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”Relationen är viktigare än metoden” : En kvalitativ studie om hur sociala relationer påverkar spelbeteende och hjälpsökande hos spelberoende personer
No full textAccording to the Public Health Agency of Sweden, just over four percent of the Swedish population aged 16-84 have some form of gambling problem. Problem gambling can be seen as a public health problem with negative consequences for individuals health and finances. In this work a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews has been done with treatment staff who work with gambling addicts. The aim is to investigate how social relations can affect the ability of gambling addicts to seek help for their gambling addiction and to start and complete a rehabilitation plan. Through interviews and observations in gambling addiction support organizations the study shows how relations that grow in these sessions can help recover from the addiction. The theories selected for use in this study are Pierrre Bourdieu’s theory och Social Capital and Travis Hirschi´s theory of Social Control. The conclusion of this study is that social relations can have a major impact on both the ability to seek help and to complete a treatment program. The results indicate that social relations can be crucial in this regard. As this study is limited in scope, a natural next step would be to conduct a larger study to test the validity of these conclusions.
Coherence and engagement : A qualitative study investigating employees' experiences of the psychosocial work environment and its relationship to work engagement based on the work-SoC model
No full textSyftet med denna studie var att få en djupare förståelse för medarbetares upplevelse av deras psykosociala arbetsmiljö utifrån den arbetsrelaterade KASAM-modellen (work-SoC) samt hur denna eventuellt relaterar till deras upplevda arbetsengagemang. Detta är en kvalitativ studie utförd genom en deduktiv tematisk analys som grundar sig på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex heltidsanställda informanter i Sverige. Analysarbetet resulterade i tre övergripande teman; Begriplighet inger känslor av trygghet och goda arbetsförutsättningar, Hanterbarhet framkallar känslor av trivsel och välmående och Meningsfullhet upplevs främja arbetsengagemang. Studiens slutsats är att de tre dimensionerna av den arbetsrelaterade KASAM-modellen förefaller interagera med varandra och att KASAM-dimensionen meningsfullhet, tillsammans med ett eget inflytande över arbetet och nya lärotillfällen, tycks vara av särskild vikt avseende medarbetarnas upplevelser av ett höjt arbetsengagemang.This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of employees' experience of their psychosocial work environment based on the work-related SoC model (work-SoC) and how this might relate to their perceived work engagement. This is qualitative research conducted through a deductive thematic analysis based on six semi-structured interviews with six full-time informants in Sweden. The analysis resulted in three main themes; Comprehensibility inspires feelings of security and good working conditions, Manageability evokes feelings of comfort and well-being, and Meaningfulness is perceived as promoting work engagement. The study concludes that the three dimensions of the work-SoC model appear to interact with each other and that the work-SoC dimension of meaningfulness, together with personal influence over work and new learning opportunities, seem to be of particular importance regarding employees' experiences of increased work engagement
Accelerating small and medium sized tourism enterprises' engagement with climate change
No full textSmall and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) within the tourism sector play crucial yet often underestimated roles in climate change mitigation, contributing to approximately half of the sector's greenhouse gas emissions. Although the existing literature has examined barriers to climate change action and potential drivers for the involvement of small firms, these aspects have not been comprehensively explored within the context of tourism. The article addresses this gap by conducting a narrative review that analyzes 78 papers and reports published on the topic. The results substantiate a differentiation among barriers, pressures, and incentives. Barriers encompass aspects related to knowledge and personality, understanding and perceptions, management, data, finances, technology, legislation, and community. Pressures originate from costs, customer expectations, and compliance. Incentives manifest in economic considerations, subsidies, marketing strategies, staff benefits, and community advantages. The findings are synthesized into a series of conceptualizations, offering pathways for progress on mitigation. Findings emphasize the significance of legislation and efforts of destination management organizations for accelerating SME engagement with climate change
Language barriers in the prehospital care encounter : An interview study
No full textBakgrund: I ett mångkulturellt samhälle är språkbarriärer i vårdmötet vardag förambulanssjuksköterskor vilket ställer krav för att kommunicera och skapa ettvårdande möte. Tidigare forskning visar att språkbarriärer kan vara ett hinder för enjämlik vård och vidare kunskap krävs för att förstå vilka strategier som används ochhur arbetet kan förbättras. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva ambulanssjuksköterskans strategier och upplevelsen avdem vid språkbarriärer i vårdmötet. