largely based on their self-confidence and fear of failure when faced with new tasks they were not used to. Another aspect highlighted was a difference between students and teachers goals for art lessons. Students wanted to produce good end results while teachers wanted to challenge students and get them to try new things