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes. Ambulanssjuksköterskor medminst två års klinisk erfarenhet av prehospital akutsjukvård inkluderades ochrekryterades genom bekvämlighetsurval. Tolv deltagare intervjuades och materialetanalyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultaten presenterades som ett huvudtema; ”Med kroppen som språk,en rörelse mellan samhörighet och exkludering” där det framkom attambulanssjuksköterskor försöker söka samhörighet och använda kroppen somspråkrör. Olika översättningsmöjligheter används för att underlättakommunikationen, men en minskning av patientens delaktighet används även somen strategi vid hantering av språkbarriärer. Slutsats: Ambulanssjuksköterskorna använder en rad strategier för att skapa ettvårdande möte, men de praktiska situationerna försvårar och de mest tillgängligastrategierna används även om delaktigheten minskar. Vidare forskning krävs för attstötta ambulanssjuksköterskor i att kunna kommunicera effektivt och främja envårdande och jämlik vård.Background: In a multicultural society, language barriers in the care meeting arecommon which puts high demands on ambulance nurses to communicate and createa caring encounter. Aim: The aim was to describe the strategies ambulance nurses use and theexperience of these in the care meeting. Method: A qualitative interview study was conducted. Ambulance nurses with aminimum of two years clinical experience of prehospital emergency care wereincluded and recruited by convenience sampling. Twelve participants wereinterviewed, and the material was analysed using qualitative content analysis. Result: The result was presented as a main theme; ”The body as language, amovement between connection and exclusion”. It was found that ambulance nursestry to find connection and use their bodies as a communicator. Various translationmethods are used, but reduced patient participation also serves as a strategy inmanaging language barriers. Conclusion: The ambulance nurses use an array of strategies to create a caringencounter, however, the situation and its aggravating circumstances make the mostaccessible methods the most common, even if patient participation decreases.Further research is needed to support ambulance nurses to communicate efficientlyand to facilitate caring and equal care
Låt de rätta komma in och må de finna vägen ut : Om idrottsutbildningar, antagningsprocesser och karriärutveckling
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to deepen the understanding of sports schools, particularly the methods and decision-making processes underlying student admissions to these schools, as well as the significance of the schools in shaping athletic careers. The thesis comprises four studies. The first is a scoping study that maps peer-reviewed research on sports schools. It shows that research on sports schools has expanded significantly, particularly since the 2010s, underscoring the schools’ dual role as both sites for individual development and as integral parts of elite talent systems. The second study, based on the concept of communities of practice, is a case study of admission processes at sports schools. Using six focus group interviews with school sport teachers (n = 18), the study shows how admissions take place within sport-specific communities, shaped by sports cultures and assumptions about talent. Despite the subjective nature of athlete assessments, collective engagement among teachers plays a central role in their joint decision regarding which students to admit. The third study, a retrospective cohort study, explores the use of physical tests in admission processes. Analysing test results from cross-country skiers (n = 193), the study finds no or weak correlation between admission test performance and later sporting success, raising questions about the use of such tests in talent identification processes, such as admission to sports schools. The fourth study, informed by the concept of horizons for action, is a case study based on semi-structured interviews, exploring senior-year student athletes’ (n = 10) career development. The study shows how social and cultural contexts shape career development and career decisions, such as choosing a sport, changing clubs and applying to sport schools. While all student athletes aspired to elite careers, their dreams have shifted into pragmatically rational intentions within bounded opportunities. The findings highlight the segmented nature of career horizons among student athletes and their limited awareness of alternative pathways. Together, these studies provide new insights into the functioning of sports schools, as well as into admission processes and career development within them. They offer valuable perspectives for refining admission procedures and career guidance
Half a Page Longer: : A Comparative Study on Readability in August Strindberg’s A Half-Sheet of Paper and Its Easy-to-Read Version
No full textDenna studie genomför en komparativ analys av August Strindbergs novell Ett halvt ark papper (1903) och dess lättlästa version med fokus på hur textens läsbarhet förändrats genom språkliga anpassningar. Studien utgår från systemisk-funktionell grammatik (SFG) och analyserar lexikal variation, grammatiska utvidgningar, textuell kohesion och meningsfragment. Genom både kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder undersöks skillnader på språkets mikronivåer. Resultaten visar att den lättlästa versionen innehåller fler explicita språkliga markörer, ökad användning av konjunktioner och underordnade satser samt färre meningsfragment, vilket minskar kraven på inferenser och ökar textens tillgänglighet. Särskild vikt läggs vid hur dessa förändringar påverkar läsbarheten för andraspråksinlärare, som ofta har begränsad språklig erfarenhet och kan behöva tydligare strukturer för att tolka textens innehåll. Samtidigt påverkas den litterära stilen, exempelvis genom förenklat ordförråd och förändrad satsstruktur. Studien belyser den komplexa balansen mellan begriplighet och stilistisk autenticitet vid anpassning av skönlitteratur till lättläst format
Numerical simulation of the group effect in the slip modulus of laterally loaded multiple fastener cross-laminated timber connections
No full textDuctile timber structures are mainly realised using dowel-type connections, which exhibit non-linear force–displacement behaviour that is not directly proportional to the number of fasteners. This so-called group effect has mainly been studied as regards strength, while the group effect in the slip modulus is less investigated. A Beam-on-Foundation (BoF) model for the local behaviour of each fastener is integrated into a multiple fastener steel-to-cross-laminated timber (CLT) connection model, considering CLT layer specific non-linear embedment behaviour. The BoF model for each fastener is kinematically coupled to the surrounding timber matrix, modelled by shell elements with orthotropic linear-elastic material properties. The resulting adaptive connection model is used to predict both shear capacity and slip modulus of steel-to-CLT connections with multiple fasteners and to investigate group effects. A comparison of experimentally-determined and model predicted shear capacity and connection slip modulus showed good agreement. The validated model was applied to study, in addition to the number of fasteners parallel and perpendicular to the outer layer’s fibre direction, the influence of fastener diameter, fastener spacing, loading direction, timber density and steel plate thickness on the load distribution between the fasteners and the overall connection behaviour. The dataset from the parameter study was then exploited to derive a design equation that predicts the group effect in the slip modulus of CLT connections
Sången är bossen : En konstnärlig undersökning om hur det nutida sound-idealet skapas inom pop vocal production
No full textI detta arbete har jag undersökt vilka tekniker som används på sången i nutida popproduktioner och hur dessa tekniker funkar för mig. För att ta reda på vilka tekniker som används har jag intervjuat professionella producenter som arbetar med kända artister inom popmusik. Efter intervjuerna har jag applicerat producenternas tekniker på två egna produktioner och analyserat vilka tekniker jag föredrog och varför. Det jag kom fram till var att vissa av producenternas tekniker passade mitt sätt att jobba och lyfte mina produktioner till nästa nivå, medan vissa av teknikerna inte passade alls och fick produktionerna att låta sämre. Efter att ha testat alla tekniker har jag hittat en början på hur jag kan fortsätta framåt och bli en ännu bättre musikproducent
Convictions in court records with a lethal outcome : A study based on courts in Västra Göinge, Östra Göinge and Lund between 1950-1954 and 1960-1964
No full textThe aim with the following study is to present information regarding convicted criminals who have committed a crime with a lethal outcome. This essay will bring up convictions from three different courts, Västra Göinge domsagas häradsrätt, Östra Göinge domsagas häradsrätt and rådhusrätten i Lund, between 1950-1954 and 1960-1964. The questions this essay intend to answer are: how many people were convicted, what age and gender did they belong to, did they suffer from mental or social disabilities, how did traffic accidents with a lethal outcome change between the time periods and how can all of this be used in high school education. The results show that 90% of the convicts were men. Regarding the age, most of them were between the age of 15-24 and 35-44. Furthermore, the two people convicted for manslaughter suffered from mental and social disabilities. Regarding negligent homicide in traffic, it slightly decreased in Västra Göinge and Östra Göinge but increased in Lund. It is also concluded in this essay that crime history can be very useful in Swedish high schools.
Using Multiple Embeddings for Visually Guided Text Similarity Analysis
No full textMaking sense of large sets of data is a general and important challenge that occurs for many research fields and real-world scenarios. Therefore, many different specific computational methods for data mining and analysis have been developed, some which are specific to certain data types and some which are more general. Such methods often seek to reveal the intrinsic structure of relations between the data items in order to provide important insights beyond the individual data values. This can be done in many different ways, but interestingly several of the most prominent methods (such as clustering and dimensionality reduction) are based on similarity/closeness calculations. The concept of similarity may at first glance seem both intuitive and simple, but it provides several challenges conceptually, visually and computationally due to its inherently subjective nature. Given the prevalence of similarity-based analysis methods within visual analytics (VA), we argue that there is a need for a better understanding of the potential and limitations of such methods---not only in their own specific contexts, but rather on a more common and general level. With this in mind, we have identified a current research gap regarding the need for a comprehensive approach on how to evaluate, compare and combine different models within the context of similarity calculations. In this thesis, we seek to fill this gap through a series of publications around the common thread of developing a coherent VA framework for similarity-based analysis of large textual data sets. Although we have founded our work on embedding-based similarity calculations on textual data, many of the general ideas and implications are generalizable to other computational approaches and data types as well. Our work covers several important aspects of the problem area, each of which is needed in order to construct a comprehensive methodology framework. As a foundation for our work, and for positioning our contribution in the context of the current research frontier, we provide a comprehensive survey of the use of embeddings within VA applications. For a solid conceptual understanding of the concept of similarity, we provide an analysis of its inherently subjective nature and the challenges this entails. Computationally, we develop several new methods for evaluating, comparing and combining different models. As a direct result of this, we also uncover a surprisingly high level of model disagreement---even though only state-of-the-art models are used. Visually, we provide several new prototype VA tools aimed at including the analyst in the loop and promote trust and deep understanding. All in all, our work provides several new and important insights to a previously underresearched problem area